SAP::Rfc - SAP RFC - RFC Function calls against an SAP R/3 System
use SAP::Rfc; $rfc = new SAP::Rfc( ASHOST => 'myhost', USER => 'ME', PASSWD => 'secret', LANG => 'EN', CLIENT => '200', SYSNR => '00', TRACE => '1' );
my $it = $rfc->discover("RFC_READ_TABLE");
$it->QUERY_TABLE('TRDIR'); $it->ROWCOUNT( 2000 ); $it->OPTIONS( ["NAME LIKE 'RS%'"] );
or pass a list of hash refs like so: $it->OPTIONS( [ { TEXT => "NAME LIKE 'RS%'" } ] );
$rfc->callrfc( $it );
print "NO. PROGS: ".$it->tab('DATA')->rowCount()." \n"; print join("\n",( $it->DATA ));
$rfc->close();
SAP::Rfc - is a Perl extension for performing RFC Function calls against an SAP R/3 System. Please refer to the README file found with this distribution. This Distribution also allows the creation of registered RFCs so that an SAP system can call arbitrary Perl code created in assigned callbacks.
The best way to describe this package is to give a brief over view, and then launch into several examples. The SAP::Rfc package works in concert with several other packages that also come with same distribution, these are SAP::Iface, SAP::Parm, SAP::Tab, and SAP::Struc. These come together to give you an object oriented programming interface to performing RFC function calls to SAP from a UNIX based platform with your favourite programming language - Perl. A SAP::Rfc object holds together one ( and only one ) connection to an SAP system at a time. The SAP::Rfc object can hold one or many SAP::Iface objects, each of which equate to the definition of an RFC Function in SAP ( trans SE37 ). Each SAP::Iface object holds one or many SAP::Parm, and/or SAP::Tab objects, corresponding to the RFC Interface definition in SAP ( SE37 ).
For all SAP::Tab objects, and for complex SAP::Parm objects, a SAP::Struc object can be defined. This equates to a structure definition in the data dictionary ( SE11 ). Because the manual definition of interfaces and structures is a boring and tiresome exercise, there are specific methods provided to automatically discover, and add the appropriate interface definitions for an RFC Function module to the SAP::Rfc object ( see methods discover, and structure of SAP::Rfc ).
$rfc->PARM_NAME( 'a value ') The parameter or tables can be accessed through autoloaded method calls - this can be useful for setting or getting the parameter values.
$iface = $rfc->discover('RFC_READ_REPORT'); Discover an RFC interface definition, and automaticlly add it to an SAP::Rfc object. This will also define all associated SAP::Parm, SAP::Tab, and SAP::Struc objects.
$str = $rfc->structure('QTAB'); Discover and return the definition of a valid data dictionary structure. This could be subsequently used with an SAP::Parm, or SAP::Tab object.
if ($rfc->is_connected()) { } else { }; Test that the SAP::Rfc object is connected to the SAP system.
%info = $rfc->sapinfo(); map { print "key: $_ = ", $info{$_}, "\n" } sort keys %info; Return a hash of the values supplied by the RFC_SYSTEM_INFO function module. This function is only properly called once, and the data is cached until the RFC connection is closed - then it will be reset next call.
$rfc->callrfc($iface); Do the actual RFC call - this installs all the Export, Import, and Table Parameters in the actual C library of the XS extension, does the RFC call, Retrieves the table contents, and import parameter contents, and then cleans the libraries storage space again.
$rfc->close(); Close the current open RFC connection to an SAP system, and then reset cached sapinfo data.
$rfc->error(); Returns error string if previous call returned undef (currently supported for discover, structure, is_connected and sapinfo).
$rfc->errorKeys(); Returns a hash of all the RFC error components as found in the standard RFC trace file: $VAR1 = { 'KEY' => 'RFC_ERROR_SYSTEM_FAILURE', 'GROUP' => '104', 'EXCEPT' => 'SYSTEM_FAILURE', 'MESSAGE' => 'Name or password is incorrect. Please re-enter' }; Is an example of a login faliure.
