NAME

Unicode::Collate::Locale - Linguistic tailoring for DUCET via Unicode::Collate

SYNOPSIS

  use Unicode::Collate::Locale;

  #construct
  $Collator = Unicode::Collate::Locale->
      new(locale => $locale_name, %tailoring);

  #sort
  @sorted = $Collator->sort(@not_sorted);

  #compare
  $result = $Collator->cmp($a, $b); # returns 1, 0, or -1.

Note: Strings in @not_sorted, $a and $b are interpreted according to Perl's Unicode support. See perlunicode, perluniintro, perlunitut, perlunifaq, utf8. Otherwise you can use preprocess (cf. Unicode::Collate) or should decode them before.

DESCRIPTION

This module provides linguistic tailoring for it taking advantage of Unicode::Collate.

Constructor

The new method returns a collator object.

A parameter list for the constructor is a hash, which can include a special key locale and its value (case-insensitive) standing for a Unicode base language code (two or three-letter). For example, Unicode::Collate::Locale->new(locale => 'FR') returns a collator tailored for French.

$locale_name may be suffixed with a Unicode script code (four-letter), a Unicode region code, a Unicode language variant code. These codes are case-insensitive, and separated with '_' or '-'. E.g. en_US for English in USA, az_Cyrl for Azerbaijani in the Cyrillic script, es_ES_traditional for Spanish in Spain (Traditional).

If $locale_name is not available, fallback is selected in the following order:

    1. language with a variant code
    2. language with a script code
    3. language with a region code
    4. language
    5. default

Tailoring tags provided by Unicode::Collate are allowed as long as they are not used for locale support. Esp. the table tag is always untailorable, since it is reserved for DUCET.

However entry is allowed, even if it is used for locale support, to add or override mappings.

E.g. a collator for French, which ignores diacritics and case difference (i.e. level 1), with reversed case ordering and no normalization.

    Unicode::Collate::Locale->new(
        level => 1,
        locale => 'fr',
        upper_before_lower => 1,
        normalization => undef
    )

Overriding a behavior already tailored by locale is disallowed if such a tailoring is passed to new().

    Unicode::Collate::Locale->new(
        locale => 'da',
        upper_before_lower => 0, # causes error as reserved by 'da'
    )

However change() inherited from Unicode::Collate allows such a tailoring that is reserved by locale. Examples:

    new(locale => 'ca')->change(backwards => undef)
    new(locale => 'da')->change(upper_before_lower => 0)
    new(locale => 'ja')->change(overrideCJK => undef)

Methods

Unicode::Collate::Locale is a subclass of Unicode::Collate and methods other than new are inherited from Unicode::Collate.

Here is a list of additional methods:

$Collator->getlocale

Returns a language code accepted and used actually on collation. If linguistic tailoring is not provided for a language code you passed (intensionally for some languages, or due to the incomplete implementation), this method returns a string 'default' meaning no special tailoring.

$Collator->locale_version

(Since Unicode::Collate::Locale 0.87) Returns the version number (perhaps /\d\.\d\d/) of the locale, as that of Locale/*.pl.

Note: Locale/*.pl that a collator uses should be identified by a combination of return values from getlocale and locale_version.

A list of tailorable locales

      locale name       description
    --------------------------------------------------------------
      af                Afrikaans
      ar                Arabic
      as                Assamese
      az                Azerbaijani (Azeri)
      be                Belarusian
      bg                Bulgarian
      bn                Bengali
      bs                Bosnian
      bs_Cyrl           Bosnian in Cyrillic (tailored as Serbian)
      ca                Catalan
      cs                Czech
      cy                Welsh
      da                Danish
      de__phonebook     German (umlaut as 'ae', 'oe', 'ue')
      ee                Ewe
      eo                Esperanto
      es                Spanish
      es__traditional   Spanish ('ch' and 'll' as a grapheme)
      et                Estonian
      fa                Persian
      fi                Finnish (v and w are primary equal)
      fi__phonebook     Finnish (v and w as separate characters)
      fil               Filipino
      fo                Faroese
      fr                French
      gu                Gujarati
      ha                Hausa
      haw               Hawaiian
      hi                Hindi
      hr                Croatian
      hu                Hungarian
      hy                Armenian
      ig                Igbo
      is                Icelandic
      ja                Japanese [1]
      kk                Kazakh
      kl                Kalaallisut
      kn                Kannada
      ko                Korean [2]
      kok               Konkani
      ln                Lingala
      lt                Lithuanian
      lv                Latvian
      mk                Macedonian
      ml                Malayalam
      mr                Marathi
      mt                Maltese
      nb                Norwegian Bokmal
      nn                Norwegian Nynorsk
      nso               Northern Sotho
      om                Oromo
      or                Oriya
      pa                Punjabi
      pl                Polish
      ro                Romanian
      ru                Russian
      sa                Sanskrit
      se                Northern Sami
      si                Sinhala
      si__dictionary    Sinhala (U+0DA5 = U+0DA2,0DCA,0DA4)
      sk                Slovak
      sl                Slovenian
      sq                Albanian
      sr                Serbian
      sr_Latn           Serbian in Latin (tailored as Croatian)
      sv                Swedish (v and w are primary equal)
      sv__reformed      Swedish (v and w as separate characters)
      ta                Tamil
      te                Telugu
      th                Thai
      tn                Tswana
      to                Tonga
      tr                Turkish
      ug_Cyrl           Uyghur in Cyrillic
      uk                Ukrainian
      ur                Urdu
      vi                Vietnamese
      wae               Walser
      wo                Wolof
      yo                Yoruba
      zh                Chinese
      zh__big5han       Chinese (ideographs: big5 order)
      zh__gb2312han     Chinese (ideographs: GB-2312 order)
      zh__pinyin        Chinese (ideographs: pinyin order) [3]
      zh__stroke        Chinese (ideographs: stroke order) [3]
      zh__zhuyin        Chinese (ideographs: zhuyin order) [3]
    --------------------------------------------------------------

Locales according to the default UCA rules include chr (Cherokee), de (German), en (English), ga (Irish), id (Indonesian), it (Italian), ka (Georgian), mn (Mongolian), ms (Malay), nl (Dutch), pt (Portuguese), sw (Swahili), zu (Zulu).

