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NAME

mb - run Perl script in MBCS encoding (not only CJK ;-)

SYNOPSIS

  $ perl mb.pm              MBCS_Perl_script.pl (auto detect encoding of script)
  $ perl mb.pm -e big5      MBCS_Perl_script.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e big5hkscs MBCS_Perl_script.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e eucjp     MBCS_Perl_script.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e gb18030   MBCS_Perl_script.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e gbk       MBCS_Perl_script.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e sjis      MBCS_Perl_script.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e uhc       MBCS_Perl_script.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e utf8      MBCS_Perl_script.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e wtf8      MBCS_Perl_script.pl

  MBCS subroutines:
    mb::chop(...);
    mb::chr(...);
    mb::do 'file';
    mb::dosglob(...);
    mb::eval 'string';
    mb::getc(...);
    mb::index(...);
    mb::index_byte(...);
    mb::length(...);
    mb::ord(...);
    mb::require 'file';
    mb::reverse(...);
    mb::rindex(...);
    mb::rindex_byte(...);
    mb::substr(...);
    mb::use Module;
    mb::no Module;

  MBCS special variables:
    $mb::PERL
    $mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME

  supported encodings:
    Big5, Big5-HKSCS, EUC-JP, GB18030, GBK, Sjis, UHC, UTF-8, WTF-8

  supported operating systems:
    Apple Inc. OS X,
    Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. HP-UX,
    International Business Machines Corporation AIX,
    Microsoft Corporation Windows,
    Oracle Corporation Solaris,
    and Other Systems

  supported perl versions:
    perl version 5.005_03 to newest perl

INSTALLATION BY MAKE

To install this software by make, type the following:

   perl Makefile.PL
   make
   make test
   make install

INSTALLATION WITHOUT MAKE (for DOS-like system)

To install this software without make, type the following:

   pmake.bat test
   pmake.bat install

DESCRIPTION

  This software is a source code filter, a transpiler-modulino.

  Perl is said to have been able to handle Unicode since version 5.8. However,
  unlike JPerl, "Easy jobs easy" has been lost. (but we have got it again :-D)

  In Shift_JIS and similar encodings(Big5, Big5-HKSCS, GB18030, GBK, Sjis, UHC)
  have any DAMEMOJI who have metacharacters at second octet. Which characters
  are DAMEMOJI is depends on whether the enclosing delimiter is single quote or
  double quote.

  This software escapes DAMEMOJI in your script, generate a new script and
  run it.

  There are some MBCS encodings in the world.
  in Japan since 1978, JIS C 6226-1978,
  in China since 1980, GB 2312-80,
  in Taiwan since 1984, Big5,
  in South Korea since 1991, KS X 1002:1991, and more.
  Even if you are an avid Unicode proponent, you cannot change this fact. These
  encodings are still used today in most areas except the world wide web.

  This software ...
  * supports MBCS literals in Perl scripts
  * supports Big5, Big5-HKSCS, EUC-JP, GB18030, GBK, Sjis, UHC, UTF-8, and WTF-8
  * does not use the UTF8 flag to avoid MOJIBAKE
  * escapes DAMEMOJI in scripts
  * handles raw encoding to support GAIJI
  * adds multibyte anchoring to regular expressions
  * rewrites character classes in regular expressions to work as MBCS codepoint
  * supports special variables $`, $&, and $'
  * does not change features of octet-oriented built-in functions
  * lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), and ucfirst() convert US-ASCII only
  * codepoint range by hyphen of tr/// and y/// support US-ASCII only
  * You have to write mb::* subroutines if you want codepoint semantics

  Let's enjoy MBSC scripting in Perl!!

TERMINOLOGY

  To understand and use this software, you must know some terminologies.
  But now I have no time for write them. So today is July 7th, I have to go to
  meet Juliet.
  The necessary terms are listed below. Maybe world wide web will help you.
  • byte

  • octet

  • encoding

  • decode

  • character

  • codepoint

  • grapheme

  • SBCS(Single Byte Character Set)

  • DBCS(Double Byte Character Set)

  • MBCS(Multibyte Character Set)

  • multibyte anchoring

  • character class

  • MOJIBAKE

  • DAMEMOJI

  • GAIJI

  • GETA, GETA-MOJI, GETA-MARK

MBCS Encodings supported by this software

  The encodings supported by this software and their range of octets are as
  follows.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  big5 (Big5)
             1st       2nd
             81..FE    00..FF
             00..7F
             https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5
             * needs multibyte anchoring
             * needs escaping meta char of 2nd octet
             * unsafe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd octet
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  big5hkscs (Big5-HKSCS)
             1st       2nd
             81..FE    00..FF
             00..7F
             https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set
             * needs multibyte anchoring
             * needs escaping meta char of 2nd octet
             * unsafe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd octet
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  eucjp (EUC-JP)
             1st       2nd
             A1..FE    00..FF
             00..7F
             https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code#EUC-JP
             * needs multibyte anchoring
             * needs no escaping meta char of 2nd octet
             * safe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd octet
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  gb18030 (GB18030)
             1st       2nd       3rd       4th
             81..FE    30..39    81..FE    30..39
             81..FE    00..FF
             00..7F
             https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_18030
             * needs multibyte anchoring
             * needs escaping meta char of 2nd octet
             * unsafe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd-4th octet
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  gbk (GBK)
             1st       2nd
             81..FE    00..FF
             00..7F
             https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)
             * needs multibyte anchoring
             * needs escaping meta char of 2nd octet
             * unsafe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd octet
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  sjis (Shift_JIS-like encodings)
             1st       2nd
             81..9F    00..FF
             E0..FC    00..FF
             80..FF
             00..7F
             https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_JIS
             * needs multibyte anchoring
             * needs escaping meta char of 2nd octet
             * unsafe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd octet
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  uhc (UHC)
             1st       2nd
             81..FE    00..FF
             00..7F
             https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code
             * needs multibyte anchoring
             * needs no escaping meta char of 2nd octet
             * unsafe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd octet
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  utf8 (UTF-8)
             1st       2nd       3rd       4th
             E1..EC    80..BF    80..BF
             C2..DF    80..BF
             EE..EF    80..BF    80..BF
             F0..F0    90..BF    80..BF    80..BF
             E0..E0    A0..BF    80..BF
             ED..ED    80..9F    80..BF
             F1..F3    80..BF    80..BF    80..BF
             F4..F4    80..8F    80..BF    80..BF
             00..7F
             https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
             * needs no multibyte anchoring
             * needs no escaping meta char of 2nd-4th octets
             * safe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd-4th octet
             * enforces surrogate codepoints must be paired
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  wtf8 (WTF-8)
             1st       2nd       3rd       4th
             E1..EF    80..BF    80..BF
             C2..DF    80..BF
             E0..E0    A0..BF    80..BF
             F0..F0    90..BF    80..BF    80..BF
             F1..F3    80..BF    80..BF    80..BF
             F4..F4    80..8F    80..BF    80..BF
             00..7F
             http://simonsapin.github.io/wtf-8/
             * superset of UTF-8 that encodes surrogate codepoints if they are not in a pair
             * needs no multibyte anchoring
             * needs no escaping meta char of 2nd-4th octets
             * safe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd-4th octet
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MBCS subroutines provided by this software

  This software provides traditional feature "as was." The new MBCS features
  are provided by subroutines with new names. If you like utf8 pragma, mb::*
  subroutines will help you. On other hand, If you love JPerl, those
  subroutines will not help you very much. Traditional functions of Perl are
  useful still now in octet-oriented semantics.

