perldelta - what is new for perl v5.27.8
This document describes differences between the 5.27.7 release and the 5.27.8 release.
If you are upgrading from an earlier release such as 5.27.6, first read perl5277delta, which describes differences between 5.27.6 and 5.27.7.
When opening a file descriptor, perl now generally opens it with its close-on-exec flag already set, on platforms that support doing so. This improves thread safety, because it means that an exec initiated by one thread can no longer cause a file descriptor in the process of being opened by another thread to be accidentally passed to the executed program.
exec
Additionally, perl now sets the close-on-exec flag more reliably, whether it does so atomically or not. Most file descriptors were getting the flag set, but some were being missed.
A mixture of scripts, such as Cyrillic and Latin, in a string is often the sign of a spoofing attack. A new regular expression construct now allows for easy detection of these. For example, you can say
qr/(?script_run: \d+ \b )/x
And the digits matched will all be from the same set of 10. You won't get a look-alike digit from a different script that has a different value than what it appears to be.
The new string-specific (&. |. ^. ~.) and number-specific (& | ^ ~) bitwise operators introduced in Perl 5.22 are no longer experimental. Because the number-specific ops are spelled the same way as the existing operators that choose their behaviour based on their operands, these operators must still be enabled via the "bitwise" feature, in either of these two ways:
&. |. ^. ~.
& | ^ ~
use feature "bitwise"; use v5.28; # "bitwise" now included
They are also now enabled by the -E command-line switch.
The "bitwise" feature no longer emits a warning. Existing code that disables the "experimental::bitwise" warning category that the feature previously used will continue to work.
One caveat that module authors ought to be aware of is that the numeric operators now pass a fifth TRUE argument to overload methods. Any methods that check the number of operands may croak if they do not expect so many. XS authors in particular should be aware that this:
SV * bitop_handler (lobj, robj, swap)
may need to be changed to this:
SV * bitop_handler (lobj, robj, swap, ...)
The changes to the experimental smart match operator (~~) and switch (given/when) constructs that were made in Perl 5.27.7 have been reverted due to the extent of the trouble caused to CPAN modules. It is expected that smartmatch will be changed again in the future, but preceded by some kind of explicit deprecation.
~~
given
when
The experimental subroutine signatures feature has been changed so that subroutine attributes must now come before the signature rather than after. This is because attributes like :lvalue can affect the compilation of code within the signature, for example:
:lvalue
sub f :lvalue ($a = do { $x = "abc"; return substr($x,0,1)}) { ...}
Note that this the second time they have been flipped:
sub f :lvalue ($a, $b) { 1 }; # 5.20; 5.28 onwards sub f ($a, $b) :lvalue { 1 }; # 5.22 - 5.26
Some uses of these already are illegal after a previous deprecation cycle. This deprecates the remaining uses. See perldeprecation.
"{"
"("
Using unescaped left braces is officially deprecated everywhere, but it is not enforced in contexts where their use does not interfere with expected extensions to the language. A deprecation is added in this release when the brace appears immediately after an opening parenthesis. Before this, even if the brace was part of a legal quantifier, it was not interpreted as such, but as the literal characters, unlike other quantifiers that follow a "(" which are considered errors. Now, their use will raise a deprecation message, unless turned off.
The performance of pattern matching [[:ascii:]] and [[:^ascii:]] has been improved significantly except on EBCDIC platforms.
[[:ascii:]]
[[:^ascii:]]
B has been upgraded from version 1.73 to 1.74.
B::Deparse has been upgraded from version 1.46 to 1.47.
Data::Dumper has been upgraded from version 2.169 to 2.170.
Devel::PPPort has been upgraded from version 3.37 to 3.38.
Digest::SHA has been upgraded from version 6.00 to 6.01.
Encode has been upgraded from version 2.93 to 2.94.
ExtUtils::Miniperl has been upgraded from version 1.07 to 1.08.
feature has been upgraded from version 1.50 to 1.51.
File::Spec has been upgraded from version 3.71 to 3.72.
JSON::PP has been upgraded from version 2.97000 to 2.97001.
Module::CoreList has been upgraded from version 5.20171220 to 5.20180120.
Opcode has been upgraded from version 1.42 to 1.43.
overload has been upgraded from version 1.29 to 1.30.
Pod::Functions has been upgraded from version 1.12 to 1.13.
Pod::Html has been upgraded from version 1.23 to 1.24.
The podlators bundle has been upgraded from version 4.09 to 4.10.
Man page references and function names now follow the Linux man page formatting standards, instead of the Solaris standard.
Socket has been upgraded from version 2.020_04 to 2.027.
Time::HiRes has been upgraded from version 1.9748 to 1.9752.
Unicode::UCD has been upgraded from version 0.69 to 0.70.
The function num now accepts an optional parameter to help in diagnosing error returns.
num
utf8 has been upgraded from version 1.20 to 1.21.
warnings has been upgraded from version 1.39 to 1.40.
XSLoader has been upgraded from version 0.29 to 0.30.
Platforms that use mod2fname to edit the names of loadable libraries now look for bootstrap (.bs) files under the correct, non-edited name.
mod2fname
We have attempted to update the documentation to reflect the changes listed in this document. If you find any we have missed, send email to perlbug@perl.org.
Additionally, the following selected changes have been made:
An example in perlembed used the string value of ERRSV as a format string when calling croak(). If that string contains format codes such as %s this could crash the program.
ERRSV
%s
This has been changed to a call to croak_sv().