Note

[1] ja: Ideographs are sorted in JIS X 0208 order. Fullwidth and halfwidth forms are identical to their regular form. The difference between hiragana and katakana is at the 4th level, the comparison also requires (variable => 'Non-ignorable'), and then katakana_before_hiragana has no effect.

[2] ko: Plenty of ideographs are sorted by their reading. Such an ideograph is primary (level 1) equal to, and secondary (level 2) greater than, the corresponding hangul syllable.

[3] zh__pinyin, zh__stroke and zh__zhuyin: implemented alt='short', where a smaller number of ideographs are tailored.

Note: 'pinyin' is in latin, 'zhuyin' is in bopomofo.

INSTALL

Installation of Unicode::Collate::Locale requires Collate/Locale.pm, Collate/Locale/*.pm, Collate/CJK/*.pm and Collate/allkeys.txt. On building, Unicode::Collate::Locale doesn't require any of data/*.txt, gendata/*, and mklocale. Tests for Unicode::Collate::Locale are named t/loc_*.t.

CAVEAT

tailoring is not maximum: Even if a certain letter is tailored, its equivalent would not always tailored as well as it. For example, even though W is tailored, fullwidth W (U+FF37), W with acute (U+1E82), etc. are not tailored. The result may depend on whether source strings are normalized or not, and whether decomposed or composed. Thus (normalization => undef) is less preferred.

Reference

      locale            based CLDR or other reference
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
      af                22.1 = 1.8.1
      ar                22.1 = 1.9.0
      as                22.1 = 1.8.1
      az                22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
      be                22.1 = 1.9.0
      bg                22.1 = 1.9.0
      bn                22.1 = 2.0.1 (type="standard")
      bs                22.1 = 1.9.0 (alias source="hr")
      bs_Cyrl           22.1 = 22    (alias source="sr")
      ca                22.1 = 1.8.1 (alt="proposed" type="standard")
      cs                22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
      cy                22.1 = 1.8.1
      da                22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
      de__phonebook     22.1 = 2.0   (type="phonebook")
      ee                22.1 = 22
      eo                22.1 = 1.8.1
      es                22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
      es__traditional   22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="traditional")
      et                22.1 = 1.8.1
      fa                22.1 = 1.8.1
      fi                22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard" alt="proposed")
      fi__phonebook     22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="phonebook")
      fil               22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard") = 1.8.1
      fo                22.1 = 1.8.1 (alt="proposed" type="standard")
      fr                22.1 = 1.9.0 (fr_CA, backwards="on")
      gu                22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
      ha                22.1 = 1.9.0
      haw               22.1 = 1.8.1
      hi                22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
      hr                22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
      hu                22.1 = 1.8.1 (alt="proposed" type="standard")
      hy                22.1 = 1.8.1
      ig                22.1 = 1.8.1
      is                22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
      ja                22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
      kk                22.1 = 1.9.0
      kl                22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
      kn                22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
      ko                22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
      kok               22.1 = 1.8.1
      ln                22.1 = 2.0   (type="standard") = 1.8.1
      lt                22.1 = 1.9.0
      lv                22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard") = 1.8.1
      mk                22.1 = 1.9.0
      ml                22.1 = 1.9.0
      mr                22.1 = 1.8.1
      mt                22.1 = 1.9.0
      nb                22.1 = 2.0   (type="standard")
      nn                22.1 = 2.0   (type="standard")
      nso               22.1 = 1.8.1
      om                22.1 = 1.8.1
      or                22.1 = 1.9.0
      pa                22.1 = 1.8.1
      pl                22.1 = 1.8.1
      ro                22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
      ru                22.1 = 1.9.0
      sa                1.9.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard" alt="proposed")
                                      [now in /seed]
      se                22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
      si                22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
      si__dictionary    22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="dictionary")
      sk                22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
      sl                22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard" alt="proposed")
      sq                22.1 = 1.8.1 (alt="proposed" type="standard")
      sr                22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
      sr_Latn           22.1 = 1.8.1 (alias source="hr")
      sv                22.1 = 1.9.0 (type="standard")
      sv__reformed      22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="reformed")
      ta                22.1 = 1.9.0
      te                22.1 = 1.9.0
      th                22.1 = 22
      tn                22.1 = 1.8.1
      to                22.1 = 22
      tr                22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
      uk                22.1 = 21
      ug_Cyrl           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet
      ur                22.1 = 1.9.0
      vi                22.1 = 1.8.1
      wae               22.1 = 2.0
      wo                1.9.1 = 1.8.1 [now in /seed]
      yo                22.1 = 1.8.1
      zh                22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="standard")
      zh__big5han       22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="big5han")
      zh__gb2312han     22.1 = 1.8.1 (type="gb2312han")
      zh__pinyin        22.1 = 2.0   (type='pinyin' alt='short')
      zh__stroke        22.1 = 1.9.1 (type='stroke' alt='short')
      zh__zhuyin        22.1 = 22    (type='zhuyin' alt='short')
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

AUTHOR

This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

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