  elder <--                            age                              --> younger
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  bare Perl4         JPerl4                                                        
  bare Perl5         JPerl5             use utf8;          mb.pm                   
  bare Perl7                            pragma             modulino                
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  chop               ---                ---                chop                    
  chr                chr                bytes::chr         chr                     
  getc               getc               ---                getc                    
  index              ---                bytes::index       index                   
  lc                 lc                 ---                lc (by internal mb::lc) 
  lcfirst            lcfirst            ---                lcfirst (by internal mb::lcfirst)
  length             length             bytes::length      length                  
  ord                ord                bytes::ord         ord                     
  reverse            reverse            ---                reverse                 
  rindex             ---                bytes::rindex      rindex                  
  substr             substr             bytes::substr      substr                  
  uc                 uc                 ---                uc (by internal mb::uc) 
  ucfirst            ucfirst            ---                ucfirst (by internal mb::ucfirst)
  ---                chop               chop               mb::chop                
  ---                ---                chr                mb::chr                 
  ---                ---                getc               mb::getc                
  ---                index              ---                mb::index_byte          
  ---                ---                index              mb::index               
  ---                ---                lc                 ---                     
  ---                ---                lcfirst            ---                     
  ---                ---                length             mb::length              
  ---                ---                ord                mb::ord                 
  ---                ---                reverse            mb::reverse             
  ---                rindex             ---                mb::rindex_byte         
  ---                ---                rindex             mb::rindex              
  ---                ---                substr             mb::substr              
  ---                ---                uc                 ---                     
  ---                ---                ucfirst            ---                     
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  do 'file'          ---                ---                do 'file'               
  eval 'string'      ---                ---                eval 'string'           
  require 'file'     ---                ---                require 'file'          
  use Module         ---                ---                use Module              
  no Module          ---                ---                no Module               
  ---                do 'file'          do 'file'          mb::do 'file'           
  ---                eval 'string'      eval 'string'      mb::eval 'string'       
  ---                require 'file'     require 'file'     mb::require 'file'      
  ---                use Module         use Module         mb::use Module          
  ---                no Module          no Module          mb::no Module           
  $^X                ---                ---                $^X                     
  ---                $^X                $^X                $mb::PERL               
  $0                 $0                 $0                 $mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME  
  ---                ---                ---                $0                      
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  DOS-like glob() as MBCS subroutine
  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  MBCS semantics          broken function, not so useful
  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  mb::dosglob             glob, and <globbing*>
  -----------------------------------------------------------------

  index brothers
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  functions or subs       works as        returns as      considered
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  index                   octet           octet           useful, bare Perl like
  rindex                  octet           octet           useful, bare Perl like
  mb::index               codepoint       codepoint       not so useful, utf8 pragma like
  mb::rindex              codepoint       codepoint       not so useful, utf8 pragma like
  mb::index_byte          codepoint       octet           useful, JPerl like
  mb::rindex_byte         codepoint       octet           useful, JPerl like
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Sometimes "compatibility" means "compromise." In that case, "best compatibility" means
  "most useful compromise." That's what mb::index_byte() and mb::rindex_byte() are.
  But sorry for the long name.

MBCS special variables provided by this software

  This software provides the following two special variables for convenience.
  • $mb::PERL

      system(qq{ $^X perl_script.pl });              # had been write this...
      
                                                     # on mb.pm modulino
      system(qq{ $^X       SBCS_perl_script.pl });   # for SBCS script
      system(qq{ $mb::PERL MBCS_perl_script.pl });   # for MBCS script
  • $mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME

      if ($0 =~ /-x64\.pl\z/) { ... }                # had been write this...
      
                                                     # on mb.pm modulino
      if ($0 =~ /-x64\.pl\z/) { ... }                # means program name translated by mb.pm modulino (are you right?)
      if ($mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME =~ /-x64\.pl\z/) { ... }  # means original program name not translated by mb.pm modulino

Porting from script in bare Perl4, bare Perl5, and bare Perl7

  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  original script in        script with
  Perl4, Perl5, Perl7       mb.pm modulino
  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  chop                      chop
  chr                       chr
  do 'file'                 do 'file'
  eval 'string'             eval 'string'
  getc                      getc
  index                     index
  lc                        lc
  lcfirst                   lcfirst
  length                    length
  no Module                 no Module
  no Module qw(ARGUMENTS)   no Module qw(ARGUMENTS)
  ord                       ord
  require 'file'            require 'file'
  reverse                   reverse
  rindex                    rindex
  substr                    substr
  uc                        uc
  ucfirst                   ucfirst
  use Module                use Module
  use Module qw(ARGUMENTS)  use Module qw(ARGUMENTS)
  use Module ()             use Module ()
  -----------------------------------------------------------------

Porting from script in JPerl4, and JPerl5

  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  original script in        script with
  JPerl4, JPerl5            mb.pm modulino
  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  chop                      mb::chop
  do 'file'                 mb::do 'file'
  eval 'string'             mb::eval 'string'
  index                     mb::index_byte
  no Module                 mb::no Module
  no Module qw(ARGUMENTS)   mb::no Module qw(ARGUMENTS)
  require 'file'            mb::require 'file'
  rindex                    mb::rindex_byte
  use Module                mb::use Module
  use Module qw(ARGUMENTS)  mb::use Module qw(ARGUMENTS)
  use Module ()             mb::use Module ()
  -----------------------------------------------------------------

Porting from script with utf8 pragma

  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  original script with      script with
  utf8 pragma               mb.pm modulino
  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  chop                      mb::chop
  chr                       mb::chr
  do 'file'                 mb::do 'file'
  eval 'string'             mb::eval 'string'
  getc                      mb::getc
  index                     mb::index
  lc                        ---
  lcfirst                   ---
  length                    mb::length
  no Module                 mb::no Module
  no Module qw(ARGUMENTS)   mb::no Module qw(ARGUMENTS)
  ord                       mb::ord
  require 'file'            mb::require 'file'
  reverse                   mb::reverse
  rindex                    mb::rindex
  substr                    mb::substr
  uc                        ---
  ucfirst                   ---
  use Module                mb::use Module
  use Module qw(ARGUMENTS)  mb::use Module qw(ARGUMENTS)
  use Module ()             mb::use Module ()
  -----------------------------------------------------------------

What are DAMEMOJI?

  In single quote, DAMEMOJI are double-byte characters that include the
  following metacharacters ('', q{}, <<'END', qw{}, m'', s''', split(''),
  split(m''), and qr'')
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  hex   character as US-ASCII
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  5C    [\]    backslashed escapes
  ------------------------------------------------------------------

  In double quote, DAMEMOJI are double-byte characters that include the
  following metacharacters ("", qq{}, <<END, <<"END", ``, qx{}, <<`END`, //,
  m//, ??, s///, split(//), split(m//), and qr//)
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  hex   character as US-ASCII
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  21    [!]    
  22    ["]    
  23    [#]    regexp comment
  24    [$]    sigil of scalar variable
  25    [%]    
  26    [&]    
  27    [']    
  28    [(]    regexp group and capture
  29    [)]    regexp group and capture
  2A    [*]    regexp matches zero or more times
  2B    [+]    regexp matches one or more times
  2C    [,]    
  2D    [-]    
  2E    [.]    regexp matches any octet
  2F    [/]    
  3A    [:]    
  3B    [;]    
  3C    [<]    
  3D    [=]    
  3E    [>]    
  3F    [?]    regexp matches zero or one times
  40    [@]    sigil of array variable
  5B    [[]    regexp bracketed character class
  5C    [\]    backslashed escapes
  5D    []]    regexp bracketed character class
  5E    [^]    regexp true at beginning of string
  60    [`]    command execution
  7B    [{]    regexp quantifier
  7C    [|]    regexp alternation
  7D    [}]    regexp quantifier
  7E    [~]    
  ------------------------------------------------------------------

How to escape 2nd octet of DAMEMOJI

  ex. Japanese KATAKANA "SO" like [ `/ ] code is "\x83\x5C" in Sjis
 
                  see     hex dump
  -----------------------------------------
  source script   "`/"    [83 5c]
  -----------------------------------------
 
  using mb.pm,
                          hex dump
  -----------------------------------------
  escaped script  "`\/"   [83 [5c] 5c]
  -----------------------------------------
                    ^--- escape by mb.pm
 
  by the by       see     hex dump
  -----------------------------------------
  your eye's      "`/\"   [83 5c] [5c]
  -----------------------------------------
  perl eye's      "`\/"   [83] \[5c]
  -----------------------------------------
 
                          hex dump
  -----------------------------------------
  in the perl     "`/"    [83] [5c]
  -----------------------------------------

What transpiles to what by this software?

  This software automatically transpiles MBCS literal strings in scripts to
  octet-oriented strings(OO-quotee).