An alternative could have been to supply a trivial format string:
croak("%s", SvPV_nolen(ERRSV));
or as a special case for ERRSV simply:
croak(NULL);
Improve the documentation of each with a slightly more explicit description of the sharing of iterator state, and with caveats regarding the fragility of while-each loops. [perl #132644]
each
Improve the documentation of while condition magic in various places. [perl #132644]
Clarify the documentation of -m. [perl #131518]
The following additions or changes have been made to diagnostic output, including warnings and fatal error messages. For the complete list of diagnostic messages, see perldiag.
Can't "goto" into a binary or list expression
Use of goto to jump into the parameter of a binary or list operator has been prohibited, to prevent crashes and stack corruption. [perl #130936]
goto
The Unable to flush stdout error message was missing a trailing newline. [debian #875361]
Unable to flush stdout
Tests were added and changed to reflect the other additions and changes in this release. Furthermore, these significant changes were made:
Allow override of watchdog timer count in re/pat_psycho.t.
This test can take a long time to run, so there is a timer to keep this in check (currently, 5 minutes). This commit adds checking the environment variable PERL_TEST_TIME_OUT_FACTOR; if set, the time out setting is multiplied by its value.
PERL_TEST_TIME_OUT_FACTOR
A build with the quadmath library can now be done on Cygwin.
FreeBSD's /usr/share/mk/sys.mk specifies -O2 for architectures other than arm and mips. By default, compile perl with the same optimization levels.
-O2
Several fix-ups for configure.com, marking function VMS has (or doesn't have).
The format of the non-utf8 transliteration table attached to the op_pv field of OP_TRANS/OP_TRANSR ops has changed. It's now a struct OPtrans_map.
op_pv
OP_TRANS
OP_TRANSR
struct OPtrans_map
The printf format specifier %.0f no longer rounds incorrectly [perl #47602], and now shows the correct sign for a negative zero.
printf
%.0f
Fixed a use after free bug in pp_list introduced in 5.27.1. [perl #131954]
Don't stringify numeric first arguments to system() on Windows or VMS. [perl #132633]
system()
Fixed an issue where the error Scalar value @arrayname[0] better written as $arrayname would give an error Cannot printf Inf with 'c' when arrayname starts with Inf. [perl #132645]
Scalar value @arrayname[0] better written as $arrayname
Cannot printf Inf with 'c'
Inf
The Perl implementation of getcwd() in Cwd in the PathTools distribution now behaves the same as XS implementation on errors: it returns an error, and sets $!. [perl #132648]
getcwd()
Cwd
$!
Fixed argument counting in multiconcat when concatenating adjacent constants. [perl #132646]
Vivify array elements when putting them on the stack. Fixes [perl #8910] (reported in April 2002).
Fixed parsing of braced subscript after parens. Fixes [perl #8045] (reported in December 2001).
tr/non_utf8/long_non_utf8/c could give the wrong results when the length of the replacement character list was greater than 0x7fff.
tr/non_utf8/long_non_utf8/c
tr/non_utf8/non_utf8/cd failed to add the implied \x{100}-\x{7fffffff} to the search character list.
tr/non_utf8/non_utf8/cd
\x{100}-\x{7fffffff}
The bugfix for [perl #2754] in Perl 5.27.7 turned out to cause so much trouble on CPAN [perl #132577] that it is being postponed. The bug has been restored, so exit(0) in a UNITCHECK or CHECK block now once again permits the main program to run, and exit(0) in a BEGIN block once again permits INIT blocks to run before exiting. The bug will be fixed again for Perl 5.30.
exit(0)
UNITCHECK
CHECK
BEGIN
INIT
Perl 5.27.8 represents approximately 4 weeks of development since Perl 5.27.7 and contains approximately 33,000 lines of changes across 290 files from 17 authors.
Excluding auto-generated files, documentation and release tools, there were approximately 25,000 lines of changes to 160 .pm, .t, .c and .h files.
Perl continues to flourish into its third decade thanks to a vibrant community of users and developers. The following people are known to have contributed the improvements that became Perl 5.27.8:
Abigail, Chris 'BinGOs' Williams, Craig A. Berry, Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker, David Mitchell, Father Chrysostomos, James E Keenan, Karen Etheridge, Karl Williamson, Niko Tyni, Pali, Peter John Acklam, Scott Lanning, Tomasz Konojacki, Tom Hukins, Tony Cook, Zefram.
The list above is almost certainly incomplete as it is automatically generated from version control history. In particular, it does not include the names of the (very much appreciated) contributors who reported issues to the Perl bug tracker.
Many of the changes included in this version originated in the CPAN modules included in Perl's core. We're grateful to the entire CPAN community for helping Perl to flourish.
For a more complete list of all of Perl's historical contributors, please see the AUTHORS file in the Perl source distribution.
If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the perl bug database at https://rt.perl.org/ . There may also be information at http://www.perl.org/ , the Perl Home Page.
If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the perlbug program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the output of perl -V, will be sent off to perlbug@perl.org to be analysed by the Perl porting team.
perl -V
If the bug you are reporting has security implications which make it inappropriate to send to a publicly archived mailing list, then see "SECURITY VULNERABILITY CONTACT INFORMATION" in perlsec for details of how to report the issue.
If you wish to thank the Perl 5 Porters for the work we had done in Perl 5, you can do so by running the perlthanks program:
perlthanks
This will send an email to the Perl 5 Porters list with your show of thanks.
The Changes file for an explanation of how to view exhaustive details on what changed.
The INSTALL file for how to build Perl.
The README file for general stuff.
The Artistic and Copying files for copyright information.
To install vars, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm vars
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install vars
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.