NAME
Locale::Unicode - Unicode Locale Identifier compliant with BCP47 and
CLDR
SYNOPSIS
use Locale::Unicode;
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ja-Kana-t-it' ) ||
die( Locale::Unicode->error, "\n" );
say $locale; # ja-Kana-t-it
# Some undefined locale in Cyrillic script
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'und-Cyrl' );
$locale->transform( 'und-latn' );
$locale->mechanism( 'ungegn-2007' );
say $locale; # und-Cyrl-t-und-latn-m0-ungegn-2007
# A locale in Cyrillic, transformed from Latin, according to a UNGEGN specification dated 2007.
VERSION
v0.1.0
DESCRIPTION
This module implements the Unicode LDML (Locale Data Markup Language)
It does not enforce the standard, and is merely an API to construct,
access and modify locales. It is your responsibility to set the right
values.
For your convenience, summary of key elements of the standard can be
found in this documentation.
It is lightweight and fast with no dependency outside of Scalar::Util
and Want. It requires perl "v5.10" minimum to operate.
The objects stringifies, and once its string value is computed, it is
cached and re-used until it is changed. Thus repetitive call to
as_string or to stringification does not incur any speed penalty by
recomputing what has not changed.
CONSTRUCTOR
new
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'en' );
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'en-GB' );
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'en-Latn-AU' );
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'he-IL-u-ca-hebrew-tz-jeruslm' );
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ja-Kana-t-it' );
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'und-Latn-t-und-cyrl' );
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'und-Cyrl-t-und-latn-m0-ungegn-2007' );
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'de-u-co-phonebk-ka-shifted' );
# Machine translated from German to Japanese using an undefined vendor
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ja-t-de-t0-und' );
$locale->script( 'Kana' );
$locale->country_code( 'JP' );
# Now: ja-Kana-JP-t-de-t0-und
This takes a "locale" as compliant with the BCP47 standard, and an
optional hash or hash reference of options and this returns a new
object.
The "locale" provided is parsed and its components can be accessed and
modified using all the methods of this class API.
If an hash or hash reference of options are provided, it will be used to
set or modify the components from the "locale" provided.
If an error occurs, an exception object is set and "undef" is returned
in scalar context, or an empty list in list context. The exception
object can then be retrieved using error, such as:
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( $somthing_bad ) ||
die( Locale::Unicode->error );
METHODS
All the methods below are context sensitive.
If they are called in an object context, they will return the current
"Locale::Unicode" object for chaining, otherwise, they will return the
current value. And if that value is "undef", it will return "undef" in
scalar context, but an empty list in list context.
Also, if an error occurs, it will set an exception object and returns
"undef" in scalar context, or an empty list in list context.
apply
my $hash_reference = Locale::Unicode->parse( 'ja-Kana-t-it' );
$locale->apply( $hash_reference );
Provided with an hash reference of key-value pairs, and this will set
each corresponding method with the associated value.
If a property provided has no corresponding method, it emits a warning
if warnings are enabled
It returns the current object upon success, or sets an error object upon
error and returns "undef" in scalar context, or an empty list in list
context.
as_string
Returns the Locale object as a string, based on its latest attributes
set.
The string value returned is computed only once and further call to
"as_string" returns a cached value unless changes were made to the
Locale attributes.
break_exclusion
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ja' );
$locale->break_exclusion( 'hani-hira-kata' );
# Now: ja-dx-hani-hira-kata
This is a Unicode Dictionary Break Exclusion Identifier that specifies
scripts to be excluded from dictionary-based text break (for words and
lines).
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "dx"
See also dx
This specifies scripts to be excluded from dictionary-based text break.
ca
This is an alias for "calendar"
calendar
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'th' );
$locale->calendar( 'buddhist' );
# or:
# $locale->ca( 'buddhist' );
# Now: th-u-ca-buddhist
# which is the Thai with Buddist calendar
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "ca", which is a calendar identifier
See the section on "BCP47 EXTENSIONS" for the proper values.
cf
This is an alias for "cu_format"
co
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'de' );
$locale->collation( 'phonebk' );
$locale->ka( 'shifted' );
# Now: de-u-co-phonebk-ka-shifted
This is a Unicode collation identifier that specifies a type of
collation (sort order).
