Fuse - write filesystems in Perl using FUSE
use Fuse; my ($mountpoint) = ""; $mountpoint = shift(@ARGV) if @ARGV; Fuse::main(mountpoint=>$mountpoint, getattr=>"main::my_getattr", getdir=>"main::my_getdir", ...);
This lets you implement filesystems in perl, through the FUSE (Filesystem in USErspace) kernel/lib interface.
FUSE expects you to implement callbacks for the various functions.
In the following definitions, "errno" can be 0 (for a success), -EINVAL, -ENOENT, -EONFIRE, any integer less than 1 really.
You can import standard error constants by saying something like "use POSIX qw(EDOTDOT ENOANO);".
Every constant you need (file types, open() flags, error values, etc) can be imported either from POSIX or from Fcntl, often both. See their respective documentations, for more information.
None by default.
You can request all exportable symbols by using the tag ":all".
You can request the extended attribute symbols by using the tag ":xattr". This will export XATTR_CREATE and XATTR_REPLACE.
Takes arguments in the form of hash key=>value pairs. There are many valid keys. Most of them correspond with names of callback functions, as described in section 'FUNCTIONS YOUR FILESYSTEM MAY IMPLEMENT'. A few special keys also exist:
debug => boolean
This turns FUSE call tracing on and off. Default is 0 (which means off).
mountpoint => string
The point at which to mount this filesystem. There is no default, you must specify this. An example would be '/mnt'.
mountopts => string
This is a comma seperated list of mount options to pass to the FUSE kernel module.
At present, it allows the specification of the allow_other argument when mounting the new FUSE filesystem. To use this, you will also need 'user_allow_other' in /etc/fuse.conf as per the FUSE documention
mountopts => "allow_other" or mountopts => ""
threaded => boolean
This turns FUSE multithreading on and off. The default is 0, meaning your FUSE script will run in single-threaded mode. Note that single-threaded mode also means that you will not have to worry about reentrancy, though you will have to worry about recursive lookups. In single-threaded mode, FUSE holds a global lock on your filesystem, and will wait for one callback to return before calling another. This can lead to deadlocks, if your script makes any attempt to access files or directories in the filesystem it is providing. (This includes calling stat() on the mount-point, statfs() calls from the 'df' command, and so on and so forth.) It is worth paying a little attention and being careful about this.
Enabling multithreading will cause FUSE to make multiple simultaneous calls into the various callback functions of your perl script. If you enable threaded mode, you can enjoy all the parallel execution and interactive response benefits of threads, and you get to enjoy all the benefits of race conditions and locking bugs, too. Please also ensure any other perl modules you're using are also thread-safe.
(If enabled, this option will cause a warning if your perl interpreter was not built with USE_ITHREADS, or if you have failed to use threads or threads::shared.)
nullpath_ok => boolean
This flag tells Fuse to not pass paths for functions that operate on file or directory handles. This will yield empty path parameters for functions including read, write, flush, release, fsync, readdir, releasedir, fsyncdir, truncate, fgetattr and lock. If you use this, you must return file/directory handles from open, opendir and create. Default is 0 (off). Only effective on Fuse 2.8 and up; with earlier versions, this does nothing.
use Fuse "fuse_get_context"; my $caller_uid = fuse_get_context()->{"uid"}; my $caller_gid = fuse_get_context()->{"gid"}; my $caller_pid = fuse_get_context()->{"pid"};
Access context information about the current Fuse operation.
Indicates the Fuse version in use; more accurately, indicates the version of the Fuse API in use at build time. Returned as a decimal value; i.e., for Fuse API v2.6, will return "2.6".
Arguments: filename. Returns a list, very similar to the 'stat' function (see perlfunc). On error, simply return a single numeric scalar value (e.g. "return -ENOENT();").
FIXME: the "ino" field is currently ignored. I tried setting it to 0 in an example script, which consistently caused segfaults.
Fields (the following was stolen from perlfunc(1) with apologies):
($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid,$rdev,$size, $atime,$mtime,$ctime,$blksize,$blocks) = getattr($filename);
Here are the meaning of the fields:
0 dev device number of filesystem 1 ino inode number 2 mode file mode (type and permissions) 3 nlink number of (hard) links to the file 4 uid numeric user ID of file's owner 5 gid numeric group ID of file's owner 6 rdev the device identifier (special files only) 7 size total size of file, in bytes 8 atime last access time in seconds since the epoch 9 mtime last modify time in seconds since the epoch 10 ctime inode change time (NOT creation time!) in seconds since the epoch 11 blksize preferred block size for file system I/O 12 blocks actual number of blocks allocated
(The epoch was at 00:00 January 1, 1970 GMT.)
