mod_perl Coding Style Guide
This document explains the coding style used in the core mod_perl development and which should be followed by all core developers.
We try hard to code mod_perl using an identical style. Because everyone in the team should be able to read and understand the code as quickly and easily as possible. Some will have to adjust their habits for the benefit of all.
C code
mod_perl's C code follows the Apache style guide: http://dev.apache.org/styleguide.html
XS code
C code inside XS modules also follows the Apache style guide.
Perl code
mod_perl's Perl code also follows the Apache style guide, in terms of indentation, braces, etc. Style issues not covered by Apache style of guide should be looked up in the perlstyle manpage.
Here are the rough guidelines with more stress on the Perl coding style.
Do use 4 characters indentation.
Do NOT use tabs.
Here is how to setup your editor to do the right thing:
x?emacs: cperl-mode
.xemacs/custom.el: ------------------ (custom-set-variables '(cperl-indent-level 4) '(cperl-continued-statement-offset 4) '(cperl-tab-always-indent t) '(indent-tabs-mode nil) )
vim
.vimrc: ------- set expandtab " replaces any tab keypress with the appropriate number of spaces set tabstop=4 " sets tabs to 4 spaces
Do use a style similar to K&R style, not the same. The following example is the best guide:
Do:
sub foo { my ($self, $cond, $baz, $taz) = @_; if ($cond) { bar(); } else { $self->foo("one", 2, "..."); } return $self; }
Don't:
sub foo { my ($self,$bar,$baz,$taz)=@_; if( $cond ) { &bar(); } else { $self->foo ("one",2,"..."); } return $self; }
Whenever you create a list or an array, always add a comma after the last item. The reason for doing this is that it's highly probable that new items will be appended to the end of the list in the future. If the comma is missing and this isn't noticed, there will be an error.
my @list = ( "item1", "item2", "item3", );
my @list = ( "item1", "item2", "item3" );
The same goes for ; in the last statement of the block. Almost always add it even if it's not required, so when you add a new statement you don't have to remember to add ; on a previous line.
;
sub foo { statement1; statement2; statement3; }
sub foo { statement1; statement2; statement3 }
The prefix for mod_perl C API functions.
The prefix for mod_perl C macros.
The prefix for mod_perl XS utility functions.
The prefix for mod_perl generated XS utility functions.
The prefix for mod_perl XSUBs with an XS() prototype.
The following are the Perl coding guidelines:
See Devel::SawAmpersand's README that explains the evilness. Under mod_perl everybody suffers when one is seen anywhere since the interpreter is never shutdown.
Devel::SawAmpersand
Avoid too much exporting/importing (glob aliases eat up memory)
When you do wish to import from a module try to use an explicit list or tag whenever possible, e.g.:
use POSIX qw(strftime);
When you do not wish to import from a module, always use an empty list to avoid any import, e.g.:
use IO::File ();
(explain how to use Apache2::Status to find imported/exported functions)
Avoid indirect method calls, e.g.
CGI::Cookie->new
new CGI::Cookie
Exporter. To avoid inheriting AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD
*import = \&Exporter::import;
@MyClass::ISA = qw(Exporter);
stay away from main:: to avoid namespace clashes
main::
Avoid using $_ in loops unless it's a short loop and you don't call any subs from within the loop. If the loop started as short and then started to grow make sure to remove the use of $_:
$_
for my $idx (1..100) { ....more than few lines... foo($idx); .... }
for (1..100) { ....more than a few statements... foo(); .... }
Because foo() might change $_ if foo()'s author didn't localize $_.
This is OK:
for (1..100) { .... a few statements with no subs called # do something with $_ .... }
Maintainer is the person(s) you should contact with updates, corrections and patches.
Stas Bekman [http://stason.org/]
Doug MacEachern<dougm (at) covalent.net>
Only the major authors are listed above. For contributors see the Changes file.
To install mod_perl2, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm mod_perl2
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install mod_perl2
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.