This is an alias for "collation"
colAlternate
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'de' );
$locale->collation( 'phonebk' );
$locale->ka( 'shifted' );
# Now: de-u-co-phonebk-ka-shifted
$locale->collation( 'noignore' );
# or similarly:
$locale->collation( 'non-ignorable' );
Sets alternate handling for variable weights.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "ka"
See "Collation Options" for more information.
colBackwards
$locale->colBackwards(1); # true
# Now: kb-true
$locale->colBackwards(0); # false
# Now: kb-false
Sets collation boolean value for backward collation weight.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "kb"
See "Collation Options" for more information.
colCaseFirst
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "kf"
colCaseLevel
$locale->colCaseLevel(1); # true
# Now: kc-true
$locale->colCaseLevel(0); # false
# Now: kc-false
Sets collation boolean value for case level.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "kc"
See "Collation Options" for more information.
colHiraganaQuaternary
$locale->colHiraganaQuaternary(1); # true
# Now: kh-true
$locale->colHiraganaQuaternary(0); # false
# Now: kh-false
Sets collation parameter key for special Hiragana handling.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "kh"
See "Collation Options" for more information.
collation
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'fr' );
$locale->collation( 'emoji' );
# Now: fr-u-co-emoji
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'de' );
$locale->collation( 'phonebk' );
# Now: de-u-co-phonebk
# which is: German using Phonebook sorting
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "co"
This specifies a type of collation (sort order).
See "Unicode extensions" for possible values and more information on
standard.
See also "Collation Options" for more on collation options.
colNormalisation
This is an alias for colNormalization
colNormalization
$locale->colNormalization(1); # true
# Now: kk-true
$locale->colNormalization(0); # false
# Now: kk-false
Sets collation parameter key for normalisation.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "kk"
See "Collation Options" for more information.
colNumeric
$locale->colNumeric(1); # true
# Now: kn-true
$locale->colNumeric(0); # false
# Now: kn-false
Sets collation parameter key for numeric handling.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "kn"
See "Collation Options" for more information.
colReorder
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'en' );
$locale->colReorder( 'latn-digit' );
# Now: en-u-kr-latn-digit
# Reorder digits after Latin characters.
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'en' );
$locale->colReorder( 'arab-cyrl-others-symbol' );
# Now: en-u-kr-arab-cyrl-others-symbol
# Reorder Arabic characters first, then Cyrillic, and put
# symbols at the end—after all other characters.
Sets collation reorder codes.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "kr"
See "Collation Options" for more information.
shiftedGroup
This is an alias for "colValue"
colStrength
$locale->colStrength( 'level1' );
# Now: ks-level1
# or, equivalent:
$locale->colStrength( 'primary' );
$locale->colStrength( 'level2' );
# or, equivalent:
$locale->colStrength( 'secondary' );
$locale->colStrength( 'level3' );
# or, equivalent:
$locale->colStrength( 'tertiary' );
$locale->colStrength( 'level4' );
# or, equivalent:
$locale->colStrength( 'quaternary' );
$locale->colStrength( 'quarternary' );
$locale->colStrength( 'identic' );
$locale->colStrength( 'identic' );
$locale->colStrength( 'identical' );
Sets the collation parameter key for collation strength used for
comparison.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "ks"
See "Collation Options" for more information.
colValue
$locale->colValue( 'currency' );
$locale->colValue( 'punct' );
$locale->colValue( 'space' );
$locale->colValue( 'symbol' );
Sets the collation value for the last reordering group to be affected by
ka-shifted.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "kv"
See "Collation Options" for more information.
colVariableTop
Sets the string value for the variable top.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "vt"
See "Collation Options" for more information.
country_code
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'en' );
$locale->country_code( 'US' );
# Now: en-US
$locale->country_code( 'GB' );
# Now: en-GB
Sets or gets the country code part of the "locale".
A country code should be an ISO 3166 2-letters code, but keep in mind
that the LDML (Locale Data Markup Language) accepts old data to ensure
stability.
cu
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ja' );
$locale->cu( 'jpy' );
# Now: ja-u-cu-jpy
# which is the Japanese Yens
This is a Unicode currency identifier that specifies a type of currency
(ISO 4217 code.