Arguments: link pathname. Returns a scalar: either a numeric constant, or a text string.
This is called when dereferencing symbolic links, to learn the target.
example rv: return "/proc/self/fd/stdin";
Arguments: Containing directory name. Returns a list: 0 or more text strings (the filenames), followed by a numeric errno (usually 0).
This is used to obtain directory listings. It's opendir(), readdir(), filldir() and closedir() all in one call.
example rv: return ('.', 'a', 'b', 0);
Arguments: Filename, numeric modes, numeric device Returns an errno (0 upon success, as usual).
This function is called for all non-directory, non-symlink nodes, not just devices.
Arguments: New directory pathname, numeric modes. Returns an errno.
Called to create a directory.
Arguments: Filename. Returns an errno.
Called to remove a file, device, or symlink.
Arguments: Pathname. Returns an errno.
Called to remove a directory.
Arguments: Existing filename, symlink name. Returns an errno.
Called to create a symbolic link.
Arguments: old filename, new filename. Returns an errno.
Called to rename a file, and/or move a file from one directory to another.
Arguments: Existing filename, hardlink name. Returns an errno.
Called to create hard links.
Arguments: Pathname, numeric modes. Returns an errno.
Called to change permissions on a file/directory/device/symlink.
Arguments: Pathname, numeric uid, numeric gid. Returns an errno.
Called to change ownership of a file/directory/device/symlink.
Arguments: Pathname, numeric offset. Returns an errno.
Called to truncate a file, at the given offset.
Arguments: Pathname, numeric actime, numeric modtime. Returns an errno.
Called to change access/modification times for a file/directory/device/symlink.
Arguments: Pathname, numeric flags (which is an OR-ing of stuff like O_RDONLY and O_SYNC, constants you can import from POSIX), fileinfo hash reference. Returns an errno, a file handle (optional).
No creation, or trunctation flags (O_CREAT, O_EXCL, O_TRUNC) will be passed to open(). The fileinfo hash reference contains flags from the Fuse open call which may be modified by the module. The only fields presently supported are: direct_io (version 2.4 onwards) keep_cache (version 2.4 onwards) nonseekable (version 2.9 onwards) Your open() method needs only check if the operation is permitted for the given flags, and return 0 for success. Optionally a file handle may be returned, which will be passed to subsequent read, write, flush, fsync and release calls.
Arguments: Pathname, numeric requested size, numeric offset, file handle Returns a numeric errno, or a string scalar with up to $requestedsize bytes of data.
Called in an attempt to fetch a portion of the file.
Arguments: Pathname, scalar buffer, numeric offset, file handle. You can use length($buffer) to find the buffersize. Returns length($buffer) if successful (number of bytes written).
Called in an attempt to write (or overwrite) a portion of the file. Be prepared because $buffer could contain random binary data with NULs and all sorts of other wonderful stuff.
Arguments: none Returns any of the following:
-ENOANO()
or
$namelen, $files, $files_free, $blocks, $blocks_avail, $blocksize
-ENOANO(), $namelen, $files, $files_free, $blocks, $blocks_avail, $blocksize
Arguments: Pathname, file handle Returns an errno or 0 on success.
Called to synchronise any cached data. This is called before the file is closed. It may be called multiple times before a file is closed.
Arguments: Pathname, numeric flags passed to open, file handle Returns an errno or 0 on success.
Called to indicate that there are no more references to the file. Called once for every file with the same pathname and flags as were passed to open.
Arguments: Pathname, numeric flags Returns an errno or 0 on success.
Called to synchronise the file's contents. If flags is non-zero, only synchronise the user data. Otherwise synchronise the user and meta data.
Arguments: Pathname, extended attribute's name, extended attribute's value, numeric flags (which is an OR-ing of XATTR_CREATE and XATTR_REPLACE Returns an errno or 0 on success.
Called to set the value of the named extended attribute.
