POSIX::2008 - Perl interface to POSIX.1-2008
use Fcntl; use POSIX::2008 qw(openat pwrite); sysopen my $dh, '/tmp', O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_NOFOLLOW or die 'Dafuq?'; my $fh = openat($dh, 'foobar', O_RDWR|O_CREAT); pwrite($fh, 'fuckyounsa', 10, 0);
POSIX::2008 contains many of the interfaces specified by POSIX.1-2008 that the core POSIX module withholds, implements in Perl or fucked up.
This module is provided "as is" unless someone volunteers to maintain it.
Since version 0.13, the parameter order of pread/pwrite is (count, offset) as with the actual system calls instead of (offset, count). Good luck.
Since version 0.05, all I/O functions that take numeric file descriptors also accept Perl file or directory handles. openat() even returns a handle if you passed it one.
openat()
A system call return value of -1 meaning "error" is mapped to undef.
A system call return value of 0 meaning "success" is mapped to "0 but true".
For system calls where 0 does not just mean "success", 0 is returned unchanged. These are open(), read(), write(), readv(), writev(), pread(), pwrite(), preadv(), pwritev(). openat() gets a special treatment in this module, see below.
open()
read()
write()
readv()
writev()
pread()
pwrite()
preadv()
pwritev()
l = a64l(s);
abort();
ui = abs(i);
ret = access(path, mode);
y = acos(x);
y = acosh(x);
remaining_sec = alarm(sec);
y = asin(x);
y = asinh(x);
z = atan2(y, x);
y = atan(x);
y = atanh(x);
f = atof(s);
i = atoi(s);
l = atol(s);
s = basename(path);
r = cabs(re, im);
(re, im) = cacos(re, im);
(re, im) = cacosh(re, im);
phi = carg(re, im);
(re, im) = casinh(re, im);
(re, im) = catan(re, im);
(re, im) = catanh(re, im);
ret = catclose(catd);
s = catgets(catd, set_id, msg_id, dflt_string);
catd = catopen(name, oflag);
y = cbrt(x);
(re, im) = ccos(re, im);
(re, im) = ccosh(re, im);
y = ceil(x);
(re, im) = cexp(re, im);
ret = chdir(path);
ret = chmod(path, mode);
ret = chown(path, uid, gid);
im = cimag(re, im);
t = clock()
clock_id = clock_getcpuclockid(pid);
pid defaults to $$. Returns undef on error.
(sec, nsec) = clock_getres(clock_id);
clock_id defaults to CLOCK_REALTIME. Returns empty list on error.
(sec, nsec) = clock_gettime(clock_id);
(rem_sec, rem_nsec) = clock_nanosleep(clock_id, flags, sec, nsec);
In scalar context returns the remaining seconds as a floating point number.
ret = clock_settime(clock_id, sec, nsec);
(re, im) = clog(re, im);
ret = close(fd);
s = confstr(name);
name is one of the _CS_ integer constants.
(re, im) = conj(re, im);
xs = copysign(x, y);
y = cos(x);
y = cosh(x);
(re, im) = cpow(re_x, im_x, re_y, im_y);
(re, im) = cproj(re, im);
re = creal(re, im);
(re, im) = csin(re, im);
(re, im) = csinh(re, im);
(re, im) = csqrt(re, im);
(re, im) = ctan(re, im);
(re, im) = ctanh(re, im);
name = dirname(path);
(quot, rem) = div(numer, denom);
dlclose(dlhandle);
dlerror();
dlhandle = dlopen(file, mode);
addr = dlsym(dlhandle, name);
r = drand48();
endutxent();
(r, X0, X1, X2) = erand48(X0, X1, X2);
y = erf(x);
y = erfc(x);
y = exp2(x);
y = expm1(x);
ret = faccessat(dirfd, path, amode, flags=0);
flags is the bitwise OR of zero or more of AT_EACCESS, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW.
ret = fchdir(dirfd);
ret = fchmod(fd, mode);
ret = fchmodat(dirfd, path, mode, flags=0);
flags can be 0 or AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW.
ret = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
ret = fchownat(dirfd, path, uid, gid, flags=0);
ret = fdatasync(fd);
ret = fdopen(fd, mode)
Returns a file handle associated with the file descriptor fd or undef on error. mode is one of the values "r", "w", "a" with an optional "+" and/or "b".
"r"
"w"
"a"
"+"
"b"
It's similar to IO::Handle::new_from_fd() with the following improvements:
IO::Handle::new_from_fd()
It really calls fdopen(3).
fdopen(3)
It expects POSIX mode strings (e.g. "r", not "<").