This is an alias for "currency"
cu_format
# Using minus sign symbol for negative numbers
$locale->cf( 'standard' );
# Using parentheses for negative numbers
$locale->cf( 'account' );
This is a currency format identifier such as "standard" or "account"
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "cf"
See the section on "BCP47 EXTENSIONS" for the proper values.
currency
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ja' );
$locale->currency( 'jpy' );
# or
# $locale->cu( 'jpy' );
# Now: ja-u-cu-jpy
# which is the Japanese yens
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "cu"
This specifies a type of ISO4217 currency code.
d0
This is an alias for "destination"
dest
This is an alias for "destination"
destination
Sets or gets the Transformation extension "d0" for destination.
See the section on "Transform extensions" for more information.
dx
This is an alias for "break_exclusion"
em
This is an alias for "emoji"
emoji
This is a Unicode Emoji Presentation Style Identifier that specifies a
request for the preferred emoji presentation style.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "em".
false
This is read-only and returns a Locale::Unicode::Boolean object
representing a false value.
fw
This is an alias for "first_day"
first_day
This is a Unicode First Day Identifier that specifies the preferred
first day of the week for calendar display.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "fw".
Its values are "sun", "mon", etc... "sat"
h0
This is an alias for "hybrid"
hc
This is an alias for "hour_cycle"
hour_cycle
This is a Unicode Hour Cycle Identifier that specifies the preferred
time cycle.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "hc".
hybrid
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ru' );
$locale->transform( 'en' );
$locale->hybrid(1); # true
# or
# $locale->hybrid( 'hybrid' );
# or
# $locale->h0( 'hybrid' );
# Now: ru-t-en-h0-hybrid
# Hybrid Cyrillic - Runglish
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'en' );
$locale->transform( 'zh-hant' );
$locale->hybrid( 'hybrid' );
# Now: en-t-zh-hant-h0-hybrid
# which is Hybrid Latin - Chinglish
Those are Hybrid Locale Identifiers indicating that the "t" value is a
language that is mixed into the main language tag to form a hybrid.
Sets or gets the Transformation extension "h0".
See the section on "Transform extensions" for more information.
i0
This is an alias for "input"
k0
This is an alias for "keyboard"
input
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'zh' );
$locale->input( 'pinyin' );
# Now: zh-t-i0-pinyin
This is an Input Method Engine transformation.
Sets or gets the Transformation extension "i0".
See the section on "Transform extensions" for more information.
ka
This is an alias for "colAlternate"
kb
This is an alias for "colBackwards"
kc
This is an alias for "colCaseLevel"
keyboard
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'en' );
$locale->keyboard( 'dvorak' );
# Now: en-t-k0-dvorak
This is a keyboard transformation, such as used by client-side virtual
keyboards.
Sets or gets the Transformation extension "k0".
See the section on "Transform extensions" for more information.
kf
This is an alias for "colCaseFirst"
kh
This is an alias for "colHiraganaQuaternary"
kk
This is an alias for "colNormalization"
kn
This is an alias for "colNumeric"
kr
This is an alias for "colReorder"
ks
This is an alias for "colStrength"
kv
This is an alias for "colValue"
lang
# current value: fr-FR
$obj->lang( 'de' );
# Now: de-FR
Sets or gets the "locale" part of this Local object.
See also "locale"
lb
This is an alias for "line_break"
line_break
This is a Unicode Line Break Style Identifier that specifies a preferred
line break style corresponding to the CSS level 3 line-break option.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "lb".
line_break_word
This is a Unicode Line Break Word Identifier that specifies a preferred
line break word handling behavior corresponding to the CSS level 3
word-break option
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "lw".
locale
This is an alias for "lang"
locale3
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'jpn' );
$locale->script( 'Kana' );
# Now: jpn-Kana
Sets or gets the 3-letter ISO 639-2 code
mind, however, that to ensure stability, the LDML (Locale Data Markup
Language) also uses old data.
lw
This is an alias for "line_break_word"
m0
This is an alias for "mechanism"
machine
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ja' );
$locale->transform( 'de' );
$locale->machine( 'und' );
# Now: ja-t-de-t0-und
# Japanese translated from Germany by an undefined vendor
This is used to indicate content that has been machine translated, or a
request for a particular type of machine translation of content.
Sets or gets the Transformation extension "t0".