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  do 'file'                                  do 'file'
  do { block }                               do { block }
  mb::do 'file'                              mb::do 'file'
  mb::do { block }                           do { block }
  eval 'string'                              eval 'string'
  eval { block }                             eval { block }
  mb::eval 'string'                          mb::eval 'string'
  mb::eval { block }                         eval { block }
  require 123                                require 123
  require 'file'                             require 'file'
  mb::require 123                            mb::require 123
  mb::require 'file'                         mb::require 'file'
  use Module 5.005;                          use Module 5.005;
  use Module 5.005 qw(A B C);                use Module 5.005 qw(A B C);
  use Module 5.005 ();                       use Module 5.005 ();
  use Module;                                use Module;
  use Module qw(A B C);                      use Module qw(A B C);
  use Module ();                             use Module ();
  mb::use Module 5.005;                      BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->VERSION(5.005); Module->import; };
  mb::use Module 5.005 qw(A B C);            BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->VERSION(5.005);  Module->import(qw(A B C)); };
  mb::use Module 5.005 ();                   BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->VERSION(5.005); };
  mb::use Module;                            BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->import; };
  mb::use Module qw(A B C);                  BEGIN { mb::require 'Module';  Module->import(qw(A B C)); };
  mb::use Module ();                         BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; };
  no Module 5.005;                           no Module 5.005;
  no Module 5.005 qw(A B C);                 no Module 5.005 qw(A B C);
  no Module 5.005 ();                        no Module 5.005 ();
  no Module;                                 no Module;
  no Module qw(A B C);                       no Module qw(A B C);
  no Module ();                              no Module ();
  mb::no Module 5.005;                       BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->VERSION(5.005); Module->unimport; };
  mb::no Module 5.005 qw(A B C);             BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->VERSION(5.005);  Module->unimport(qw(A B C)); };
  mb::no Module 5.005 ();                    BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->VERSION(5.005); };
  mb::no Module;                             BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->unimport; };
  mb::no Module qw(A B C);                   BEGIN { mb::require 'Module';  Module->unimport(qw(A B C)); };
  mb::no Module ();                          BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; };
  chop                                       chop
  lc                                         mb::lc
  lcfirst                                    mb::lcfirst
  uc                                         mb::uc
  ucfirst                                    mb::ucfirst
  index                                      index
  rindex                                     rindex
  mb::getc()                                 mb::getc()
  mb::getc($fh)                              mb::getc($fh)
  mb::getc $fh                               mb::getc $fh
  mb::getc(FILE)                             mb::getc(\*FILE)
  mb::getc FILE                              mb::getc \*FILE
  mb::getc                                   mb::getc
  'MBCS-quotee'                              'OO-quotee'
  "MBCS-quotee"                              "OO-quotee"
  `MBCS-quotee`                              `OO-quotee`
  /MBCS-quotee/cgimosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  /MBCS-quotee/cgmosx                        m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  ?MBCS-quotee?cgimosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr?OO-quotee?mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  ?MBCS-quotee?cgmosx                        m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr?OO-quotee?mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  <MBCS-quotee>                              <OO-quotee>
  q/MBCS-quotee/                             q/OO-quotee/
  qx'MBCS-quotee'                            qx'OO-quotee'
  qw/MBCS-quotee/                            qw/OO-quotee/
  m'MBCS-quotee'cgimosx                      m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr'OO-quotee'mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  m'MBCS-quotee'cgmosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'OO-quotee'mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  s'MBCS-regexp'MBCS-replacement'eegimosxr   s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr'OO-regexp'mosx)]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q'OO-replacement'}egr
  s'MBCS-regexp'MBCS-replacement'eegmosxr    s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr'OO-regexp'mosx ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q'OO-replacement'}egr
  tr/MBCS-search/MBCS-replacement/cdsr       s{[\x00-\xFF]*}{mb::tr($&,q/OO-search/,q/OO-replacement/,'cdsr')}er
  tr/MBCS-search/MBCS-replacement/cds        s{[\x00-\xFF]*}{mb::tr($&,q/OO-search/,q/OO-replacement/,'cdsr')}e
  tr/MBCS-search/MBCS-replacement/ds         s{[\x00-\xFF]*}{mb::tr($&,q/OO-search/,q/OO-replacement/,'dsr')}e
  y/MBCS-search/MBCS-replacement/cdsr        s{[\x00-\xFF]*}{mb::tr($&,q/OO-search/,q/OO-replacement/,'cdsr')}er
  y/MBCS-search/MBCS-replacement/cds         s{[\x00-\xFF]*}{mb::tr($&,q/OO-search/,q/OO-replacement/,'cdsr')}e
  y/MBCS-search/MBCS-replacement/ds          s{[\x00-\xFF]*}{mb::tr($&,q/OO-search/,q/OO-replacement/,'dsr')}e
  qr'MBCS-quotee'cgimosx                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr'OO-quotee'mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  qr'MBCS-quotee'cgmosx                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'OO-quotee'mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  split m'^'                                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr'^'m ]}}
  split m'MBCS-quotee'cgimosx                mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr'OO-quotee'mosx)]}}cg
  split m'MBCS-quotee'cgmosx                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr'OO-quotee'mosx ]}}cg
  split qr'^'                                mb::_split qr{@{[qr'^'m ]}}
  split qr'MBCS-quotee'cgimosx               mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr'OO-quotee'mosx)]}}cg
  split qr'MBCS-quotee'cgmosx                mb::_split qr{@{[qr'OO-quotee'mosx ]}}cg
  qq/MBCS-quotee/                            qq/OO-quotee/
  qq'MBCS-quotee'                            qq'OO-quotee'
  qx/MBCS-quotee/                            qx/OO-quotee/
  m/MBCS-quotee/cgimosx                      m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  m/MBCS-quotee/cgmosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  s/MBCS-regexp/MBCS-replacement/eegimosxr   s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-regexp/mosx)]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q/OO-replacement/}egr
  s/MBCS-regexp/MBCS-replacement/eegmosxr    s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr/OO-regexp/mosx ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q/OO-replacement/}egr
  qr/MBCS-quotee/cgimosx                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  qr/MBCS-quotee/cgmosx                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  split /^/                                  mb::_split qr{@{[qr/^/m ]}}
  split /MBCS-quotee/cgimosx                 mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}}cg
  split /MBCS-quotee/cgmosx                  mb::_split qr{@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}}cg
  split m/^/                                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr/^/m ]}}
  split m/MBCS-quotee/cgimosx                mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}}cg
  split m/MBCS-quotee/cgmosx                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}}cg
  split qr/^/                                mb::_split qr{@{[qr/^/m ]}}
  split qr/MBCS-quotee/cgimosx               mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}}cg
  split qr/MBCS-quotee/cgmosx                mb::_split qr{@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}}cg
  m:MBCS-quotee:cgimosx                      m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  m:MBCS-quotee:cgmosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  s:MBCS-regexp:MBCS-replacement:eegimosxr   s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-regexp`mosx)]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q:OO-replacement:}egr
  s:MBCS-regexp:MBCS-replacement:eegmosxr    s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr`OO-regexp`mosx ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q:OO-replacement:}egr
  qr:MBCS-quotee:cgimosx                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  qr:MBCS-quotee:cgmosx                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  split m:^:                                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr`^`m ]}}
  split m:MBCS-quotee:cgimosx                mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}}cg
  split m:MBCS-quotee:cgmosx                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}}cg
  split qr:^:                                mb::_split qr{@{[qr`^`m ]}}
  split qr:MBCS-quotee:cgimosx               mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}}cg
  split qr:MBCS-quotee:cgmosx                mb::_split qr{@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}}cg
  m@MBCS-quotee@cgimosx                      m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  m@MBCS-quotee@cgmosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  s@MBCS-regexp@MBCS-replacement@eegimosxr   s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-regexp`mosx)]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q@OO-replacement@}egr
  s@MBCS-regexp@MBCS-replacement@eegmosxr    s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr`OO-regexp`mosx ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q@OO-replacement@}egr
  qr@MBCS-quotee@cgimosx                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  qr@MBCS-quotee@cgmosx                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  split m@^@                                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr`^`m ]}}
  split m@MBCS-quotee@cgimosx                mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}}cg
  split m@MBCS-quotee@cgmosx                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}}cg
  split qr@^@                                mb::_split qr{@{[qr`^`m ]}}
  split qr@MBCS-quotee@cgimosx               mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}}cg
  split qr@MBCS-quotee@cgmosx                mb::_split qr{@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}}cg
  m#MBCS-quotee#cgimosx                      m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr#OO-quotee#mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  m#MBCS-quotee#cgmosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr#OO-quotee#mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  s#MBCS-regexp#MBCS-replacement#eegimosxr   s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr#OO-regexp#mosx)]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q#OO-replacement#}egr
  s#MBCS-regexp#MBCS-replacement#eegmosxr    s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr#OO-regexp#mosx ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q#OO-replacement#}egr
  qr#MBCS-quotee#cgimosx                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr#OO-quotee#mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  qr#MBCS-quotee#cgmosx                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr#OO-quotee#mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  split m#^#                                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr#^#m ]}}
  split m#MBCS-quotee#cgimosx                mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr#OO-quotee#mosx)]}}cg
  split m#MBCS-quotee#cgmosx                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr#OO-quotee#mosx ]}}cg
  split qr#^#                                mb::_split qr{@{[qr#^#m ]}}
  split qr#MBCS-quotee#cgimosx               mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr#OO-quotee#mosx)]}}cg
  split qr#MBCS-quotee#cgmosx                mb::_split qr{@{[qr#OO-quotee#mosx ]}}cg
  $`                                         mb::_PREMATCH()
  ${`}                                       mb::_PREMATCH()
  $PREMATCH                                  mb::_PREMATCH()
  ${PREMATCH}                                mb::_PREMATCH()
  ${^PREMATCH}                               mb::_PREMATCH()
  $&                                         mb::_MATCH()
  ${&}                                       mb::_MATCH()
  $MATCH                                     mb::_MATCH()
  ${MATCH}                                   mb::_MATCH()
  ${^MATCH}                                  mb::_MATCH()
  $1                                         mb::_CAPTURE(1)
  $2                                         mb::_CAPTURE(2)
  $3                                         mb::_CAPTURE(3)
  @{^CAPTURE}                                mb::_CAPTURE()
  ${^CAPTURE}[0]                             mb::_CAPTURE(0+1)
  ${^CAPTURE}[1]                             mb::_CAPTURE(1+1)
  ${^CAPTURE}[2]                             mb::_CAPTURE(2+1)
  @-                                         mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()
  @LAST_MATCH_START                          mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()
  @{LAST_MATCH_START}                        mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()
  @{^LAST_MATCH_START}                       mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()
  $-[1]                                      mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)
  $LAST_MATCH_START[1]                       mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)
  ${LAST_MATCH_START}[1]                     mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)
  ${^LAST_MATCH_START}[1]                    mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)
  @+                                         mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()
  @LAST_MATCH_END                            mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()
  @{LAST_MATCH_END}                          mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()
  @{^LAST_MATCH_END}                         mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()
  $+[1]                                      mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)
  $LAST_MATCH_END[1]                         mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)
  ${LAST_MATCH_END}[1]                       mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)
  ${^LAST_MATCH_END}[1]                      mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)
  "$`"                                       "@{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}"
  "${`}"                                     "@{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}"
  "$PREMATCH"                                "@{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}"
  "${PREMATCH}"                              "@{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}"
  "${^PREMATCH}"                             "@{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}"
  "$&"                                       "@{[mb::_MATCH()]}"
  "${&}"                                     "@{[mb::_MATCH()]}"
  "$MATCH"                                   "@{[mb::_MATCH()]}"
  "${MATCH}"                                 "@{[mb::_MATCH()]}"
  "${^MATCH}"                                "@{[mb::_MATCH()]}"
  "$1"                                       "@{[mb::_CAPTURE(1)]}"
  "$2"                                       "@{[mb::_CAPTURE(2)]}"
  "$3"                                       "@{[mb::_CAPTURE(3)]}"
  "@{^CAPTURE}"                              "@{[join $", mb::_CAPTURE()]}"
  "${^CAPTURE}[0]"                           "@{[mb::_CAPTURE(0)]}"
  "${^CAPTURE}[1]"                           "@{[mb::_CAPTURE(1)]}"
  "${^CAPTURE}[2]"                           "@{[mb::_CAPTURE(2)]}"
  "@-"                                       "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}"
  "@LAST_MATCH_START"                        "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}"
  "@{LAST_MATCH_START}"                      "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}"
  "@{^LAST_MATCH_START}"                     "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}"
  "$-[1]"                                    "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}"
  "$LAST_MATCH_START[1]"                     "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}"
  "${LAST_MATCH_START}[1]"                   "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}"
  "${^LAST_MATCH_START}[1]"                  "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}"
  "@+"                                       "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}"
  "@LAST_MATCH_END"                          "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}"
  "@{LAST_MATCH_END}"                        "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}"
  "@{^LAST_MATCH_END}"                       "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}"
  "$+[1]"                                    "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}"
  "$LAST_MATCH_END[1]"                       "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}"
  "${LAST_MATCH_END}[1]"                     "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}"
  "${^LAST_MATCH_END}[1]"                    "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}"
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  The transpile-list below is primarily for Microsoft Windows, but it also
  applies when run on other operating systems to ensure commonality. Even if
  Perl 5.00503, you can stack file test operators, -r -w -f $file works as
  -f $file && -w _ && -r _.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  chdir                                      mb::_chdir
  opendir(DIR,'dir')                         mb::_opendir(\*DIR,'dir')
  opendir DIR,'dir'                          mb::_opendir \*DIR,'dir'
  opendir($dh,'dir')                         mb::_opendir($dh,'dir')
  opendir $dh,'dir'                          mb::_opendir $dh,'dir'
  unlink                                     mb::_unlink
  lstat()                                    mb::_lstat()
  lstat('a')                                 mb::_lstat('a')
  lstat("a")                                 mb::_lstat("a")
  lstat(`a`)                                 mb::_lstat(`a`)
  lstat(m/a/)                                mb::_lstat(m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/a/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}})
  lstat(q/a/)                                mb::_lstat(q/a/)
  lstat(qq/a/)                               mb::_lstat(qq/a/)
  lstat(qr/a/)                               mb::_lstat(qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/a/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}})
  lstat(qw/a/)                               mb::_lstat(qw/a/)
  lstat(qx/a/)                               mb::_lstat(qx/a/)
  lstat(s/a/b/)                              mb::_lstat(s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr/a/ ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . qq /b/}e)
  lstat(tr/a/b/)                             mb::_lstat(s{(\G${mb::_anchor})((?:(?=[a])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))}{$1.mb::tr($2,q/a/,q/b/,'r')}eg)
  lstat(y/a/b/)                              mb::_lstat(s{(\G${mb::_anchor})((?:(?=[a])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))}{$1.mb::tr($2,q/a/,q/b/,'r')}eg)
  lstat($fh)                                 mb::_lstat($fh)
  lstat(FILE)                                mb::_lstat(\*FILE)
  lstat(_)                                   mb::_lstat(\*_)
  lstat $fh                                  mb::_lstat $fh
  lstat FILE                                 mb::_lstat \*FILE
  lstat _                                    mb::_lstat \*_
  lstat                                      mb::_lstat
  stat()                                     mb::_stat()
  stat('a')                                  mb::_stat('a')