"<"
It fails mode is not compatible with the flags of fd.
ret = fdopendir(fd)
Returns a directory handle associated with the file descriptor fd or undef on error. Usage example:
my $dh = do { sysopen my $fh, '/tmp', O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_NOFOLLOW; fdopendir($fh); # or fdopendir(fileno $fh) but the former also works # with handles from opendir() for which fileno does # not work before Perl 5.22 }; my @files = readdir $dh; # this would fail with $fh from sysopen
d = fdim(double x, double y);
round = fegetround();
ret = fesetround(round);
pos = ffs(i);
y = floor(x);
r = fma(x, y, z);
m = fmax(x, y);
m = fmin(x, y);
m = fmod(x, y);
ret = fnmatch(pattern, string, flags);
Returns 0 if string matches pattern, FNM_NOMATCH if there is no match, undef if there is an error.
flags is the bitwise OR of zero or more of FNM_NOESCAPE, FNM_PATHNAME, FNM_PERIOD, FNM_FILE_NAME, FNM_LEADING_DIR, FNM_CASEFOLD.
fpclassify(x);
Returns one of FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_ZERO, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_NORMAL.
(dev, ino, mode, nlink, uid, gid, rdev, size, atim_sec, mtim_sec, ctim_sec, blksize, blocks, atim_nsec, mtim_nsec, ctim_nsec) = fstatat(dirfd, path, flags = 0);
flags is the bitwise OR of zero or more of AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW, AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT.
ret = fsync(fd);
ret = ftruncate(fd, length);
ret = futimens(fd, atime_sec, atime_nsec, mtime_sec, mtime_nsec);
atime_sec and mtime_sec default to 0, atime_nsec and mtime_nsec default to UTIME_NOW.
(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday, yday, isdst) = getdate(string);
getdate_err() returns the value of the getdate_err variable.
egid = getegid();
euid = geteuid();
gid = getgid();
hostid = gethostid();
hostname = gethostname();
(int_sec, int_usec, val_sec, val_usec) = getitimer(which);
which is one of ITIMER_REAL, ITIMER_VIRTUAL, ITIMER_PROF.
prio = getpriority(which, who);
which can be one of PRIO_PROCESS, PRIO_PGRP, PRIO_USER, defaults to PRIO_PROCESS.
who defaults to 0.
Returns undef on error.
sid = getsid(pid);
pid defaults to 0.
uid = getuid();
(user, id, line, pid, type, sec, usec) = getutxent();
getutxent() reads a line from the current file position in the utmp file.
(user, id, line, pid, type, sec, usec) = getutxid(ut_type, ut_id);
getutxid() searches forward from the current file position in the utmp file based upon ut_type and ut_id. If ut_type is one of RUN_LVL, BOOT_TIME, NEW_TIME, or OLD_TIME, getutxid() will find the first entry whose ut_type field matches ut_type. If ut_type is one of INIT_PROCESS, LOGIN_PROCESS, USER_PROCESS, or DEAD_PROCESS, getutxid() will find the first entry whose ut_id field matches ut_id.
(user, id, line, pid, type, sec, usec) = getutxline(ut_line);
getutxline() searches forward from the current file position in the utmp file. It scans entries whose ut_type is USER_PROCESS or LOGIN_PROCESS and returns the first one whose ut_line field matches ut_line.
r = hypot(x, y);
y = ilogb(x);
Like POSIX::isalpha() but returns 0 for the empty string.
ret = isatty(fd)
ret = isblank(charstring)
Returns 1 if charstring consists only of blank characters (i.e. spaces and/or tabs). Returns 0 otherwise (also for the empty string).
Like POSIX::iscntrl() but returns 0 for the empty string.
Like POSIX::isdigit() but returns 0 for the empty string.
isfinite(x);
Like POSIX::isgraph() but returns 0 for the empty string.
isinf(x);
Like POSIX::islower() but returns 0 for the empty string.
isnan(x);
isnormal(x);
Like POSIX::isprint() but returns 0 for the empty string.
Like POSIX::ispunct() but returns 0 for the empty string.
Like POSIX::isspace() but returns 0 for the empty string.
Like POSIX::isupper() but returns 0 for the empty string.
Like POSIX::isxdigit() but returns 0 for the empty string.
y = j0(x);
j0() is the Bessel function of the first kind of order 0.
y = j1(x);
j1() is the Bessel function of the first kind of order 1.
y = jn(n, x);
jn() is the Bessel function of the first kind of order n.
