Getopt::LL - Flexible argument processing.
This document describes Getopt::LL version 1.0.0
use Getopt:LL qw(getoptions); my $use_foo = 0; my $options = getoptions({ '-t' => 'string', '--verbose|-v' => 'flag', '--debug|-d' => 'digit', '--use-foo' => sub { $use_foo = 1; }, '-output|-o' => sub { my ($getopt, $node) = @_; my $next_arg = $getopt->get_next_arg($node); if ($next_arg eq '-') { $out_to_stdout = 1; } return $next_arg; }; });
Getopt::LL provides several ways for defining the arguments you want. There is Getopt::LL::Simple for defining arguments on the -use-line-, Getopt::LL::Short for abbreviated rules (that looks like Getopt::Long).
-Rules- is the guidelines Getopt::LL follows when it meets new options. The rules defines what options we want, which options are required, and what to do with an option.
A simple rule-set could be written like this:
my $rules = { '-foo' => 'string', '-bar' => 'string', '--verbose' => 'digit', '--debug' => 'flag', };
The argument to an rule is what we call a rule type or rule action. It can be one of the following:
'flag'
The option is a flag. The value of the option will be boolean true.
'string'
The option is a string. The value of the option will be the next argument in the argument list.
'digit'
The option is a number. The value of the option will be the next argument in the argument list. The value will be sent to is_digit($value) to check that it's really a number. If it's not a number and the die_on_type_mismatch option is set, the program will die with a type mismatch error message.
is_digit($value)
die_on_type_mismatch
A digit can also be a hex value if it begins with -0x-, any hex value will be converted to a decimal value.
A regular expression: qr/ /
qr/ /
The next argument will be matched against the regular expression. If it doesn't match the program will die with the message
Argument [--arg] doesn't match [regular-expression].
An anonymous subroutine. sub { }
sub { }
The sub-routine will be called with the following arguments
$_[0] - The Getopt::LL object.
$_[0]
$_[1] - The current argument node (A Getopt::LL::DLList::Node] object).
$_[1]
$_[2] - The argument name.
$_[2]
$_[3] - If an argument value was set by the user with --arg=value, the value is in this variable.
$_[3]
--arg=value
The return value of the anonymous subroutine will be the value of the option.
Here is an example of a rule sub that simply assigns the value of the next argument to the option value:
my $rules = { '-foo' => sub { my ($getopt, $node, $arg_name, $arg_value) = @_; return $arg_value if $arg_value; my $next_arg = $getopt->get_next_arg($node); return $next_arg; }, }; my $result = getoptions($rules); print 'FOO IS: [', $result->{'-foo'}, "]\n";
if this program is called with the arguments: -foo bar or -foo=bar it will print out this message:
-foo bar
-foo=bar
FOO IS [bar]
There are two ways of specifying required arguments.
Embedded in the rule name, by an exclamation point !.
my $rules = { '-foo!' => 'string', };
Or by adding the required flag.
required
my $rules = { '-foo' => { type => 'string', required => 1, }, }
There are two ways of specifying default values.
Embedded in the rule name, inside parens ( .. )
my $rules = { '-bar(defaultValue)' => 'string', };
Or by adding a default key to the spec.
default
my $rules = { '-bar' => { type => 'string', default => 'defaultValue', }, };
With Getopt::LL::Simple you can define the arguments you want on the -use-line-:
#!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; # we have three arguments: # -f! (our filename, which is a s(tring) the ! means that it's # a required argument. # --verbose (print extra information about what we're doing, is a flag). # --debug (the level of debugging information to print. is a # d(igit). # use Getopt::LL::Simple qw( -f!=s --verbose --debug|d=d ); if ($ARGV{'--verbose'}) { print "In verbose mode...\n"; } if ($ARGV{'--debug'}) { print 'Debugging level is set to: ', $ARGV{'--debug'}, "\n"; } print "The contents of @ARGV is:\n"; prnit "\t", join{q{, }, @ARGV), "\n";
The options that was found is placed into %ARGV, the arguments that is not an option is placed into @ARGV. So say we have run the program with the following arguments:
%ARGV
@ARGV
./myprogram -f tmp.log --verbose --debug=3 foo bar
or
./myprogram -f tmp.log --verbose --debug 3 foo bar
it will give this output:
In verbose mode... Debugging level is set to: 3 The contents of @ARGV is: foo, bar
new(\%rules, \%options, \@opt_argv )
Uses @ARGV if no \@opt_argv is present.