See the section on "Transform extensions" for more information.
measurement
This is a Unicode Measurement System Identifier that specifies a
preferred measurement system.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "ms".
mechanism
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'und-Latn' );
$locale->transform( 'ru' );
$locale->mechanism( 'ungegn-2007' );
# Now: und-Latn-t-ru-m0-ungegn-2007
# representing a transformation from United Nations Group of Experts on
# Geographical Names in 2007
This is a transformation mechanism referencing an authority or rules for
a type of transformation.
Sets or gets the Transformation extension "m0".
See the section on "Transform extensions" for more information.
ms
This is an alias for "measurement"
mu
This is an alias for "unit"
nu
This is an alias for "number"
number
This is a Unicode Number System Identifier that specifies a type of
number system.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "nu".
private
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ja-JP' );
$locale->private( 'something-else' );
# Now: ja-JP-x-something-else
This serves to set or get the value for a private subtag.
region
# current value: fr-FR
$locale->region( 'DE' );
# Now: fr-DE
Sets or gets the "region" part of a Unicode locale.
This is normally an ISO3166-1 country code.
region_override
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'en-GB' );
$locale->region_override( 'uszzzz' );
# Now: en-GB-u-rg-uszzzz
# which is a locale for British English but with region-specific defaults set to US.
This is a Unicode Region Override that specifies an alternate region to
use for obtaining certain region-specific default values.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "rg".
reset
When provided with any argument, this will reset the cached value
computed by "as_string"
rg
This is an alias for "region_override"
s0
This is an alias for "source"
script
# current value: zh-Hans
$locale->script( 'Hant' );
# Now: zh-Hant
Sets or gets the "script" part of the Locale identifier.
sd
This is an alias for "subdivision"
sentence_break
This is a Unicode Sentence Break Suppressions Identifier that specifies
a set of data to be used for suppressing certain sentence breaks.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "ss".
source
This is a transformation source for non-languages or scripts, such as
fullwidth-halfwidth conversion.
Sets or gets the Transformation extension "s0".
See the section on "Transform extensions" for more information.
ss
This is an alias for "sentence_break"
subdivision
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'gsw' );
$locale->subdivision( 'chzh' );
# or
# $locale->sd( 'chzh' );
# Now: gsw-u-sd-chzh
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'en-US' );
$locale->sd( 'usca' );
# Now: en-US-u-sd-usca
This is a Unicode Subdivision Identifier that specifies a regional
subdivision used for locale. This is typically the States in the U.S.,
or prefectures in France or Japan, or provinces in Canada.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "sd".
Be careful of the rule in the standard. For example, "en-CA-u-sd-gbsct"
would be invalid because "gb" in "gbsct" does not match the region
subtag "CA"
t0
This is an alias for "machine"
t_private
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ja' );
$locale->transform( 'und' );
$locale->t_private( 'medical' );
# Now: ja-t-de-t0-und-x0-medical
This is a private transformation subtag.
Sets or gets the Transformation private subtag "x0".
t_x0
This is an alias for "t_private"
time_zone
This is a Unicode Timezone Identifier that specifies a time zone.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "tz".
timezone
This is an alias for "time_zone"
transform
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ja' );
$locale->transform( 'it' );
# Now: ja-t-it
# which is Japanese, transformed from Italian
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ja-Kana' );
$locale->transform( 'it' );
# Now: ja-Kana-t-it
# which is Japanese Katakana, transformed from Italian
# 'und' is undefined and is perfectly valid
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'und-Latn' );
$locale->transform( 'und-cyrl' );
# Now: und-Latn-t-und-cyrl
# which is Latin script, transformed from the Cyrillic script
Sets or gets the Transformation extension "t".
transform_locale
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new( 'ja' );
my $locale2 = Locale::Unicode->new( 'it' );
$locale->transform_locale( $locale2 );
# Now: ja-t-it
my $object = $locale->transform_locale;
Sets or gets a Locale::Unicode object used to indicate the original
locale subject to transformation.
This will trigger an exception if a value, other than "Locale::Unicode"
or an inheriting class object, is set.
See the section on "Transform extensions" for more information.
translation
Sets or gets the Transformation extension "t0".
true
This is read-only and returns a Locale::Unicode::Boolean object
representing a true value.
tz
This is an alias for "time_zone"
unit
This is a Measurement Unit Preference Override that specifies an
override for measurement unit preference.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "mu".
va
This is an alias for "variant"
variant
This is a Unicode Variant Identifier that specifies a special variant
used for locales.