(r, X0, X1, X2) = jrand48(X0, X1, X2);
ret = killpg(pgrp, sig);
s = l64a(n);
ret = lchown(path, uid, gid)
y = ldexp(x, exp);
(quot, rem) = ldiv(numer, denom);
y = lgamma(x);
ret = link(path1, path2);
ret = linkat(fd1, path1, fd2, path2, flags=0);
flags can be 0 or AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW.
y = log1p(x);
y = log2(x);
y = logb(x);
r = lrand48();
l = lround(x)
ret = lstat(path);
ret = mkdir(path, mode);
ret = mkdirat(fd, path, mode);
name = mkdtemp(template);
ret = mkfifo(path, mode);
ret = mkfifoat(fd, path, mode);
ret = mknod(path, mode, dev);
ret = mknodat(fd, path, mode, dev);
(fd, name) = mkstemp(template);
mrand48();
(rem_sec, rem_nsec) = nanosleep(sec, nsec);
y = nearbyint(x);
z = nextafter(x, y);
r = nrand48()
ret = open(path, oflag[, mode]);
oflag defaults to O_RDONLY, mode defaults to 0600.
ret = openat(fd, path, oflag[, mode]);
If fd is numeric (i.e. a file descriptor), openat() returns a file descriptor. If fd is a file or directory handle the return value is also a handle whose type depends on the file type of path: If path is a directory, the return value is a directory handle, otherwise it's a file handle.
ret = posix_fadvise(fd, offset, len, advice);
advice is one of the POSIX_FADV_ constants.
POSIX_FADV_
Returns undef on error
ret = posix_fallocate(fd, offset, len);
bytes_read = pread(fd, buf, count, [offset, buf_offset]);
pread() reads count bytes (not characters) of data from the file descriptor fd at file offset offset into the scalar buf without changing the file offset. buf will be enlarged automatically if necessary.
offset and buf_offset are set to 0 if omitted or undef.
pread() treats buf just like sysread() does: buf_offset may be specified to place the read data at that position in buf. If buf_offset is past the end of buf, buf will be padded with zeros before appending the data. If buf_offset is negative, it is counted from the end of the string. buf will be grown or shrunk so that the last byte actually read is the last byte of buf after the read.
sysread()
Returns the number of bytes read, 0 at EOF, undef on error.
bytes_read = preadv(fd, buffers, sizes, [offset])
preadv() behaves like readv() but adds an optional offset argument, which specifies the file position at which the data is to be read. offset is set to 0 if omitted or undef.
The file offset is not changed by this system call. The file referred to by fd must be capable of seeking.
name = ptsname(fd);
bytes_written = pwrite(fd, buf, [count, offset, buf_offset]);
pwrite() writes count bytes of data from the scalar buf to the file descriptor fd at file offset offset without changing the file offset. The file referenced by fd must be capable of seeking.
If count is omitted or undef, everything from buf_offset up to the end of buf is written.
buf_offset may be specified to write data from that position in buf. If buf_offset is negative it is counted from the end of the string.
Returns the number of bytes written, undef on error.
On Linux, if a file is opened with O_APPEND, pwrite() appends data to the end of the file, regardless of the value of offset (in violation of POSIX).
bytes_written = pwritev(fd, buffers, [offset])
pwritev() behaves like writev() but adds an optional offset argument, which specifies the file position at which the data is to be written. offset is set to 0 if omitted or undef.
r = random();
bytes_read = read(fd, buf, count);
Like POSIX::read() but returns 0 at EOF instead of "0 but true".
bytes_read = readv(fd, buffers, sizes);
Example:
sysopen my $fh, '/tmp/foobar', O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC; pwrite($fh, 'foobar', 6, 0); readv($fh, my @buf, [4, 0, 4, 4]); # -> @buf is ('foob', '', 'ar')
readv() reads from the file descriptor fd into buffers as many strings as there are elements in sizes. buffers must be a variable holding an array or an array reference. sizes must be an array reference.
sizes is expected to hold unsigned integers that specify how many bytes are to be read into each buffer. A byte count of 0 or undef creates an empty string. sizes is processed in array order.
buffers will be extended if necessary, but it will never be shrunk. If buffers is not empty, any existing elements are replaced as long as sufficient data was read from fd.
If the total byte count of sizes exceeds the number of bytes actually read from fd, there may be one partly filled buffer and the rest of sizes is skipped, so you may end up with less strings in buffers than there are elements in sizes.
readv() returns the number of bytes read (which may be less than the total bytes in sizes) or undef on error.
name = readlink(path);
name = readlinkat(dirfd, path);
r = remainder(x, y);
ret = remove(path);
Calls the actual C library function remove().
remove()
Note that POSIX::remove() fails if path is a symlink to a directory because someone "couldn't read the plans right and did a piss-poor job of putting it together" as (-d $_[0]) ? CORE::rmdir($_[0]) : CORE::unlink($_[0]). Quote from Armageddon.