If you wish to reject setting of a particular form of extended attribute name (e.g.: regexps matching user\..* or security\..*), then return - EOPNOTSUPP.
If flags is set to XATTR_CREATE and the extended attribute already exists, this should fail with - EEXIST. If flags is set to XATTR_REPLACE and the extended attribute doesn't exist, this should fail with - ENOATTR.
XATTR_CREATE and XATTR_REPLACE are provided by this module, but not exported by default. To import them:
use Fuse ':xattr';
or:
use Fuse ':all';
Arguments: Pathname, extended attribute's name Returns an errno, 0 if there was no value, or the extended attribute's value.
Called to get the value of the named extended attribute.
Arguments: Pathname Returns a list: 0 or more text strings (the extended attribute names), followed by a numeric errno (usually 0).
Arguments: Pathname, extended attribute's name Returns an errno or 0 on success.
Arguments: Pathname of a directory Returns an errno, and a directory handle (optional)
Called when opening a directory for reading. If special handling is required to open a directory, this operation can be implemented to handle that.
Arguments: Pathname of a directory, numeric offset, (optional) directory handle Returns a list of 0 or more entries, followed by a numeric errno (usually 0). The entries can be simple strings (filenames), or arrays containing an offset number, the filename, and optionally an array ref containing the stat values (as would be returned from getattr()).
This is used to read entries from a directory. It can be used to return just entry names like getdir(), or can get a segment of the available entries, which requires using array refs and the 2- or 3-item form, with offset values starting from 1. If you wish to return the parameters to fill each entry's struct stat, but do not wish to do partial entry lists/entry counting, set the first element of each array to 0 always.
Note that if this call is implemented, it overrides getdir() ALWAYS.
Arguments: Pathname of a directory, (optional) directory handle Returns an errno or 0 on success
Called when there are no more references to an opened directory. Called once for each pathname or handle passed to opendir(). Similar to release(), but for directories. Accepts a return value, but like release(), the response code will not propagate to any corresponding closedir() calls.
Arguments: Pathname of a directory, numeric flags, (optional) directory handle Returns an errno or 0 on success.
Called to synchronize any changes to a directory's contents. If flag is non-zero, only synchronize user data, otherwise synchronize user data and metadata.
Arguments: None. Returns (optionally) an SV to be passed as private_data via fuse_get_context().
Arguments: (optional) private data SV returned from init(), if any. Returns nothing.
Arguments: Pathname, access mode flags Returns an errno or 0 on success.
Determine if the user attempting to access the indicated file has access to perform the requested actions. The user ID can be determined by calling fuse_get_context(). See access(2) for more information.
Arguments: Pathname, create mask, open mode flags Returns errno or 0 on success, and (optional) file handle.
Create a file with the path indicated, then open a handle for reading and/or writing with the supplied mode flags. Can also return a file handle like open() as part of the call.
Arguments: Pathname, numeric offset, (optional) file handle Returns errno or 0 on success
Like truncate(), but on an opened file.
Arguments: Pathname, (optional) file handle Returns a list, very similar to the 'stat' function (see perlfunc). On error, simply return a single numeric scalar value (e.g. "return -ENOENT();").
Like getattr(), but on an opened file.
Arguments: Pathname, numeric command code, hashref containing lock parameters, (optional) file handle Returns errno or 0 on success
Used to lock or unlock regions of a file. Locking is handled locally, but this allows (especially for networked file systems) for protocol-level locking semantics to also be employed, if any are available.
See the Fuse documentation for more explanation of lock(). The needed symbols for the lock constants can be obtained by importing Fcntl.
Arguments: Pathname, last accessed time, last modified time Returns errno or 0 on success
Like utime(), but allows time resolution down to the nanosecond. Currently times are passed as "numeric" (internally I believe these are represented typically as "long double"), so the sub-second portion is represented as fractions of a second.
Note that if this call is implemented, it overrides utime() ALWAYS.
Arguments: Pathname, numeric blocksize, numeric block number Returns errno or 0 on success, and physical block number if successful
Used to map a block number offset in a file to the physical block offset on the block device backing the file system. This is intended for filesystems that are stored on an actual block device, with the 'blkdev' option passed.
Mark Glines, <mark@glines.org>
perl, the FUSE documentation.
To install Fuse, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm Fuse
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install Fuse
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.