Image::Leptonica::Func::partition
version 0.04
partition.c
partition.c Whitespace block extraction BOXA *boxaGetWhiteblocks() Helpers static PARTEL *partelCreate() static void partelDestroy() static l_int32 partelSetSize() static BOXA *boxaGenerateSubboxes() static BOX *boxaSelectPivotBox() static l_int32 boxaCheckIfOverlapIsSmall() BOXA *boxaPruneSortedOnOverlap()
BOXA * boxaGetWhiteblocks ( BOXA *boxas, BOX *box, l_int32 sortflag, l_int32 maxboxes, l_float32 maxoverlap, l_int32 maxperim, l_float32 fract, l_int32 maxpops )
boxaGetWhiteblocks() Input: boxas (typically, a set of bounding boxes of fg components) box (initial region; typically including all boxes in boxas; if null, it computes the region to include all boxes in boxas) sortflag (L_SORT_BY_WIDTH, L_SORT_BY_HEIGHT, L_SORT_BY_MIN_DIMENSION, L_SORT_BY_MAX_DIMENSION, L_SORT_BY_PERIMETER, L_SORT_BY_AREA) maxboxes (maximum number of output whitespace boxes; e.g., 100) maxoverlap (maximum fractional overlap of a box by any of the larger boxes; e.g., 0.2) maxperim (maximum half-perimeter, in pixels, for which pivot is selected by proximity to box centroid; e.g., 200) fract (fraction of box diagonal that is an acceptable distance from the box centroid to select the pivot; e.g., 0.2) maxpops (maximum number of pops from the heap; use 0 as default) Return: boxa (of sorted whitespace boxes), or null on error Notes: (1) This uses the elegant Breuel algorithm, found in "Two Geometric Algorithms for Layout Analysis", 2002, url: "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/breuel02two.html". It starts with the bounding boxes (b.b.) of the connected components (c.c.) in a region, along with the rectangle representing that region. It repeatedly divides the rectangle into four maximal rectangles that exclude a pivot rectangle, sorting them in a priority queue according to one of the six sort flags. It returns a boxa of the "largest" set that have no intersection with boxes from the input boxas. (2) If box == NULL, the initial region is the minimal region that includes the origin and every box in boxas. (3) maxboxes is the maximum number of whitespace boxes that will be returned. The actual number will depend on the image and the values chosen for maxoverlap and maxpops. In many cases, the actual number will be 'maxboxes'. (4) maxoverlap allows pruning of whitespace boxes depending on the overlap. To avoid all pruning, use maxoverlap = 1.0. To select only boxes that have no overlap with each other (maximal pruning), choose maxoverlap = 0.0. Otherwise, no box can have more than the 'maxoverlap' fraction of its area overlapped by any larger (in the sense of the sortflag) box. (5) Choose maxperim (actually, maximum half-perimeter) to represent a c.c. that is small enough so that you don't care about the white space that could be inside of it. For all such c.c., the pivot for 'quadfurcation' of a rectangle is selected as having a reasonable proximity to the rectangle centroid. (6) Use fract in the range [0.0 ... 1.0]. Set fract = 0.0 to choose the small box nearest the centroid as the pivot. If you choose fract > 0.0, it is suggested that you call boxaPermuteRandom() first, to permute the boxes (see usage below). This should reduce the search time for each of the pivot boxes. (7) Choose maxpops to be the maximum number of rectangles that are popped from the heap. This is an indirect way to limit the execution time. Use 0 for default (a fairly large number). At any time, you can expect the heap to contain about 2.5 times as many boxes as have been popped off. (8) The output result is a sorted set of overlapping boxes, constrained by 'maxboxes', 'maxoverlap' and 'maxpops'. (9) The main defect of the method is that it abstracts out the actual components, retaining only the b.b. for analysis. Consider a component with a large b.b. If this is chosen as a pivot, all white space inside is immediately taken out of consideration. Furthermore, even if it is never chosen as a pivot, as the partitioning continues, at no time will any of the whitespace inside this component be part of a rectangle with zero overlapping boxes. Thus, the interiors of all boxes are necessarily excluded from the union of the returned whitespace boxes. (10) USAGE: One way to accommodate to this weakness is to remove such large b.b. before starting the computation. For example, if 'box' is an input image region containing 'boxa' b.b. of c.c.: // Faster pivot choosing boxaPermuteRandom(boxa, boxa); // Remove anything either large width or height boxat = boxaSelectBySize(boxa, maxwidth, maxheight, L_SELECT_IF_BOTH, L_SELECT_IF_LT, NULL); boxad = boxaGetWhiteblocks(boxat, box, type, maxboxes, maxoverlap, maxperim, fract, maxpops); The result will be rectangular regions of "white space" that extend into (and often through) the excluded components. (11) As a simple example, suppose you wish to find the columns on a page. First exclude large c.c. that may block the columns, and then call: boxad = boxaGetWhiteblocks(boxa, box, L_SORT_BY_HEIGHT, 20, 0.15, 200, 0.2, 2000); to get the 20 tallest boxes with no more than 0.15 overlap between a box and any of the taller ones, and avoiding the use of any c.c. with a b.b. half perimeter greater than 200 as a pivot.
BOXA * boxaPruneSortedOnOverlap ( BOXA *boxas, l_float32 maxoverlap )
boxaPruneSortedOnOverlap() Input: boxas (sorted by size in decreasing order) maxoverlap (maximum fractional overlap of a box by any of the larger boxes) Return: boxad (pruned), or null on error Notes: (1) This selectively removes smaller boxes when they are overlapped by any larger box by more than the input 'maxoverlap' fraction. (2) To avoid all pruning, use maxoverlap = 1.0. To select only boxes that have no overlap with each other (maximal pruning), set maxoverlap = 0.0. (3) If there are no boxes in boxas, returns an empty boxa.
Zakariyya Mughal <zmughal@cpan.org>
This software is copyright (c) 2014 by Zakariyya Mughal.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
To install Image::Leptonica, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm Image::Leptonica
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install Image::Leptonica
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.