(-d $_[0]) ? CORE::rmdir($_[0]) : CORE::unlink($_[0])
ret = rename(old, new);
ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
r = round(x);
y = scalbn(x, n);
(old_seed1, old_seed2, old_seed3) = seed48(seed1, seed2, seed3);
ret = setegid(gid);
ret = seteuid(uid);
ret = setgid(gid);
(old_int_sec, old_int_usec, old_val_sec, old_val_usec) = setitimer(which, int_sec, int_usec, val_sec, val_usec);
ret = setpriority(value, which, who);
Returns true on success, undef on error.
ret = setregid(rgid, egid);
ret = setreuid(ruid, euid);
ret = setuid(uid);
setutxent();
ret = sighold(sig);
ret = sigignore(sig);
b = signbit(x);
sigpause(sig);
ret = sigrelse(sig);
y = sinh(x);
srand48(seedval);
srandom(seed);
(dev, ino, mode, nlink, uid, gid, rdev, size, atim_sec, mtim_sec, ctim_sec, blksize, blocks, atim_nsec, mtim_nsec, ctim_nsec) = stat(path);
(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday, yday, isdst) = strptime(s, format[, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday, yday, isdst]);
strptime() converts the string s into a broken-down time according to the format string format. The time fields may optionally be initialized in whole or in part and will be returned as initialized if they are not affected by the format string. Unprocessed uninitialized or undef fields are returned as undef.
Returns an empty list on error.
In scalar context returns the index of the first byte in s that was not processed or the byte length of s if the whole string was consumed or undef on error.
As strptime() acts on null-terminated strings, strings containing NUL bytes will only be processed up to the first NUL byte.
symlink(old, new);
ret = symlinkat(old, dirfd, new);
sync();
y = tan(x);
y = tanh(x);
y = tgamma(x);
timerid = timer_create(clockid, signal);
timer_delete(timerid);
Returns '0 but true' on success, undef on error.
count = timer_getoverrun(timerid);
(interval_sec, interval_nsec, initial_sec, initial_nsec) = timer_gettime(timerid);
(old_int_sec, old_int_nsec, old_init_sec, old_init_nsec) = timer_settime(timerid, flags, int_sec, int_nsec, [init_sec, init_nsec]);
flags may be 0 or TIMER_ABSTIME. If the init values are omitted, they are set to the int values.
TIMER_ABSTIME
ret = truncate(path, length);
y = trunc(x);
ret = unlinkat(dirfd, path, flags=0);
flags can be 0 or AT_REMOVEDIR.
ret = unlink(path);
ret = utimensat(dirfd, path, flags, atime_sec, atime_nsec, mtime_sec, mtime_nsec);
flags can be 0 or AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW, defaults to 0.
atime_sec and mtime_sec default to 0. atime_nsec and mtime_nsec default to UTIME_NOW.
bytes_written = write(fd, buf[, count]);
Like POSIX::write() but returns 0 instead of "0 but true" if 0 bytes were written, and it does not write more bytes than buf contains.
If count is omitted or undef, it defaults to the length of buf.
bytes_written = writev(fd, buffers);
writev() writes multiple buffers from buffers to the file associated with the file descriptor fd. buffers must be an array reference. The buffers are processed in array order. Undefined or empty elements are skipped.
Returns the number of bytes written or undef on error.
y = y0(x);
y0() is the Bessel function of the second kind of order 0.
y = y1(x);
y1() is the Bessel function of the second kind of order 1.
y = yn(n, x);
yn() is the Bessel function of the second kind of order n.