This is the main function to initiate a registered RFC. Consider this example that implements the same functionality as the standard rfcexec executable that comes with all SAP R/3 server implementations:
use SAP::Rfc; use SAP::Iface; use Data::Dumper; # this enables the user to call die "MY_CUSTOM_ERROR" # and only the string MY_CUSTOMER_ERROR is returned to SAP instead of # the whole die text + line number etc. $SAP::Rfc::EXCEPTION_ONLY = 1; # construct the Registered RFC conection my $rfc = new SAP::Rfc( TPNAME => 'wibble.rfcexec', GWHOST => '172.22.50.1', GWSERV => '3300', TRACE => '1' ); # Build up the interface definition that the ABAP code is going to # call including the subroutine reference that will be invoked # on handling incoming requests my $iface = new SAP::Iface(NAME => "RFC_REMOTE_PIPE", HANDLER => \&do_remote_pipe); $iface->addParm( TYPE => $iface->RFCIMPORT, INTYPE => $iface->RFCTYPE_CHAR, NAME => "COMMAND", LEN => 256); $iface->addParm( TYPE => $iface->RFCIMPORT, INTYPE => $iface->RFCTYPE_CHAR, NAME => "READ", LEN => 1); $iface->addTab( NAME => "PIPEDATA", LEN => 80); # add the interface definition to the available list of RFCs $rfc->iface($iface); # kick off the main event loop - register the RFC connection # and wait for incoming calls $rfc->accept(); ... # the callback subroutine # the subroutine receives one argument of an SAP::Iface # object that has been populated with the inbound data # the callback must return "TRUE" or this is considered # an EXCEPTION sub do_remote_pipe { my $iface = shift; warn "Running do_remote_pipe...\n"; my $ls = $iface->COMMAND; $iface->PIPEDATA( [ map { pack("A80",$_) } split(/\n/, `$ls`) ]); warn " Data: ".Dumper($iface->PIPEDATA); # force an error die "MY_CUSTOM_ERROR" unless $iface->PIPEDATA; return 1; } If accept() returns a defined value then the $rfc->error() can be checked for an associated error message. accept() takes a two parameters \&callback(), and $wait. \&callback() is a subroutine reference that will be called each time an event has happened within the accept loop. If an RFC is called then the callback is made after the RFC callback has been executed, otherwise the callback is made after the accept timeout has been reached. $wait specifies the time to wait in the accept loop before breaking to execute the callback function. If no wait interval is specified, then a default of 10 seconds is specified. callback() must return true (Perl true) all RFC_SYS_EXCEPTION is set, and the accept() loop exits.
tRFC must be activated by passing parameters to the $rfc = new SAP::Rfc( ... ); tRFC cannot be performed at the same time as standard registered RFC, do to the behaviour inside the main event loop. Build the tRFC server connection like this: my $rfc = new SAP::Rfc( TRFC => 1, TRFC_CHECK => \&do_my_tid_check, TRFC_CONFIRM => \&do_my_tid_confirm, TRFC_ROLLBACK => \&do_my_tid_rollback, TRFC_COMMIT => \&do_my_tid_commit, TPNAME => 'wibble.rfcexec', GWHOST => 'seahorse.local.net', GWSERV => '3300', TRACE => '1' ); TRFC => 1 - activates the installation of the tRFC transaction control. TRFC_CHECK, TRFC_CONFIRM, TRFC_ROLLBACK, TRFC_COMMIT are parameters that override the default callback functions for tRFC transaction control. consult the saprfc.h header file of the rfcsdk for the full details. TRFC_CHECK is the only one that can return a value - it returns true if this is a new transaction to be processed, or false to reject the transaction. All other TRFC_* callbacks return void(). In the actual callback() for each registered RFC in tRFC mode, there is an additional parameter passed for the tRFC transaction id (tid): sub do_remote_pipe { my $iface = shift; my $tid = shift; ... This can be used to track the status of the callback success, and relay this information to the other transaction control callback (TID_*).
With that the Method it is possible to launch a program. This feature is hevealy used by SAP DMS (Document Management System) which sends and receives Files from and to the client.
Activate the caching of Interface and Structure definitions (generated via SAP::Rfc->discover() and SAP::Rfc->structure()). The definitions are serialized/deserialised using Data::Dumper, which has the effect of speeding up the startup times of scripts (you nolonger have to the SAP system everytime you need get a reference to the cached definitions). If you enable caching then you need to be careful about differences in byte order between systems you communicate with (same definitions are retrieved regardless of system connected to), and the potential differences in interface/structure definitions between your systems (perhaps because of release etc.). $SAP::Rfc::USECACHE = 1; The default cache is set to ".rfc_cache/". If you don't like the default then you need to change this by setting $SAP::Rfc::CACHE to a directory of your choice.
Piers Harding, piers@ompa.net.
But Credit must go to all those that have helped.
perl(1), SAP::Iface(3).
To install SAP::Rfc, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm SAP::Rfc
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install SAP::Rfc
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.