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Math-PlanePath-78
River stage one • 3 direct dependents • 4 total dependents
2 ++
/ Math::PlanePath::KochelCurve

NAME

Math::PlanePath::KochelCurve -- 3x3 self-similar R and F

SYNOPSIS

 use Math::PlanePath::KochelCurve;
 my $path = Math::PlanePath::KochelCurve->new;
 my ($x, $y) = $path->n_to_xy (123);

DESCRIPTION

This is an integer version of the Kochel curve by Herman Haverkort. It fills the first quadrant in a 3x3 self-similar pattern made from two base shapes.

            |
      8    80--79  72--71--70--69  60--59--58
                |   |           |   |       |
      7    77--78  73  66--67--68  61  56--57
            |       |   |           |   |
      6    76--75--74  65--64--63--62  55--54
                                            |
      5    11--12  17--18--19--20  47--48  53
            |   |   |           |   |   |   |
      4    10  13  16  25--24  21  46  49  52
            |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
      3     9  14--15  26  23--22  45  50--51
            |           |           |
      2     8-- 7-- 6  27--28--29  44--43--42
                    |           |           |
      1     1-- 2   5  32--31--30  37--38  41
            |   |   |   |           |   |   |
    Y=0->   0   3-- 4  33--34--35--36  39--40

            X=0  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12  13  14

The base shapes are an "R" and an "F". The R goes along an edge, the F goes diagonally across.

          R pattern                      F pattern   ^
    +------+-----+-----+           +------+-----+----|+
    |    | | \   | 4   |           |    | | \   |    ||
    |  R | |  F  |   R |           |  R | |  F  |  R ||
    | 2  | | 3 \ |-----|           | 2  | | 2 \ | 8  ||
    +------+-----+-----+           +------+-----+-----+
    |   /  |  6  | 5 / |           |   /  | 4 / |   / |
    |  F 1 | Rrev|  F  |           |  F   |  F  |  F  |
    | /    |-----| /   |           | / 1  | /   | / 7 |
    +------+-----+-----+           +------+-----+-----+
    | |  0 | \ 7 |   8 |           | | 0  | \ 5 ||    |
    | |Rrev|  F  |  R  |           | |Rrev|  F  ||Rrev|
    | o    |   \ |------>          | o    |   \ || 6  |
    +------+-----+-----+           +------+-----+-----+

"Rrev" means the R pattern followed in reverse, which is

    +------+-----+-----+ 
    | <----| \ 7 |   6 |    Rrev pattern
    |   R  |  F  | Rrev|
    |  8   |   \ |-----|    turned -90 degrees
    +------+-----+-----+    so as to start at
    |   /  ||    |   / |    bottom left 
    |  F   || R  |  F  | 
    | / 1  || 2  | / 5 | 
    +------+-----+-----+ 
    | | 0  | \ 3 ||    | 
    | |Rrev|  F  ||Rrev| 
    | o    |   \ ||  4 | 
    +------+-----+-----+

The F pattern is symmetric, the same forward or reverse, including its sub-parts taken in reverse, so there's no separate "Frev" pattern.

The initial N=0 to N=8 is the Rrev turned -90, then N=9 to N=17 is the F shape. The next higher level N=0,N=9,N=18 to N=72 is the Rrev too, as is any N=9^k to N=8*9^k.

Fractal

The curve is conceived by Haverkort for filling a unit square by descending into ever-smaller replacements, like other space-filling curves. For that the top-level can be any of the patterns. To descend any of the shapes can be used for the start, but for the outward expanding version here the starting pattern must occur at the start of its next higher level, which means Rrev is the only choice as it's the only start in any of the three patterns.

But all the patterns can be found in the path at any desired size. For example the "1" part of Rrev is an F, which means F to a desired level can be found at

    NFstart = 1 * 9^level
    NFlast = NFstart + 9^level - 1
           = 2 * 9^level - 1
    XFstart = 3^level
    YFstart = 0

level=3 for N=729 to N=1457 is a 27x27 which is the level-three F shown in Haverkort's paper, starting at XFstart=27,YFstart=0.

FUNCTIONS

See "FUNCTIONS" in Math::PlanePath for behaviour common to all path classes.

$path = Math::PlanePath::KochelCurve->new ()

Create and return a new path object.

($x,$y) = $path->n_to_xy ($n)

Return the X,Y coordinates of point number $n on the path. Points begin at 0 and if $n < 0 then the return is an empty list.

SEE ALSO

Math::PlanePath, Math::PlanePath::PeanoCurve, Math::PlanePath::WunderlichMeander

Herman Haverkort, "Recursive Tilings and Space-Filling Curves with Little Fragmentation", Journal of Computational Geometry, 2(1), 92-127, 2011.

    http://jocg.org/index.php/jocg/article/view/68
    http://jocg.org/index.php/jocg/article/download/68/20
    http://arxiv.org/abs/1002.1843

    http://alexandria.tue.nl/openaccess/Metis239505.pdf
    (slides)
    http://www.win.tue.nl/~hermanh/stack/h-rtslf-eurocg2010-talk.pdf
    (short form)

HOME PAGE

http://user42.tuxfamily.org/math-planepath/index.html

LICENSE

Copyright 2011, 2012 Kevin Ryde

This file is part of Math-PlanePath.

Math-PlanePath is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.

Math-PlanePath is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Math-PlanePath. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.