NAME

Mojo::DOM - Minimalistic HTML/XML DOM parser with CSS selectors

SYNOPSIS

  use Mojo::DOM;

  # Parse
  my $dom = Mojo::DOM->new('<div><p id="a">A</p><p id="b">B</p></div>');

  # Find
  say $dom->at('#b')->text;
  say $dom->find('p')->pluck('text');

  # Walk
  say $dom->div->p->[0]->text;
  say $dom->div->children('p')->first->{id};

  # Iterate
  $dom->find('p[id]')->each(sub { say shift->{id} });

  # Loop
  for my $e ($dom->find('p[id]')->each) {
    say $e->text;
  }

  # Modify
  $dom->div->p->[1]->append('<p id="c">C</p>');

  # Render
  say $dom;

DESCRIPTION

Mojo::DOM is a minimalistic and relaxed HTML/XML DOM parser with CSS selector support. It will even try to interpret broken XML, so you should not use it for validation.

CASE SENSITIVITY

Mojo::DOM defaults to HTML semantics, that means all tags and attributes are lowercased and selectors need to be lower case as well.

  my $dom = Mojo::DOM->new('<P ID="greeting">Hi!</P>');
  say $dom->at('p')->text;
  say $dom->p->{id};

If XML processing instructions are found, the parser will automatically switch into XML mode and everything becomes case sensitive.

  my $dom = Mojo::DOM->new('<?xml version="1.0"?><P ID="greeting">Hi!</P>');
  say $dom->at('P')->text;
  say $dom->P->{ID};

XML detection can also be disabled with the xml method.

  # Force XML semantics
  $dom->xml(1);

  # Force HTML semantics
  $dom->xml(0);

METHODS

Mojo::DOM inherits all methods from Mojo::Base and implements the following new ones.

new

  my $dom = Mojo::DOM->new;
  my $dom = Mojo::DOM->new('<foo bar="baz">test</foo>');

Construct a new array-based Mojo::DOM object and parse HTML/XML document if necessary.

all_text

  my $trimmed   = $dom->all_text;
  my $untrimmed = $dom->all_text(0);

Extract all text content from DOM structure, smart whitespace trimming is enabled by default.

  # "foo bar baz"
  $dom->parse("<div>foo\n<p>bar</p>baz\n</div>")->div->all_text;

  # "foo\nbarbaz\n"
  $dom->parse("<div>foo\n<p>bar</p>baz\n</div>")->div->all_text(0);

append

  $dom = $dom->append('<p>Hi!</p>');

Append to element.

  # "<div><h1>A</h1><h2>B</h2></div>"
  $dom->parse('<div><h1>A</h1></div>')->at('h1')->append('<h2>B</h2>')->root;

append_content

  $dom = $dom->append_content('<p>Hi!</p>');

Append to element content.

  # "<div><h1>AB</h1></div>"
  $dom->parse('<div><h1>A</h1></div>')->at('h1')->append_content('B')->root;

at

  my $result = $dom->at('html title');

Find first element matching the CSS selector and return it as a Mojo::DOM object or return undef if none could be found. All selectors from Mojo::DOM::CSS are supported.

  # Find first element with "svg" namespace definition
  my $namespace = $dom->at('[xmlns\:svg]')->{'xmlns:svg'};

attrs

  my $attrs = $dom->attrs;
  my $foo   = $dom->attrs('foo');
  $dom      = $dom->attrs({foo => 'bar'});
  $dom      = $dom->attrs(foo => 'bar');

Element attributes.

charset

  my $charset = $dom->charset;
  $dom        = $dom->charset('UTF-8');

Charset used for decoding and encoding HTML/XML.

children

  my $collection = $dom->children;
  my $collection = $dom->children('div');

Return a Mojo::Collection object containing the children of this element as Mojo::DOM objects, similar to find.

  # Show type of random child element
  say $dom->children->shuffle->first->type;

content_xml

  my $xml = $dom->content_xml;

Render content of this element to XML. Note that the XML will be encoded if a charset has been defined.

  # "<b>test</b>"
  $dom->parse('<div><b>test</b></div>')->div->content_xml;

find

  my $collection = $dom->find('html title');

Find all elements matching the CSS selector and return a Mojo::Collection object containing these elements as Mojo::DOM objects. All selectors from Mojo::DOM::CSS are supported.

  # Find a specific element and extract information
  my $id = $dom->find('div')->[23]{id};

  # Extract information from multiple elements
  my @headers = $dom->find('h1, h2, h3')->pluck('text')->each;

namespace

  my $namespace = $dom->namespace;

Find element namespace.

  # Find namespace for an element with namespace prefix
  my $namespace = $dom->at('svg > svg\:circle')->namespace;

  # Find namespace for an element that may or may not have a namespace prefix
  my $namespace = $dom->at('svg > circle')->namespace;

  my $sibling = $dom->next;

Return Mojo::DOM object for next sibling of element or undef if there are no more siblings.