This module does not export anything by default. The following export tags are available:
:at All *at() functions like openat() etc. plus all AT_ constants :id All get/set*id() functions like getuid() etc. :is All is* functions like isdigit() etc. :rw read(), readv(), write(), writev() :prw pread(), preadv(), pwrite(), pwritev() :clock All clock* functions and all CLOCK* constants :fcntl All F_, FD_, O_, POSIX_FADV_ and SEEK_ constants (for AT_ use :at) :fnm C<fnmatch()> and all FNM_ constants :time_h All CLOCK_ and TIMER_ constants :timer All timer_ functions and TIMER_ constants
AT_EACCESS AT_EMPTY_PATH AT_FDCWD AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT AT_REMOVEDIR AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
AT_EACCESS
AT_EMPTY_PATH
AT_FDCWD
AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT
AT_REMOVEDIR
AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW
AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
BOOT_TIME NEW_TIME OLD_TIME DEAD_PROCESS INIT_PROCESS LOGIN_PROCESS USER_PROCESS RUN_LVL
BOOT_TIME
NEW_TIME
OLD_TIME
DEAD_PROCESS
INIT_PROCESS
LOGIN_PROCESS
USER_PROCESS
RUN_LVL
CLOCK_BOOTTIME CLOCK_HIGHRES CLOCK_MONOTONIC CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE CLOCK_MONOTONIC_FAST CLOCK_MONOTONIC_PRECISE CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID CLOCK_REALTIME CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE CLOCK_REALTIME_FAST CLOCK_REALTIME_PRECISE CLOCK_SOFTTIME CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID CLOCK_UPTIME CLOCK_UPTIME_FAST CLOCK_UPTIME_PRECISE
CLOCK_BOOTTIME
CLOCK_HIGHRES
CLOCK_MONOTONIC
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_FAST
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_PRECISE
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID
CLOCK_REALTIME
CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE
CLOCK_REALTIME_FAST
CLOCK_REALTIME_PRECISE
CLOCK_SOFTTIME
CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID
CLOCK_UPTIME
CLOCK_UPTIME_FAST
CLOCK_UPTIME_PRECISE
_CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION _CS_GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION _CS_PATH
_CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION
_CS_GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION
_CS_PATH
F_DUPFD F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC F_GETFD F_SETFD F_GETFL F_SETFL F_GETLK F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_GETOWN F_SETOWN F_RDLCK F_UNLCK F_WRLCK
F_DUPFD
F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
F_GETFD
F_SETFD
F_GETFL
F_SETFL
F_GETLK
F_SETLK
F_SETLKW
F_GETOWN
F_SETOWN
F_RDLCK
F_UNLCK
F_WRLCK
FD_CLOEXEC
FNM_CASEFOLD FNM_FILE_NAME FNM_LEADING_DIR FNM_NOESCAPE FNM_NOMATCH FNM_PATHNAME FNM_PERIOD
FNM_CASEFOLD
FNM_FILE_NAME
FNM_LEADING_DIR
FNM_NOESCAPE
FNM_NOMATCH
FNM_PATHNAME
FNM_PERIOD
FP_INFINITE FP_NAN FP_NORMAL FP_SUBNORMAL FP_ZERO
FP_INFINITE
FP_NAN
FP_NORMAL
FP_SUBNORMAL
FP_ZERO
TIMER_ABSTIME ITIMER_PROF ITIMER_REAL ITIMER_VIRTUAL
ITIMER_PROF
ITIMER_REAL
ITIMER_VIRTUAL
O_ACCMODE O_APPEND O_CLOEXEC O_CREAT O_DIRECTORY O_DSYNC O_EXEC O_NOCTTY O_NOFOLLOW O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_RSYNC O_SEARCH O_SYNC O_TMPFILE O_TRUNC O_TTY_INIT O_WRONLY
O_ACCMODE
O_APPEND
O_CLOEXEC
O_CREAT
O_DIRECTORY
O_DSYNC
O_EXEC
O_NOCTTY
O_NOFOLLOW
O_NONBLOCK
O_RDONLY
O_RDWR
O_RSYNC
O_SEARCH
O_SYNC
O_TMPFILE
O_TRUNC
O_TTY_INIT
O_WRONLY
POSIX_FADV_NORMAL POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL POSIX_FADV_RANDOM POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED
POSIX_FADV_NORMAL
POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL
POSIX_FADV_RANDOM
POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE
POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED
POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED
RTLD_GLOBAL RTLD_LAZY RTLD_LOCAL RTLD_NOW
RTLD_GLOBAL
RTLD_LAZY
RTLD_LOCAL
RTLD_NOW
SEEK_SET SEEK_CUR SEEK_END
SEEK_SET
SEEK_CUR
SEEK_END
UTIME_NOW UTIME_OMIT
UTIME_NOW
UTIME_OMIT
For whatever reason, preadv() and pwritev() are not part of POSIX. They are included anyway.
Initially hacked together by Carsten Gaebler.
This library is free software. You can redistribute and/or modify it under the terms of the Do What The Fuck You Want To Public License, Version 2, as published by Sam Hocevar. See the COPYING file or http://www.wtfpl.net/ for more details.
To install POSIX::2008, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm POSIX::2008
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install POSIX::2008
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.