PPI::Statement - The base class for perl statements
PPI::Base \--> PPI::Element \--> PPI::Node \--> PPI::Statement
PPI::Statement is the root class for all Perl statements. This includes (from perlsyn) "Declarations", "Simple Statements" and "Compound Statements".
The class PPI::Statement itself represents a "Simple Statement" as defined in the perlyn manpage.
PPI::Statement itself has very few methods. Most of the time, you will be working with the more generic PPI::Element or PPI::Node methods, or one of the methods that are subclass-specific.
One factor common to most (all?) statements is their ability to be labelled.
The label method returns the label for a statement, if one has been defined, but without the trailing colon. Take the following example
label
MYLABEL: while ( 1 .. 10 ) { last MYLABEL if $_ > 5 }
For the above statement, the label method would return 'MYLABEL'.
Returns false if the statement does not have a label.
Please note that unless documented themselves, these classes are yet to be frozen/finalised. Names may change slightly or be added or removed.
This covers all "scheduled" blocks, chunks of code that are executed separately from the main body of the code, at a particular time. This includes all BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END blocks.
BEGIN
CHECK
INIT
END
A package declaration, as defined in perlfunc.
A statement that loads or unloads another module.
This includes 'use', 'no', and 'require' statements.
A named subroutine declaration, or forward declaration
A variable declaration statement. This could be either a straight declaration or also be an expression.
This includes all 'my', 'local' and 'out' statements.
This covers the whole family of 'compound' statements, as described in perlsyn.
This includes all statements starting with 'if', 'unless', 'for', 'foreach' and 'while'. Note that this does NOT include 'do', as it is treated differently.
All compound statements have implicit ends. That is, they do not end with a ';' statement terminator.
A statement that breaks out of a structure.
This includes all of 'redo', 'next', 'last' and 'return' statements.
A special statement which encompasses an entire __DATA__ block, including the initial '__DATA__' token itself and the entire contents.
A special statement which encompasses an entire __END__ block, including the initial '__END__' token itself and the entire contents, including any parsed PPI::Token::POD that may occur in it.
PPI::Statement::Expression is a little more speculative, and is intended to help represent the special rules relating to "expressions" such as in:
# Several examples of expression statements # Boolean conditions if ( expression ) { ... } # Lists, such as for arguments Foo->bar( expression )
A null statement is a special case for where we encounter two consecutive statement terminators. ( ;; )
The second terminator is given an entire statement of its own, but one that serves no purpose. Hence a 'null' statement.
Theoretically, assuming a correct parsing of a perl file, all null statements are superfluous and should be able to be removed without damage to the file.
But don't do that, in case PPI has parsed something wrong.
Because PPI is intended for use when parsing incorrect or incomplete code, the problem arises of what to do with a stray closing brace.
Rather than die, it is allocated its own "unmatched brace" statement, which really means "unmatched closing brace". An unmatched open brace at the end of a file would become a structure with no contents and no closing brace.
If the document loaded is intended to be correct and valid, finding a PPI::Statement::UnmatchedBrace in the PDOM is generally indicative of a misparse.
This is used temporarily mid-parsing to hold statements for which the lexer cannot yet determine what class it should be, usually because there are insufficient clues, or it might be more than one thing.
You should never encounter these in a fully parsed PDOM tree.
- Complete, freeze and document the remaining classes
- Complete support for lexing of labels for all statement types
See the support section in the main PPI Manual
Adam Kennedy (Maintainer), http://ali.as/, cpan@ali.as
Thank you to Phase N (http://phase-n.com/) for permitting the open sourcing and release of this distribution.
Copyright (c) 2004 Adam Kennedy. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
The full text of the license can be found in the LICENSE file included with this module.
To install PPI, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm PPI
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install PPI
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.