Math::PlanePath::KochelCurve -- 3x3 self-similar R and F
use Math::PlanePath::KochelCurve; my $path = Math::PlanePath::KochelCurve->new; my ($x, $y) = $path->n_to_xy (123);
This is an integer version of the Kochel curve by Herman Haverkort. It fills the first quadrant in a 3x3 self-similar pattern made from two base shapes.
| 8 80--79 72--71--70--69 60--59--58 | | | | | 7 77--78 73 66--67--68 61 56--57 | | | | | 6 76--75--74 65--64--63--62 55--54 | 5 11--12 17--18--19--20 47--48 53 | | | | | | | 4 10 13 16 25--24 21 46 49 52 | | | | | | | | | 3 9 14--15 26 23--22 45 50--51 | | | 2 8-- 7-- 6 27--28--29 44--43--42 | | | 1 1-- 2 5 32--31--30 37--38 41 | | | | | | | Y=0-> 0 3-- 4 33--34--35--36 39--40 X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
The base shapes are an "R" and an "F". The R goes along an edge, the F goes diagonally across.
R pattern F pattern ^ +------+-----+-----+ +------+-----+----|+ | | | \ | 4 | | | | \ | || | R | | F | R | | R | | F | R || | 2 | | 3 \ |-----| | 2 | | 2 \ | 8 || +------+-----+-----+ +------+-----+-----+ | / | 6 | 5 / | | / | 4 / | / | | F 1 | Rrev| F | | F | F | F | | / |-----| / | | / 1 | / | / 7 | +------+-----+-----+ +------+-----+-----+ | | 0 | \ 7 | 8 | | | 0 | \ 5 || | | |Rrev| F | R | | |Rrev| F ||Rrev| | o | \ |------> | o | \ || 6 | +------+-----+-----+ +------+-----+-----+
"Rrev" means the R pattern followed in reverse, which is
+------+-----+-----+ | <----| \ 7 | 6 | Rrev pattern | R | F | Rrev| | 8 | \ |-----| turned -90 degrees +------+-----+-----+ so as to start at | / || | / | bottom left | F || R | F | | / 1 || 2 | / 5 | +------+-----+-----+ | | 0 | \ 3 || | | |Rrev| F ||Rrev| | o | \ || 4 | +------+-----+-----+
The F pattern is symmetric, the same forward or reverse, including its sub-parts taken in reverse, so there's no separate "Frev" pattern.
The initial N=0 to N=8 is the Rrev turned -90, then N=9 to N=17 is the F shape. The next higher level N=0,N=9,N=18 to N=72 is the Rrev too, as is any N=9^k to N=8*9^k.
The curve is conceived by Haverkort for filling a unit square by descending into ever-smaller replacements, like other space-filling curves. For that the top-level can be any of the patterns. To descend any of the shapes can be used for the start, but for the outward expanding version here the starting pattern must occur at the start of its next higher level, which means Rrev is the only choice as it's the only start in any of the three patterns.
But all the patterns can be found in the path at any desired size. For example the "1" part of Rrev is an F, which means F to a desired level can be found at
NFstart = 1 * 9^level NFlast = NFstart + 9^level - 1 = 2 * 9^level - 1 XFstart = 3^level YFstart = 0
level=3 for N=729 to N=1457 is a 27x27 which is the level-three F shown in Haverkort's paper, starting at XFstart=27,YFstart=0.
See "FUNCTIONS" in Math::PlanePath for behaviour common to all path classes.
$path = Math::PlanePath::KochelCurve->new ()
Create and return a new path object.
($x,$y) = $path->n_to_xy ($n)
Return the X,Y coordinates of point number $n on the path. Points begin at 0 and if $n < 0 then the return is an empty list.
$n
$n < 0
Math::PlanePath, Math::PlanePath::PeanoCurve, Math::PlanePath::WunderlichMeander
Herman Haverkort, "Recursive Tilings and Space-Filling Curves with Little Fragmentation", Journal of Computational Geometry, 2(1), 92-127, 2011.
http://jocg.org/index.php/jocg/article/view/68 http://jocg.org/index.php/jocg/article/download/68/20 http://arxiv.org/abs/1002.1843 http://alexandria.tue.nl/openaccess/Metis239505.pdf (slides) http://www.win.tue.nl/~hermanh/stack/h-rtslf-eurocg2010-talk.pdf (short form)
http://user42.tuxfamily.org/math-planepath/index.html
Copyright 2011, 2012 Kevin Ryde
This file is part of Math-PlanePath.
Math-PlanePath is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
Math-PlanePath is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
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To install Math::PlanePath, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm Math::PlanePath
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install Math::PlanePath
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.