  # "<h2>B</h2>"
  $dom->parse('<div><h1>A</h1><h2>B</h2></div>')->at('h1')->next;

parent

  my $parent = $dom->parent;

Return Mojo::DOM object for parent of element or undef if this element has no parent.

parse

  $dom = $dom->parse('<foo bar="baz">test</foo>');

Parse HTML/XML document with Mojo::DOM::HTML.

  # Parse UTF-8 encoded XML
  my $dom = Mojo::DOM->new->charset('UTF-8')->xml(1)->parse($xml);

prepend

  $dom = $dom->prepend('<p>Hi!</p>');

Prepend to element.

  # "<div><h1>A</h1><h2>B</h2></div>"
  $dom->parse('<div><h2>B</h2></div>')->at('h2')->prepend('<h1>A</h1>')->root;

prepend_content

  $dom = $dom->prepend_content('<p>Hi!</p>');

Prepend to element content.

  # "<div><h2>AB</h2></div>"
  $dom->parse('<div><h2>B</h2></div>')->at('h2')->prepend_content('A')->root;

  my $sibling = $dom->previous;

Return Mojo::DOM object for previous sibling of element or undef if there are no more siblings.

  # "<h1>A</h1>"
  $dom->parse('<div><h1>A</h1><h2>B</h2></div>')->at('h2')->previous;

remove

  my $old = $dom->remove;

Remove element and return it as a Mojo::DOM object.

  # "<div></div>"
  $dom->parse('<div><h1>A</h1></div>')->at('h1')->remove->root;

replace

  my $old = $dom->replace('<div>test</div>');

Replace element and return the replaced element as a Mojo::DOM object.

  # "<div><h2>B</h2></div>"
  $dom->parse('<div><h1>A</h1></div>')->at('h1')->replace('<h2>B</h2>')->root;

  # "<div></div>"
  $dom->parse('<div><h1>A</h1></div>')->at('h1')->replace('')->root;

replace_content

  $dom = $dom->replace_content('test');

Replace element content.

  # "<div><h1>B</h1></div>"
  $dom->parse('<div><h1>A</h1></div>')->at('h1')->replace_content('B')->root;

  # "<div><h1></h1></div>"
  $dom->parse('<div><h1>A</h1></div>')->at('h1')->replace_content('')->root;

root

  my $root = $dom->root;

Return Mojo::DOM object for root node.

text

  my $trimmed   = $dom->text;
  my $untrimmed = $dom->text(0);

Extract text content from element only (not including child elements), smart whitespace trimming is enabled by default.

  # "foo baz"
  $dom->parse("<div>foo\n<p>bar</p>baz\n</div>")->div->text;

  # "foo\nbaz\n"
  $dom->parse("<div>foo\n<p>bar</p>baz\n</div>")->div->text(0);

text_after

  my $trimmed   = $dom->text_after;
  my $untrimmed = $dom->text_after(0);

Extract text content immediately following element, smart whitespace trimming is enabled by default.

  # "baz"
  $dom->parse("<div>foo\n<p>bar</p>baz\n</div>")->div->p->text_after;

  # "baz\n"
  $dom->parse("<div>foo\n<p>bar</p>baz\n</div>")->div->p->text_after(0);

text_before

  my $trimmed   = $dom->text_before;
  my $untrimmed = $dom->text_before(0);

Extract text content immediately preceding element, smart whitespace trimming is enabled by default.

  # "foo"
  $dom->parse("<div>foo\n<p>bar</p>baz\n</div>")->div->p->text_before;

  # "foo\n"
  $dom->parse("<div>foo\n<p>bar</p>baz\n</div>")->div->p->text_before(0);

to_xml

  my $xml = $dom->to_xml;
  my $xml = "$dom";

Render this element and its content to XML. Note that the XML will be encoded if a charset has been defined.

  # "<b>test</b>"
  $dom->parse('<div><b>test</b></div>')->div->b->to_xml;

tree

  my $tree = $dom->tree;
  $dom     = $dom->tree(['root', [qw(text lalala)]]);

Document Object Model. Note that this structure should only be used very carefully since it is very dynamic.

type

  my $type = $dom->type;
  $dom     = $dom->type('div');

Element type.

  # List types of child elements
  say $dom->children->pluck('type');

xml

  my $xml = $dom->xml;
  $dom    = $dom->xml(1);

Disable HTML semantics in parser and activate case sensitivity, defaults to auto detection based on processing instructions.

CHILD ELEMENTS

In addition to the methods above, many child elements are also automatically available as object methods, which return a Mojo::DOM or Mojo::Collection object, depending on number of children.

  say $dom->p->text;
  say $dom->div->[23]->text;
  say $dom->div->pluck('text');

ELEMENT ATTRIBUTES

Direct hash reference access to element attributes is also possible.

  say $dom->{foo};
  say $dom->div->{id};

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