  stat("a")                                  mb::_stat("a")
  stat(`a`)                                  mb::_stat(`a`)
  stat(m/a/)                                 mb::_stat(m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/a/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}})
  stat(q/a/)                                 mb::_stat(q/a/)
  stat(qq/a/)                                mb::_stat(qq/a/)
  stat(qr/a/)                                mb::_stat(qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/a/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}})
  stat(qw/a/)                                mb::_stat(qw/a/)
  stat(qx/a/)                                mb::_stat(qx/a/)
  stat(s/a/b/)                               mb::_stat(s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr/a/ ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . qq /b/}e)
  stat(tr/a/b/)                              mb::_stat(s{(\G${mb::_anchor})((?:(?=[a])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))}{$1.mb::tr($2,q/a/,q/b/,'r')}eg)
  stat(y/a/b/)                               mb::_stat(s{(\G${mb::_anchor})((?:(?=[a])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))}{$1.mb::tr($2,q/a/,q/b/,'r')}eg)
  stat($fh)                                  mb::_stat($fh)
  stat(FILE)                                 mb::_stat(\*FILE)
  stat(_)                                    mb::_stat(\*_)
  stat $fh                                   mb::_stat $fh
  stat FILE                                  mb::_stat \*FILE
  stat _                                     mb::_stat \*_
  stat                                       mb::_stat
  -A $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -A )], $fh
  -A 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -A )], 'file'
  -A FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -A )], \*FILE
  -A _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -A )], \*_
  -A qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -A )], qq{file}
  -B $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -B )], $fh
  -B 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -B )], 'file'
  -B FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -B )], \*FILE
  -B _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -B )], \*_
  -B qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -B )], qq{file}
  -C $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -C )], $fh
  -C 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -C )], 'file'
  -C FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -C )], \*FILE
  -C _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -C )], \*_
  -C qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -C )], qq{file}
  -M $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -M )], $fh
  -M 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -M )], 'file'
  -M FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -M )], \*FILE
  -M _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -M )], \*_
  -M qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -M )], qq{file}
  -O $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -O )], $fh
  -O 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -O )], 'file'
  -O FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -O )], \*FILE
  -O _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -O )], \*_
  -O qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -O )], qq{file}
  -R $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -R )], $fh
  -R 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -R )], 'file'
  -R FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -R )], \*FILE
  -R _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -R )], \*_
  -R qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -R )], qq{file}
  -S $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -S )], $fh
  -S 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -S )], 'file'
  -S FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -S )], \*FILE
  -S _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -S )], \*_
  -S qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -S )], qq{file}
  -T $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -T )], $fh
  -T 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -T )], 'file'
  -T FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -T )], \*FILE
  -T _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -T )], \*_
  -T qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -T )], qq{file}
  -W $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -W )], $fh
  -W 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -W )], 'file'
  -W FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -W )], \*FILE
  -W _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -W )], \*_
  -W qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -W )], qq{file}
  -X $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -X )], $fh
  -X 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -X )], 'file'
  -X FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -X )], \*FILE
  -X _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -X )], \*_
  -X qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -X )], qq{file}
  -b $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -b )], $fh
  -b 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -b )], 'file'
  -b FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -b )], \*FILE
  -b _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -b )], \*_
  -b qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -b )], qq{file}
  -c $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -c )], $fh
  -c 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -c )], 'file'
  -c FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -c )], \*FILE
  -c _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -c )], \*_
  -c qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -c )], qq{file}
  -d $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -d )], $fh
  -d 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -d )], 'file'
  -d FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -d )], \*FILE
  -d _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -d )], \*_
  -d qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -d )], qq{file}
  -e $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -e )], $fh
  -e 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -e )], 'file'
  -e FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -e )], \*FILE
  -e _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -e )], \*_
  -e qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -e )], qq{file}
  -f $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -f )], $fh
  -f 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -f )], 'file'
  -f FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -f )], \*FILE
  -f _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -f )], \*_
  -f qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -f )], qq{file}
  -g $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -g )], $fh
  -g 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -g )], 'file'
  -g FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -g )], \*FILE
  -g _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -g )], \*_
  -g qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -g )], qq{file}
  -k $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -k )], $fh
  -k 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -k )], 'file'
  -k FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -k )], \*FILE
  -k _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -k )], \*_
  -k qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -k )], qq{file}
  -l $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -l )], $fh
  -l 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -l )], 'file'
  -l FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -l )], \*FILE
  -l _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -l )], \*_
  -l qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -l )], qq{file}
  -o $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -o )], $fh
  -o 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -o )], 'file'
  -o FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -o )], \*FILE
  -o _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -o )], \*_
  -o qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -o )], qq{file}
  -p $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -p )], $fh
  -p 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -p )], 'file'
  -p FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -p )], \*FILE
  -p _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -p )], \*_
  -p qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -p )], qq{file}
  -r $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -r )], $fh
  -r 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -r )], 'file'
  -r -w -f $fh                               mb::_filetest [qw( -r -w -f )], $fh
  -r -w -f 'file'                            mb::_filetest [qw( -r -w -f )], 'file'
  -r -w -f FILE                              mb::_filetest [qw( -r -w -f )], \*FILE
  -r -w -f _                                 mb::_filetest [qw( -r -w -f )], \*_
  -r -w -f qq{file}                          mb::_filetest [qw( -r -w -f )], qq{file}
  -r FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -r )], \*FILE
  -r _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -r )], \*_
  -r qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -r )], qq{file}
  -s $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -s )], $fh
  -s 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -s )], 'file'
  -s FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -s )], \*FILE
  -s _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -s )], \*_
  -s qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -s )], qq{file}
  -t $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -t )], $fh
  -t 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -t )], 'file'
  -t FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -t )], \*FILE
  -t _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -t )], \*_
  -t qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -t )], qq{file}
  -u $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -u )], $fh
  -u 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -u )], 'file'
  -u FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -u )], \*FILE
  -u _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -u )], \*_
  -u qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -u )], qq{file}
  -w $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -w )], $fh
  -w 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -w )], 'file'
  -w FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -w )], \*FILE
  -w _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -w )], \*_
  -w qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -w )], qq{file}
  -x $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -x )], $fh
  -x 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -x )], 'file'
  -x FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -x )], \*FILE
  -x _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -x )], \*_
  -x qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -x )], qq{file}
  -z $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -z )], $fh
  -z 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -z )], 'file'
  -z FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -z )], \*FILE
  -z _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -z )], \*_
  -z qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -z )], qq{file}
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Each elements in strings or regular expressions that are double-quote like are
  transpiled as follows.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  "\L\u MBCS-quotee \E\E"                    "@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<@{[mb::lc(qq< OO-quotee >)]}>)]}"
  "\U\l MBCS-quotee \E\E"                    "@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<@{[mb::uc(qq< OO-quotee >)]}>)]}"
  "\L MBCS-quotee \E"                        "@{[mb::lc(qq< OO-quotee >)]}"
  "\U MBCS-quotee \E"                        "@{[mb::uc(qq< OO-quotee >)]}"
  "\l MBCS-quotee \E"                        "@{[mb::lcfirst(qq< OO-quotee >)]}"
  "\u MBCS-quotee \E"                        "@{[mb::ucfirst(qq< OO-quotee >)]}"
  "\Q MBCS-quotee \E"                        "@{[quotemeta(qq< OO-quotee >)]}"
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Each elements in regular expressions are transpiled as follows.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software (on sjis encoding)
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  qr'.'                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|.)' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\B'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\D'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![0123456789])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\H'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\N'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?!\n)(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\R'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?>\r\n|[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\S'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\t\n\f\r\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\V'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\W'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\b'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\d'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[0123456789]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\h'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x09\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\s'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\t\n\f\r\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\v'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\w'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[\b]'                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x08])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alnum:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alpha:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:ascii:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:blank:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:cntrl:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:digit:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:graph:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:lower:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:print:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:punct:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:space:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:upper:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:word:]]'                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:xdigit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alnum:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alpha:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^ascii:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^blank:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^cntrl:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^digit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^graph:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^lower:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^print:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^punct:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^space:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^upper:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^word:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^xdigit:]]'                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/./                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_dot]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\B/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_B]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\D/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_D]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\H/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_H]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\N/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_N]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\R/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_R]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\S/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_S]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\V/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_V]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\W/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_W]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\b/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_b]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\d/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_d]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\h/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_h]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\s/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_s]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\v/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_v]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\w/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_w]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[\b]/                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[\\b])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:alnum:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:alnum:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:alpha:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:alpha:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:ascii:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:ascii:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:blank:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:blank:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:cntrl:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:cntrl:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:digit:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:digit:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:graph:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:graph:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:lower:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:lower:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:print:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:print:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:punct:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:punct:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:space:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:space:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:upper:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:upper:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:word:]]/                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:word:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:xdigit:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:xdigit:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^alnum:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^alnum:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^alpha:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^alpha:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^ascii:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^ascii:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^blank:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^blank:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^cntrl:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^cntrl:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^digit:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^digit:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^graph:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^graph:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^lower:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^lower:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^print:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^print:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^punct:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^punct:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^space:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^space:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^upper:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^upper:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^word:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^word:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^xdigit:]]/                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^xdigit:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPENDENCIES

