Image::Leptonica::Func::pngio
version 0.04
pngio.c
pngio.c Read png from file PIX *pixReadStreamPng() l_int32 readHeaderPng() l_int32 freadHeaderPng() l_int32 sreadHeaderPng() l_int32 fgetPngResolution() Write png to file l_int32 pixWritePng() [ special top level ] l_int32 pixWriteStreamPng() l_int32 pixSetZlibCompression() Setting flag for special read mode void l_pngSetReadStrip16To8() Read/write to memory PIX *pixReadMemPng() l_int32 pixWriteMemPng() Documentation: libpng.txt and example.c On input (decompression from file), palette color images are read into an 8 bpp Pix with a colormap, and 24 bpp 3 component color images are read into a 32 bpp Pix with rgb samples. On output (compression to file), palette color images are written as 8 bpp with the colormap, and 32 bpp full color images are written compressed as a 24 bpp, 3 component color image. In the following, we use these abbreviations: bps == bit/sample spp == samples/pixel bpp == bits/pixel of image in Pix (memory) where each component is referred to as a "sample". For reading and writing rgb and rgba images, we read and write alpha if it exists (spp == 4) and do not read or write if it doesn't (spp == 3). The alpha component can be 'removed' simply by setting spp to 3. In leptonica, we make relatively little explicit use of the alpha sample. Note that the alpha sample in the image is also called "alpha transparency", "alpha component" and "alpha layer." To change the zlib compression level, use pixSetZlibCompression() before writing the file. The default is for standard png compression. The zlib compression value can be set [0 ... 9], with 0 no compression (huge files) 1 fastest compression -1 default compression (equivalent to 6 in latest version) 9 best compression Note that if you are using the defined constants in zlib instead of the compression integers given above, you must include zlib.h. There is global for determining the size of retained samples: var_PNG_STRIP_16_to_8 and a function l_pngSetReadStrip16To8() for setting it. The default is TRUE, which causes pixRead() to strip each 16 bit sample down to 8 bps: - For 16 bps rgb (16 bps, 3 spp) --> 32 bpp rgb Pix - For 16 bps gray (16 bps, 1 spp) --> 8 bpp grayscale Pix If the variable is set to FALSE, the 16 bit gray samples are saved when read; the 16 bit rgb samples return an error. Note: results can be non-deterministic if used with multi-threaded applications. On systems like windows without fmemopen() and open_memstream(), we write data to a temp file and read it back for operations between pix and compressed-data, such as pixReadMemPng() and pixWriteMemPng().
l_int32 fgetPngResolution ( FILE *fp, l_int32 *pxres, l_int32 *pyres )
fgetPngResolution() Input: stream (opened for read) &xres, &yres (<return> resolution in ppi) Return: 0 if OK; 0 on error Notes: (1) If neither resolution field is set, this is not an error; the returned resolution values are 0 (designating 'unknown'). (2) Side-effect: this rewinds the stream.
l_int32 freadHeaderPng ( FILE *fp, l_int32 *pw, l_int32 *ph, l_int32 *pbps, l_int32 *pspp, l_int32 *piscmap )
freadHeaderPng() Input: stream &w (<optional return>) &h (<optional return>) &bps (<optional return>, bits/sample) &spp (<optional return>, samples/pixel) &iscmap (<optional return>) Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error Notes: (1) See readHeaderPng().
void l_pngSetReadStrip16To8 ( l_int32 flag )
l_pngSetReadStrip16To8() Input: flag (1 for stripping 16 bpp to 8 bpp on reading; 0 for leaving 16 bpp) Return: void
PIX * pixReadMemPng ( const l_uint8 *cdata, size_t size )
pixReadMemPng() Input: cdata (const; png-encoded) size (of data) Return: pix, or null on error Notes: (1) The @size byte of @data must be a null character.
PIX * pixReadStreamPng ( FILE *fp )
pixReadStreamPng() Input: stream Return: pix, or null on error Notes: (1) If called from pixReadStream(), the stream is positioned at the beginning of the file. (2) To do sequential reads of png format images from a stream, use pixReadStreamPng() (3) Grayscale-with-alpha pngs (spp = 2) are converted to RGBA on read; the returned pix has spp = 4 and equal red, green and blue channels. (4) spp = 1 with alpha (palette) is converted to RGBA with spp = 4. (5) We use the high level png interface, where the transforms are set up in advance and the header and image are read with a single call. The more complicated interface, where the header is read first and the buffers for the raster image are user- allocated before reading the image, works OK for single images, but I could not get it to work properly for the successive png reads that are required by pixaReadStream().
l_int32 pixSetZlibCompression ( PIX *pix, l_int32 compval )
pixSetZlibCompression() Input: pix compval (zlib compression value) Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error Notes: (1) Valid zlib compression values are in the interval [0 ... 9], where, as defined in zlib.h: 0 Z_NO_COMPRESSION 1 Z_BEST_SPEED (poorest compression) 9 Z_BEST_COMPRESSION For the default value, use either of these: 6 Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION -1 (resolves to Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION) (2) If you use the defined constants in zlib.h instead of the compression integers given above, you must include zlib.h.
