Bio::Tools::HMM - Perl extension to perform Hidden Markov Model calculations
use Bio::Tools::HMM; use Bio::SeqIO; use Bio::Matrix::Scoring; # create a HMM object # ACGT are the bases NC mean non-coding and coding $hmm = Bio::Tools::HMM->new('-symbols' => "ACGT", '-states' => "NC"); # initialize some training observation sequences $seq1 = Bio::SeqIO->new(-file => $ARGV[0], -format => 'fasta'); $seq2 = Bio::SeqIO->new(-file => $ARGV[1], -format => 'fasta'); @seqs = ($seq1, $seq2); # train the HMM with the observation sequences $hmm->baum_welch_training(\@seqs); # get parameters $init = $hmm->init_prob; # returns an array reference $matrix1 = $hmm->transition_prob; # returns Bio::Matrix::Scoring $matrix2 = $hmm->emission_prob; # returns Bio::Matrix::Scoring # initialize training hidden state sequences $hs1 = "NCNCNNNNNCCCCNNCCCNNNNC"; $hs2 = "NCNNCNNNNNNCNCNCNNNCNCN"; @hss = ($hs1, $hs2); # train the HMM with both observation sequences and hidden state # sequences $hmm->statistical_training(\@seqs, \@hss); # with the newly calibrated HMM, we can use viterbi algorithm # to obtain the hidden state sequence underlying an observation # sequence $hss = $hmm->viterbi($seq); # returns a string of hidden states
Hidden Markov Model (HMM) was first introduced by Baum and his colleagues in a series of classic papers in the late 1960s and 1970s. It was first applied to the field of speech recognition with great success in the 1970s.
Explosion in the amount sequencing data in the 1990s opened the field of Biological Sequence Analysis. Seeing HMM's effectiveness in detecing signals in biological sequences, Krogh, Mian and Haussler used HMM to find genes in E. coli DNA in a classical paper in 1994. Since then, there have been extensive application of HMM to other area of Biology, for example, multiple sequence alignment, CpG island detection and so on.
This package comes with the main bioperl distribution. You also need to install the lastest bioperl-ext package which contains the XS code that implements the algorithms. This package won't work if you haven't compiled the bioperl-ext package.
Allow people to set and get the tolerance level in the EM algorithm.
Allow people to set and get the maximum number of iterations to run in the EM algorithm.
A function to calculate the probability of an observation sequence
A function to do posterior decoding, ie to find the probabilty of seeing a certain observation symbol at position i.
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This implementation was written by Yee Man Chan (ymc@yahoo.com). Copyright (c) 2005 Yee Man Chan. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. All the code are written by Yee Man Chan without borrowing any code from anywhere.
Title : likelihood Usage : $prob = $hmm->likelihood($seq) Function: Calculate the probability of an observation sequence given an HMM Returns : An floating point number that is the logarithm of the probability of an observation sequence given an HMM Args : The only argument is a string that is the observation sequence you are interested in. Note that the sequence must not contain any character that is not in the alphabet of observation symbols.
Title : statistical_training Usage : $hmm->statistical_training(\@seqs, \@hss) Function: Estimate the parameters of an HMM given an array of observation sequence and an array of the corresponding hidden state sequences Returns : Returns nothing. The parameters of the HMM will be set to the estimated values Args : The first argument is a reference to an array of observation sequences. The second argument is a reference to an array of hidden state sequences. Note that the lengths of an observation sequence and a hidden state sequence must be the same.
Title : baum_welch_training Usage : $hmm->baum_welch_training(\@seqs) Function: Estimate the parameters of an HMM given an array of observation sequence Returns : Returns nothing. The parameters of the HMM will be set to the estimated values Args : The only argument is a reference to an array of observation sequences.
Title : viterbi Usage : $hss = $hmm->viterbi($seq) Function: Find out the hidden state sequence that can maximize the probability of seeing observation sequence $seq. Returns : Returns a string that is the hidden state sequence that maximizes the probability of seeing $seq. Args : The only argument is an observation sequence.
Title : symbols Usage : $symbols = $hmm->symbols() #get : $hmm->symbols($value) #set Function : the set get for the observation symbols Example : Returns : symbols string Arguments : new value
Title : states Usage : $states = $hmm->states() #get : $hmm->states($value) #set Function : the set get for the hidden states Example : Returns : states string Arguments : new value
Title : init_prob Usage : $init = $hmm->init_prob() #get : $hmm->transition_prob(\@init) #set Function : the set get for the initial probability array Example : Returns : reference to double array Arguments : new value
Title : transition_prob Usage : $transition_matrix = $hmm->transition_prob() #get : $hmm->transition_prob($matrix) #set Function : the set get for the transition probability mairix Example : Returns : Bio::Matrix::Scoring Arguments : new value
Title : emission_prob Usage : $emission_matrix = $hmm->emission_prob() #get : $hmm->emission_prob($matrix) #set Function : the set get for the emission probability mairix Example : Returns : Bio::Matrix::Scoring Arguments : new value
To install Bio::Seq, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm Bio::Seq
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install Bio::Seq
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.