  This mb.pm modulino requires perl5.00503 or later to use. Also requires 'strict'
  module. It requires the 'warnings' module, too if perl 5.6 or later.

BUGS Avoidable by Your Doing

You can avoid the following bugs with little hacks.

  • Special Variables $` and $& need m/( Capture All )/

    If you use the special variables $ ` or $&, you must enclose the entire regular expression in parentheses. Because $` and $& needs $1 to implement its.

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      in your script      after m//, works as                         after s///, works as
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      $`                  CORE::substr($&, 0, -CORE::length($1))      $1
      ${`}                CORE::substr($&, 0, -CORE::length($1))      $1
      $PREMATCH           CORE::substr($&, 0, -CORE::length($1))      $1
      ${^PREMATCH}        CORE::substr($&, 0, -CORE::length($1))      $1
      $&                  $1                                          CORE::substr($&, CORE::length($1))
      ${&}                $1                                          CORE::substr($&, CORE::length($1))
      $MATCH              $1                                          CORE::substr($&, CORE::length($1))
      ${^MATCH}           $1                                          CORE::substr($&, CORE::length($1))
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the past, Perl scripts with special variables $` and $& had a problem with slow execution. Both that era and today, capturing by parentheses works well.

  • character ranges by hyphen of tr///

    tr/// and y/// support ranges only US-ASCII by hyphen.

  • return value from tr///s

    tr/// (or y///) operator with /s modifier returns 1 always. If you need right number, you can use mb::tr().

      $var1 = 'AAA';
      $got = $var1 =~ tr/A/1/s; # works as $got = $var1 =~ s{[\x00-\xFF]*}{mb::tr($&,q/A/,q/1/,'sr')}e;
        BAD ==> got 1
      
      $var2 = 'BBB';
      $got = $var2 =~ tr/A/1/s; # works as $got = $var2 =~ s{[\x00-\xFF]*}{mb::tr($&,q/A/,q/1/,'sr')}e;
        BAD ==> got 1
      
      $var3 = 'AAA';
      $got = mb::tr($var3,'A','1','s'); # works as $got = mb::tr($var3,'A','1','s');
        GOOD ==> got 3
      
      Transliteration routine
      
      $return = mb::tr($MBCS_string, $searchlist, $replacementlist, $modifier);
      $return = mb::tr($MBCS_string, $searchlist, $replacementlist);
      
      This subroutine is a runtime routine to implement tr/// operator for MBCS
      codepoint. This subroutine scans an $MBCS_string by codepoint and replaces all
      occurrences of the codepoint found in $searchlist with the corresponding
      codepoint in $replacementlist. It returns the number of codepoint replaced or
      deleted except on /s modifier used.
      