l_int32 pixWriteMemPng ( l_uint8 **pdata, size_t *psize, PIX *pix, l_float32 gamma )
pixWriteMemPng() Input: &data (<return> data of tiff compressed image) &size (<return> size of returned data) pix gamma (use 0.0 if gamma is not defined) Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error Notes: (1) See pixWriteStreamPng() for usage. This version writes to memory instead of to a file stream.
l_int32 pixWritePng ( const char *filename, PIX *pix, l_float32 gamma )
pixWritePng() Input: filename pix gamma Return: 0 if OK; 1 on error Notes: (1) Special version for writing png with a specified gamma. When using pixWrite(), no field is given for gamma.
l_int32 pixWriteStreamPng ( FILE *fp, PIX *pix, l_float32 gamma )
pixWriteStreamPng() Input: stream pix gamma (use 0.0 if gamma is not defined) Return: 0 if OK; 1 on error Notes: (1) If called from pixWriteStream(), the stream is positioned at the beginning of the file. (2) To do sequential writes of png format images to a stream, use pixWriteStreamPng() directly. (3) gamma is an optional png chunk. If no gamma value is to be placed into the file, use gamma = 0.0. Otherwise, if gamma > 0.0, its value is written into the header. (4) The use of gamma in png is highly problematic. For an illuminating discussion, see: http://hsivonen.iki.fi/png-gamma/ (5) What is the effect/meaning of gamma in the png file? This gamma, which we can call the 'source' gamma, is the inverse of the gamma that was used in enhance.c to brighten or darken images. The 'source' gamma is supposed to indicate the intensity mapping that was done at the time the image was captured. Display programs typically apply a 'display' gamma of 2.2 to the output, which is intended to linearize the intensity based on the response of thermionic tubes (CRTs). Flat panel LCDs have typically been designed to give a similar response as CRTs (call it "backward compatibility"). The 'display' gamma is in some sense the inverse of the 'source' gamma. jpeg encoders attached to scanners and cameras will lighten the pixels, applying a gamma corresponding to approximately a square-root relation of output vs input: output = input^(gamma) where gamma is often set near 0.4545 (1/gamma is 2.2). This is stored in the image file. Then if the display program reads the gamma, it will apply a display gamma, typically about 2.2; the product is 1.0, and the display program produces a linear output. This works because the dark colors were appropriately boosted by the scanner, as described by the 'source' gamma, so they should not be further boosted by the display program. (6) As an example, with xv and display, if no gamma is stored, the program acts as if gamma were 0.4545, multiplies this by 2.2, and does a linear rendering. Taking this as a baseline brightness, if the stored gamma is: > 0.4545, the image is rendered lighter than baseline < 0.4545, the image is rendered darker than baseline In contrast, gqview seems to ignore the gamma chunk in png. (7) The only valid pixel depths in leptonica are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32. However, it is possible, and in some cases desirable, to write out a png file using an rgb pix that has 24 bpp. For example, the open source xpdf SplashBitmap class generates 24 bpp rgb images. Consequently, we enable writing 24 bpp pix. To generate such a pix, you can make a 24 bpp pix without data and assign the data array to the pix; e.g., pix = pixCreateHeader(w, h, 24); pixSetData(pix, rgbdata); See pixConvert32To24() for an example, where we get rgbdata from the 32 bpp pix. Caution: do not call pixSetPadBits(), because the alignment is wrong and you may erase part of the last pixel on each line. (8) If the pix has a colormap, it is written to file. In most situations, the alpha component is 255 for each colormap entry, which is opaque and indicates that it should be ignored. However, if any alpha component is not 255, it is assumed that the alpha values are valid, and they are written to the png file in a tRNS segment. On readback, the tRNS segment is identified, and the colormapped image with alpha is converted to a 4 spp rgba image.
l_int32 readHeaderPng ( const char *filename, l_int32 *pw, l_int32 *ph, l_int32 *pbps, l_int32 *pspp, l_int32 *piscmap )
readHeaderPng() Input: filename &w (<optional return>) &h (<optional return>) &bps (<optional return>, bits/sample) &spp (<optional return>, samples/pixel) &iscmap (<optional return>) Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error Notes: (1) If there is a colormap, iscmap is returned as 1; else 0. (2) For gray+alpha, although the png records bps = 16, we consider this as two 8 bpp samples (gray and alpha). When a gray+alpha is read, it is converted to 32 bpp RGBA.
l_int32 sreadHeaderPng ( const l_uint8 *data, l_int32 *pw, l_int32 *ph, l_int32 *pbps, l_int32 *pspp, l_int32 *piscmap )
sreadHeaderPng() Input: data &w (<optional return>) &h (<optional return>) &bps (<optional return>, bits/sample) &spp (<optional return>, samples/pixel) &iscmap (<optional return>; input NULL to ignore) Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error Notes: (1) See readHeaderPng(). (2) png colortypes (see png.h: PNG_COLOR_TYPE_*): 0: gray; fully transparent (with tRNS) (1 spp) 2: RGB (3 spp) 3: colormap; colormap+alpha (with tRNS) (1 spp) 4: gray + alpha (2 spp) 6: RGBA (4 spp) Note: 0 and 3 have the alpha information in a tRNS chunk 4 and 6 have separate alpha samples with each pixel.
Zakariyya Mughal <zmughal@cpan.org>
This software is copyright (c) 2014 by Zakariyya Mughal.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
To install Image::Leptonica, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm Image::Leptonica
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install Image::Leptonica
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.