\@opt_argv
rules
set_rules
The list of rules passed to new.
new
options
set_options
The options passed to new.
dll
set_dll
Our arguments converted to a doubly linked list. (is a Getopt::LL::DLList object).
result
set_result
The final argument hash.
leftovers
set_leftovers
Array of items in the argument list that does not start with - or --.
parseoption($argument, $node)
This method is called for each argument to decide what to do with it.
find_arg_type($argument)
Find out what kind of argument this is.
If the argument starts with - (a single dash) it returns short, but if it starts with -- (two dashes) it returns long.
short
long
is_string($value, $option_name)
Check if value is a proper string.
is_digit($value, $option_name)
Check if value is a digit. (0-9+) If value starts with -0x-, it is treated as a hex value.
0-9+
type_mismatch_error($type, $message)
Called whenever a type does not match it's requirements.
unknown_argument_error($argument)
Called when a argument that has no rule is found. (turn off by setting the allow_unspecified option to a true value).
allow_unspecified
handle_rule($option_name, $rule, $node)
Called when parseoption() finds an argument that we have an existing rule for. This function decides what to do with the argument based on it's RULE_ACTION.
parseoption()
RULE_ACTION
get_next_arg($node)
Get and delete the next argument. (Gets the next node in our doubly linked list and deletes the current node)
peek_next_arg($node)
Look at the next argument, but don't delete it.
get_prev_arg($node)
Get and delete the previous argument.
peek_prev_arg($node)
Look at the previous argument, but don't delete it.
delete_arg($node)
Deletes the argument.
rules_prepare(\%rules)
Find and prepare aliases in the rule set.
rules_postactions( )
Things to do with rules after argument processing is done. Like adding default values for arguments with default values defined and checking for required arguments.
show_help( )
Print help for arguments to standard error. This is experimental and the implementation is not exactly complete.
show_usage( )
Print usage to standard error. This is experimental and the implementation is not exactly complete.
getoptions(\%rules, \%options, \@opt_argv)
Parses and gets arguments based on the rules in \%rules. Uses @ARGV if \@opt_arg is not specified.
\%rules
\@opt_arg
Returns hash with the arguments it found. @ARGV is replaced with the arguments that does not start with - or --.
opt_String($help_for_option)
Shortcut for writing:
{ type => 'string', help => $help_for_option, }
opt_Digit($help_for_option)
{ type => 'digit', help => $help_for_option, }
opt_Flag($help_for_option)
{ type => 'flag', help => $help_for_option, }
_init()
Called by new to traverse and parse the doubly linked list of arguments.
_warn(@messages)
Print a warning on the screen, but only if $options->{silent} is not set.
$options->{silent}
_regex_as_text($regex)
Quoted regexes are not very user-friendly to print directly, so this function turns a quoted regex like:
(?xmsi:hello)
into:
/hello/xmsii
This module requires no configuration file or environment variables.
Class::Dot
version
None known.
No bugs have been reported.
Please report any bugs or feature requests to bug-getopt-ll@rt.cpan.org, or through the web interface at CPAN Bugtracker.
Getopt::Long
Getopt::Euclid
Getopt::Declare
Getopt::Attribute
---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ File stmt bran cond sub pod time total ---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ lib/Getopt/LL.pm 100.0 98.6 94.4 100.0 100.0 38.2 99.2 lib/Getopt/LL/DLList.pm 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15.1 100.0 lib/Getopt/LL/DLList/Node.pm 100.0 100.0 n/a 100.0 100.0 9.9 100.0 lib/Getopt/LL/Short.pm 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.4 100.0 lib/Getopt/LL/Simple.pm 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 n/a 0.6 100.0 ...topt/LL/SimpleExporter.pm 100.0 100.0 n/a 100.0 100.0 4.6 100.0 lib/Getopt/LL/properties.pm 100.0 100.0 n/a 100.0 n/a 30.2 100.0 Total 100.0 99.0 96.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.6 ---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
The summary was generated by Devel::Cover.
Ask Solem, C<< ask@0x61736b.net >>.
Copyright (c), 2007 Ask Solem C<< ask@0x61736b.net >>.
All rights reserved.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.6 or, at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.
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# Local Variables: # mode: cperl # cperl-indent-level: 4 # fill-column: 78 # End: # vim: expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 shiftround
To install Getopt::LL, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm Getopt::LL
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install Getopt::LL
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.