      $modifier are:
      
      ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Modifier   Meaning
      ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      c          Complement $searchlist.
      d          Delete found but unreplaced characters.
      s          Squash duplicate replaced characters.
      r          Return transliteration and leave the original string untouched.
      ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
      To use with a read-only value without raising an exception, use the /r modifier.
      
      print mb::tr('bookkeeper','boep','peob','r'); # prints 'peekkoobor'
  • mb::substr as Lvalue

    If perl version is older than 5.14, mb::substr differs from CORE::substr, and cannot be used as an lvalue. To change part of a string, you need use the optional fourth argument which is the replacement string.

    mb::substr($string, 13, 4, "JPerl");

    If you use perl 5.14 or later, you can use lvalue feature.

BUGS Unavoidable, LIMITATIONS, and COMPATIBILITY

  • Limitation of Regular Expression

    This software has limitation from \G in multibyte anchoring. Only perl 5.30.0 or later can treat the codepoint string which exceeds 65534 octets with a regular expression, and only perl 5.10.1 or later can 32766 octets.

      see also,
      
      The upper limit "n" specifiable in a regular expression quantifier of the form "{m,n}" has been doubled to 65534
      https://metacpan.org/pod/release/XSAWYERX/perl-5.30.0/pod/perldelta.pod#The-upper-limit-%22n%22-specifiable-in-a-regular-expression-quantifier-of-the-form-%22%7Bm,n%7D%22-has-been-doubled-to-65534
      
      In 5.10.0, the * quantifier in patterns was sometimes treated as {0,32767}
      http://perldoc.perl.org/perl5101delta.html
      
      [perl #116379] \G can't treat over 32767 octet
      http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2013/01/msg197320.html
      
      perlre - Perl regular expressions
      http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html
      
      perlre length limit
      http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4592467/perlre-length-limit

    Everything in this world has limits. If you use perl 5.10 or later, or perl 5.30 or later, you can increase those limits. That's all.

  • chdir

    Function chdir() cannot work if path is ended by chr(0x5C).

      This problem is specific to Microsoft Windows. It is not caused by the mb.pm
      modulino or the perl interpreter.
      
      # chdir.pl
      mkdir((qw( `/ ))[0], 0777);
      print "got=", chdir((qw( `/ ))[0]), " cwd=", `cd`;
      
      C:\HOME>perl5.00503.exe chdir.pl
        GOOD ==> got=1 cwd=C:\HOME\`/
      
      C:\HOME>strawberry-perl-5.8.9.5.exe chdir.pl
        BAD ==> got=1 cwd=C:\HOME

    This is a lost technology in this century.

  • Look-behind Assertion

    The look-behind assertion like (?<=[A-Z]) or (?<![A-Z]) are not prevented from matching trail octet of the previous MBCS codepoint.

    Please give us your good hack on this.

BUGS Avoidable by Other Modules

mb.pm modulino does not support the following features. In our experience with JPerl, these features are rarely needed. Moreover, if we are going to implement these, we will need a large amount of code, and we will need to update it frequently. If we are going to implement these, it's better to implement them as other modules.

  • fc(), lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), and ucfirst()

    fc() not supported. lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), and ucfirst() support US-ASCII only.

      # suggested module name
      use mb::Casing; # supports for all MBCS, including UTF-8
      my $lc_string      = mb::Casing::lc($string);
      my $lcfirst_string = mb::Casing::lcfirst($string);
      my $uc_string      = mb::Casing::uc($string);
      my $ucfirst_string = mb::Casing::ucfirst($string);
      my $fc_string      = mb::Casing::fc($string);
  • Named Codepoint

    A named codepoint, such \N{GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON}, \N{greek:epsilon}, or \N{epsilon} is not supported.

      # suggested module name
      use mb::Charnames qw( %N ); # supports for all MBCS, including UTF-8
      print "$N{'GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON'}";
      
      # By the way, you know how great it is to be able to write MBCS literal strings in your Perl scripts, right?
  • Unicode Properties (aka Codepoint Properties) of Regular Expression

    Unicode properties (aka codepoint properties) of regexp are not available. Also (?[]) in regexp of perl 5.18 is not available. There is no plans to currently support these.

      # suggested module name
      use mb::RegExp::Properties qw( %p %P ); # supports for all MBCS, including UTF-8
      $string =~ /$p{Uppercase}/;

    This feature (\p{prop} and \P{prop}) is not stable in the Perl specification. Thus, this feature is not available in scripts that require long-term maintenance.

      For example, [:alpha:]
      at Perl 5.005   (not supported)
      at Perl 5.6     \p{IsAlpha}
      at Perl 5.12.1  \p{PosixAlpha}, and \p{Alpha}
      at Perl 5.14    \p{X_POSIX_Alpha}, \p{POSIX_Alpha}, \p{XPosixAlpha}, and \p{PosixAlpha}
  • \b{...} \B{...} Boundaries in Regular Expressions

    Following \b{...} \B{...} available starting in Perl 5.22 are not supported.

      \b{gcb} or \b{g}   Unicode "Grapheme Cluster Boundary"
      \b{sb}             Unicode "Sentence Boundary"
      \b{wb}             Unicode "Word Boundary"
      \B{gcb} or \B{g}   Unicode "Grapheme Cluster Boundary" doesn't match
      \B{sb}             Unicode "Sentence Boundary" doesn't match
      \B{wb}             Unicode "Word Boundary" doesn't match
    
      # suggested module name
      use mb::RegExp::Boundaries qw( %b %B ); # supports for all MBCS, including UTF-8
      $string =~ /$b{wb}(.+)$b{wb}/;

    This feature (\b{...} and \B{...}) considered not yet stable in the Perl specification.

Other BUGS

The following is a description of the minor incompatibilities. These are not likely to be programming constraints.

  • format

    Unlike JPerl, mb.pm modulino does not support the format feature. Because it is difficult to implement and you can write the same script in other any ways.

  • Delimiter of String and Regexp

    qq//, q//, qw//, qx//, qr//, m//, s///, tr///, and y/// can't use a wide codepoint as the delimiter. I didn't implement this feature because it's rarely needed.

  • Limitation of ?? and m??

    Multibyte character needs ( ) which is before {n,m}, {n,}, {n}, *, and + in ?? or m??. As a result, you need to rewrite a script about $1,$2,$3,... You cannot use (?: ), ?, {n,m}?, {n,}?, and {n}? in ?? and m??, because delimiter of m?? is '?'. Here's a quote words from Dan Kogai-san. "I'm just a programmer, so I can't fix the bug of the spec."

  • Empty Variable in Regular Expression

    An empty literal string as regexp means empty string. Unlike original Perl, if 'pattern' is an empty string, the last successfully matched regexp is NOT used. Similarly, empty string made by interpolated variable means empty string, too.

  • Modifier /a /d /l and /u of Regular Expression

    I have removed these modifiers to remove your headache. The concept of this software is not to use two or more encoding methods as literal string and literal of regexp in one Perl script. Therefore, modifier /a, /d, /l, and /u are not supported. \d means [0-9] universally.

  • cloister of regular expression

    The cloister (?i) and (?i:...) of a regular expression on encoding of big5, big5hkscs, gb18030, gbk, sjis, and uhc will not be implemented for the time being. I didn't implement this feature because it was difficult to implement and less necessary. If you're interested in this issue, try challenge it.

UTF8 Flag Considered Harmful, and Our Goals

Larry Wall must think that "escaping" is the best solution in this case.

P.401 See chapter 15: Unicode of ISBN 0-596-00027-8 Programming Perl Third Edition.

Before the introduction of Unicode support in perl, The eq operator just compared the byte-strings represented by two scalars. Beginning with perl 5.8, eq compares two byte-strings with simultaneous consideration of the UTF8 flag.

-- we have been taught so for a long time.

Perl is a powerful language for everyone, but UTF8 flag is a barrier for common beginners. Because everyone can only one task on one time. So calling Encode::encode() and Encode::decode() in application program is not better way. Making two scripts for information processing and encoding conversion may be better. Please trust me.

 /*
  * You are not expected to understand this.
  */
 
  Information processing model beginning with perl 5.8
 
    +----------------------+---------------------+
    |     Text strings     |                     |
    +----------+-----------|    Binary strings   |
    |  UTF-8   |  Latin-1  |                     |
    +----------+-----------+---------------------+
    | UTF8     |            Not UTF8             |
    | Flagged  |            Flagged              |
    +--------------------------------------------+
    http://perl-users.jp/articles/advent-calendar/2010/casual/4

  Confusion of Perl string model is made from double meanings of
  "Binary string."
  Meanings of "Binary string" are
  1. Non-Text string
  2. Digital octet string

  Let's draw again using those term.
 
    +----------------------+---------------------+
    |     Text strings     |                     |
    +----------+-----------|   Non-Text strings  |
    |  UTF-8   |  Latin-1  |                     |
    +----------+-----------+---------------------+
    | UTF8     |            Not UTF8             |
    | Flagged  |            Flagged              |
    +--------------------------------------------+
    |            Digital octet string            |
    +--------------------------------------------+

There are people who don't agree to change in the character string processing model at Perl 5.8. It is impossible to get agreement it from majority of Perl programmers who are not heavy users. How to solve it by returning to an original Perl, let's read page 402 of the Programming Perl, 3rd edition, again.

  Information processing model beginning with perl3 or this software
  of UNIX/C-ism.

    +--------------------------------------------+
    |    Text string as Digital octet string     |
    |    Digital octet string as Text string     |
    +--------------------------------------------+
    |       Not UTF8 Flagged, No MOJIBAKE        |
    +--------------------------------------------+

  In UNIX Everything is a File
  - In UNIX everything is a stream of bytes
  - In UNIX the filesystem is used as a universal name space

  Native Encoding Scripting
  - native encoding of file contents
  - native encoding of file name on filesystem
  - native encoding of command line
  - native encoding of environment variable
  - native encoding of API
  - native encoding of network packet
  - native encoding of database

Ideally, We'd like to achieve these five Goals:

  • Goal #1:

    Old byte-oriented programs should not spontaneously break on the old byte-oriented data they used to work on.

    This software attempts to achieve this goal by embedded functions work as traditional and stably.

  • Goal #2:

    Old byte-oriented programs should magically start working on the new character-oriented data when appropriate.

    This software is not a magician, so cannot see your mind and run it.

    You must decide and write octet semantics or codepoint semantics yourself in case by case.

    figure of Goal #1 and Goal #2.

                                   Goal #1 Goal #2
                            (a)     (b)     (c)     (d)     (e)
          +--------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
          | data         |  Old  |  Old  |  New  |  Old  |  New  |
          +--------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
          | script       |  Old  |      Old      |      New      |
          +--------------+-------+---------------+---------------+
          | interpreter  |  Old  |              New              |
          +--------------+-------+-------------------------------+
          Old --- Old byte-oriented
          New --- New codepoint-oriented

    There is a combination from (a) to (e) in data, script, and interpreter of old and new. Let's add JPerl, utf8 pragma, and this software.

                            (a)     (b)     (c)     (d)     (e)
                                          JPerl,mb        utf8
          +--------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
          | data         |  Old  |  Old  |  New  |  Old  |  New  |
          +--------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
          | script       |  Old  |      Old      |      New      |
          +--------------+-------+---------------+---------------+
          | interpreter  |  Old  |              New              |
          +--------------+-------+-------------------------------+
          Old --- Old byte-oriented
          New --- New codepoint-oriented

    The reason why JPerl is very excellent is that it is at the position of (c). That is, it is almost not necessary to write a special code to process new codepoint oriented script.

  • Goal #3:

    Programs should run just as fast in the new character-oriented mode as in the old byte-oriented mode.

    It is impossible. Because the following time is necessary.

    (1) Time of escape script for old byte-oriented perl.

    (2) Time of processing regular expression by escaped script while multibyte anchoring.

  • Goal #4:

    Perl should remain one language, rather than forking into a byte-oriented Perl and a character-oriented Perl.

    JPerl remains one Perl "language" by forking to two "interpreters." However, the Perl core team did not desire fork of the "interpreter." As a result, Perl "language" forked contrary to goal #4.

    A codepoint oriented perl is not necessary to make it specially, because a byte-oriented perl can already treat the binary data. This software is only an application program of byte-oriented Perl, a filter program.

    And you will get support from the Perl community, when you solve the problem by the Perl script.

    mb.pm modulino keeps one "language" and one "interpreter."

  • Goal #5:

    mb.pm users will be able to maintain mb.pm by Perl.

    May the mb.pm be with you, always.

Back when Programming Perl, 3rd ed. was written, UTF8 flag was not born and Perl is designed to make the easy jobs easy. This software provides programming environment like at that time.

Perl's Motto

   Some computer scientists (the reductionists, in particular) would
  like to deny it, but people have funny-shaped minds. Mental geography
  is not linear, and cannot be mapped onto a flat surface without
  severe distortion. But for the last score years or so, computer
  reductionists have been first bowing down at the Temple of Orthogonality,
  then rising up to preach their ideas of ascetic rectitude to any who
  would listen.
 
   Their fervent but misguided desire was simply to squash your mind to
  fit their mindset, to smush your patterns of thought into some sort of
  Hyperdimensional Flatland. It's a joyless existence, being smushed.
  --- Learning Perl on Win32 Systems

  If you think this is a big headache, you're right. No one likes
  this situation, but Perl does the best it can with the input and
  encodings it has to deal with. If only we could reset history and
  not make so many mistakes next time.
  --- Learning Perl 6th Edition

   The most important thing for most people to know about handling
  Unicode data in Perl, however, is that if you don't ever use any Uni-
  code data -- if none of your files are marked as UTF-8 and you don't
  use UTF-8 locales -- then you can happily pretend that you're back in
  Perl 5.005_03 land; the Unicode features will in no way interfere with
  your code unless you're explicitly using them. Sometimes the twin
  goals of embracing Unicode but not disturbing old-style byte-oriented
  scripts has led to compromise and confusion, but it's the Perl way to
  silently do the right thing, which is what Perl ends up doing.
  --- Advanced Perl Programming, 2nd Edition

AUTHOR

INABA Hitoshi <ina@cpan.org>

This project was originated by INABA Hitoshi.

LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

This software is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. See perlartistic.

This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO

 perlunicode, Encode, open, utf8, bytes, Arabic, Big5, Big5HKSCS, CP932::R2,
 CP932IBM::R2, CP932NEC::R2, CP932X::R2, Char::Arabic, Char::Big5HKSCS,
 Char::Big5Plus, Char::Cyrillic, Char::EUCJP, Char::EUCTW, Char::GB18030,
 Char::GBK, Char::Greek, Char::HP15, Char::Hebrew, Char::INFORMIXV6ALS,
 Char::JIS8, Char::KOI8R, Char::KOI8U, Char::KPS9566, Char::Latin1,
 Char::Latin10, Char::Latin2, Char::Latin3, Char::Latin4, Char::Latin5,
 Char::Latin6, Char::Latin7, Char::Latin8, Char::Latin9, Char::OldUTF8,
 Char::Sjis, Char::TIS620, Char::UHC, Char::USASCII, Char::UTF2,
 Char::Windows1252, Char::Windows1258, Cyrillic, GBK, Greek, IOas::CP932,
 IOas::CP932IBM, IOas::CP932NEC, IOas::CP932X, IOas::SJIS2004, Jacode,
 Jacode4e, Jacode4e::RoundTrip, KOI8R, KOI8U, KPS9566, KSC5601, Latin1,
 Latin10, Latin2, Latin3, Latin4, Latin5, Latin6, Latin7, Latin8, Latin9,
 Modern::Open, SJIS2004::R2, Sjis, UTF2, UTF8::R2, Windows1250, Windows1252,
 Windows1254, Windows1257, Windows1258.

 PERL PUROGURAMINGU
 Larry Wall, Randal L.Schwartz, Yoshiyuki Kondo
 December 1997
 ISBN 4-89052-384-7
 http://www.context.co.jp/~cond/books/old-books.html

 Programming Perl, Second Edition
 By Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, Randal L. Schwartz
 October 1996
 Pages: 670
 ISBN 10: 1-56592-149-6 | ISBN 13: 9781565921498
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 Announcing Perl 7
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 MODAN Perl NYUMON
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 2009/2/10
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 By Jan Goyvaerts, Steven Levithan
 May 2009
 Pages: 512
 ISBN 10:0-596-52068-9 | ISBN 13: 978-0-596-52068-7
 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/9780596520694.do

 Regular Expressions Cookbook, 2nd Edition
 By Steven Levithan, Jan Goyvaerts
 Released August 2012
 Pages: 612
 ISBN: 9781449327453
 https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/regular-expressions-cookbook/9781449327453/

 JIS KANJI JITEN
 By Kouji Shibano
 Pages: 1456
 ISBN 4-542-20129-5
 https://www.e-hon.ne.jp/bec/SA/Detail?refISBN=4542201295

 UNIX MAGAZINE
 1993 Aug
 Pages: 172
 T1008901080816 ZASSHI 08901-8

 Shell Script Magazine vol.41
 2016 September
 Pages: 64
 https://shell-mag.com/

 LINUX NIHONGO KANKYO
 By YAMAGATA Hiroo, Stephen J. Turnbull, Craig Oda, Robert J. Bickel
 June, 2000
 Pages: 376
 ISBN 4-87311-016-5
 https://www.oreilly.co.jp/books/4873110165/

 Windows NT Shell Scripting
 By Timothy Hill
 April 27, 1998
 Pages: 400
 ISBN 10: 1578700477 | ISBN 13: 9781578700479
 https://www.abebooks.com/9781578700479/Windows-NT-Scripting-Circle-Hill-1578700477/plp

 Windows(R) Command-Line Administrators Pocket Consultant, 2nd Edition
 By William R. Stanek
 February 2009
 Pages: 594
 ISBN 10: 0-7356-2262-0 | ISBN 13: 978-0-7356-2262-3
 https://www.abebooks.com/9780735622623/Windows-Command-Line-Administrators-Pocket-Consultant-0735622620/plp

 CPAN Directory INABA Hitoshi
 https://metacpan.org/author/INA
 http://backpan.cpantesters.org/authors/id/I/IN/INA/
 https://metacpan.org/release/Jacode4e-RoundTrip
 https://metacpan.org/release/Jacode4e
 https://metacpan.org/release/Jacode

 Recent Perl packages by "INABA Hitoshi"
 http://code.activestate.com/ppm/author:INABA-Hitoshi/

 Tokyo-pm archive
 https://mail.pm.org/pipermail/tokyo-pm/
 https://mail.pm.org/pipermail/tokyo-pm/1999-September/001844.html
 https://mail.pm.org/pipermail/tokyo-pm/1999-September/001854.html

 Error: Runtime exception on jperl 5.005_03
 http://www.rakunet.org/tsnet/TSperl/12/374.html
 http://www.rakunet.org/tsnet/TSperl/12/375.html
 http://www.rakunet.org/tsnet/TSperl/12/376.html
 http://www.rakunet.org/tsnet/TSperl/12/377.html
 http://www.rakunet.org/tsnet/TSperl/12/378.html
 http://www.rakunet.org/tsnet/TSperl/12/379.html
 http://www.rakunet.org/tsnet/TSperl/12/380.html
 http://www.rakunet.org/tsnet/TSperl/12/382.html

 ruby-list
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/ruby/ruby-list/index.shtml
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/2440
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/2446
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/2569
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/9427
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/9431
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/10500
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/10501
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/10502
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/12385
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/12392
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/12393
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/19156

 TANABATA - The Star Festival - common legend of east asia
 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%95
 https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%A0%EC%84%9D
 https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%95
 https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A7%90%E8%AA%95
 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%95

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This software was made referring to software and the document that the following hackers or persons had made. I am thankful to all persons.

 Larry Wall, Perl
 http://www.perl.org/

 Jesse Vincent, Compatibility is a virtue
 https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2010/05/msg159825.html

 Kazumasa Utashiro, jcode.pl: Perl library for Japanese character code conversion, Kazumasa Utashiro
 https://metacpan.org/author/UTASHIRO
 ftp://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/IIJ/dist/utashiro/perl/
 http://web.archive.org/web/20090608090304/http://srekcah.org/jcode/
 ftp://ftp.oreilly.co.jp/pcjp98/utashiro/
 http://mail.pm.org/pipermail/tokyo-pm/2002-March/001319.html
 https://twitter.com/uta46/status/11578906320

 Jeffrey E. F. Friedl, Mastering Regular Expressions
 http://regex.info/

 SADAHIRO Tomoyuki, Handling of Shift-JIS text correctly using bare Perl
 http://nomenclator.la.coocan.jp/perl/shiftjis.htm
 https://metacpan.org/author/SADAHIRO

 Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto, YAPC::Asia2006 Ruby on Perl(s)
 https://archive.org/details/YAPCAsia2006TokyoRubyonPerls

 jscripter, For jperl users
 http://text.world.coocan.jp/jperl.html

 Bruce., Unicode in Perl
 http://www.rakunet.org/tsnet/TSabc/18/546.html

 Hiroaki Izumi, Cannot use Perl5.8/5.10 on Windows ?
 https://sites.google.com/site/hiroa63iz/perlwin

 Yuki Kimoto, Is it true that cannot use Perl5.8/5.10 on Windows ?
 https://philosophy.perlzemi.com/blog/20200122080040.html

 chaichanPaPa, Matching Shift_JIS file name
 http://chaipa.hateblo.jp/entry/20080802/1217660826

 SUZUKI Norio, Jperl
 http://www.dennougedougakkai-ndd.org/alte/3tte/jperl-5.005_03@ap522/homepage2.nifty.com..kipp..perl..jperl..index.html

 WATANABE Hirofumi, Jperl
 https://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/jperl/
 https://metacpan.org/author/WATANABE
 ftp://ftp.oreilly.co.jp/pcjp98/watanabe/jperlconf.ppt

 Chuck Houpt, Michiko Nozu, MacJPerl
 https://habilis.net/macjperl/index.j.html

 Kenichi Ishigaki, 31st about encoding; To JPerl users as old men
 https://gihyo.jp/dev/serial/01/modern-perl/0031

 Fuji, Goro (gfx), Perl Hackers Hub No.16
 http://gihyo.jp/dev/serial/01/perl-hackers-hub/001602

 Dan Kogai, Encode module
 https://metacpan.org/release/Encode
 https://archive.org/details/YAPCAsia2006TokyoPerl58andUnicodeMythsFactsandChanges
 http://yapc.g.hatena.ne.jp/jkondo/

 Takahashi Masatuyo, JPerl Wiki
 https://jperl.fandom.com/ja/wiki/JPerl_Wiki

 Juerd, Perl Unicode Advice
 https://juerd.nl/site.plp/perluniadvice

 daily dayflower, 2008-06-25 perluniadvice
 https://dayflower.hatenablog.com/entry/20080625/1214374293

 Unicode issues in Perl
 https://www.i-programmer.info/programming/other-languages/1973-unicode-issues-in-perl.html

 numa's Diary: CSI and UCS Normalization
 https://srad.jp/~numa/journal/580177/

 Unicode Processing on Windows with Perl
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344850.html
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344851.html
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344852.html
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344853.html
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344854.html
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344855.html
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344856.html

 Kaoru Maeda, Perl's history Perl 1,2,3,4
 https://www.slideshare.net/KaoruMaeda/perl-perl-1234

 nurse, What is "string"
 https://naruse.hateblo.jp/entries/2014/11/07#1415355181

 NISHIO Hirokazu, What's meant "string as a sequence of characters"?
 https://nishiohirokazu.hatenadiary.org/entry/20141107/1415286729

 Rick Yamashita, Shift_JIS
 https://shino.tumblr.com/post/116166805/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E8%89%AF%E8%94%B5%E3%81%A8%E7%94%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-%E7%A7%81%E3%81%AF1981%E5%B9%B4%E5%BD%93%E6%99%82us%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88%E3%81%A7%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95%E3%83%88jis%E3%81%AE%E3%83%87%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%92%E6%8B%85%E5%BD%93
 http://www.wdic.org/w/WDIC/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95%E3%83%88JIS

 nurse, History of Japanese EUC 22:00
 https://naruse.hateblo.jp/entries/2009/03/08

 Mike Whitaker, Perl And Unicode
 https://www.slideshare.net/Penfold/perl-and-unicode

 Ricardo Signes, Perl 5.14 for Pragmatists
 https://www.slideshare.net/rjbs/perl-514-8809465

 Ricardo Signes, What's New in Perl? v5.10 - v5.16 #'
 https://www.slideshare.net/rjbs/whats-new-in-perl-v510-v516

 YAP(achimon)C::Asia Hachioji 2016 mid in Shinagawa
 Kenichi Ishigaki (@charsbar) July 3, 2016 YAP(achimon)C::Asia Hachioji 2016mid
 https://www.slideshare.net/charsbar/cpan-63708689

 Causes and countermeasures for garbled Japanese characters in perl
 https://prozorec.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/03/19/080000

 Perl regular expression bug?
 http://moriyoshi.hatenablog.com/entry/20090315/1237103809
 http://moriyoshi.hatenablog.com/entry/20090320/1237562075

 Impressions of talking of Larry Wall at LL Future
 https://hnw.hatenablog.com/entry/20080903

 About Windows and Japanese text
 https://blogs.windows.com/japan/2020/02/20/about-windows-and-japanese-text/

 About Windows diagnostic data
 https://blogs.windows.com/japan/2019/12/05/about-windows-diagnostic-data/