Sets or gets the Unicode extension "va".
vt
This is an alias for "colVariableTop"
CLASS FUNCTIONS
matches
Provided with a BCP47 locale, and this returns an hash reference of its
components if it matches the BCP47 regular expression, which can be
accessed as global class variable $LOCALE_RE.
If nothing matches, it returns an empty string in scalar context, or an
empty list in list context.
If an error occurs, its sets an error object and returns "undef" in
scalar context, or an empty list in list context.
parse
my $hash_ref = Locale::Unicode->parse( 'ja-Kana-t-it' );
# Transcription in Japanese Katakana of an Italian word:
# {
# ext_transform => "t-it",
# ext_transform_subtag => "it",
# locale => "ja",
# script => "Kana",
# }
my $hash_ref = Locale::Unicode->parse( 'he-IL-u-ca-hebrew-tz-jeruslm' );
# Represents Hebrew as spoken in Israel, using the traditional Hebrew calendar,
# and in the "Asia/Jerusalem" time zone
# {
# country_code => "IL",
# ext_unicode => "u-ca-hebrew-tz-jeruslm",
# ext_unicode_subtag => "ca-hebrew-tz-jeruslm",
# locale => "he",
# }
Provided with a BCP47 locale, and an optional hash reference like the
one returned by matches, and this will return an hash reference with
detailed broken down of the locale embedded information, as per the
Unicode BCP47 standard.
tz_id2name
Provided with a CLDR timezone ID, such as "jptyo" for "Asia/Tokyo", and
this returns the IANA Olson name equivalent, which, in this case, would
be "Asia/Tokyo"
If an error occurs, its sets an error object and returns "undef" in
scalar context, or an empty list in list context.
tz_id2names
my $ref = Locale::Unicode->tz_id2names( 'unknown' );
# yields an empty array object
my $ref = Locale::Unicode->tz_id2names( 'jptyo' );
# Asia/Tokyo
Provided with a CLDR timezone ID, such as "ausyd", which stands
primarily for "Australia/Sydney", and this returns an array object of
IANA Olson timezone names, which, in this case, would yield:
"['Australia/Sydney', 'Australia/ACT', 'Australia/Canberra',
'Australia/NSW']"
The order is set by BCP47 timezone data
>
If an error occurs, its sets an error object and returns "undef" in
scalar context, or an empty list in list context.
tz_info
my $def = Locale::Unicode->tz_id2names( 'jptyo' );
# yields the following hash reference:
# {
# alias => [qw( Asia/Tokyo Japan )],
# desc => "Tokyo, Japan",
# tz => "Asia/Tokyo",
# }
my $def = Locale::Unicode->tz_id2names( 'unknown' );
# yields an empty string (not undef)
Provided with a CLDR timezone ID, such as "jptyo" and this returns an
hash reference representing the dictionary entry for that ID.
If no information exists for the given timezone ID, an empty string is
returned. "undef" is returned only for errors.
If an error occurs, its sets an error object and returns "undef" in
scalar context, or an empty list in list context.
tz_name2id
my $id = Locale::Unicode->tz_name2id( 'Asia/Tokyo' );
# jptyo
my $id = Locale::Unicode->tz_name2id( 'Australia/Canberra' );
# ausyd
Provided with an IANA Olson timezone name, such as "Asia/Tokyo" and this
returns its CLDR equivalent, which, in this case, would be "jptyo"
If none exists, an empty string is returned.
If an error occurs, its sets an error object and returns "undef" in
scalar context, or an empty list in list context.
OVERLOADING
Any object from this class is overloaded and stringifies to its locale
representation.
For example:
my $locale = Locale::Unicode->new('ja-Kana-t-it' );
say $locale; # ja-Kana-t-it
$locale->transform( 'de' );
say $locale; # ja-Kana-t-de
BCP47 EXTENSIONS
Unicode extensions
Example:
* "gsw-u-sd-chzh"
Known BCP47 language extensions
* "ca"
A Unicode calendar identifier
specifies a type of calendar used for formatting and parsing, such
as date/time symbols and patterns; it also selects supplemental
calendarData used for calendrical calculations. The value can affect
the computation of the first day of the week.
For example:
* "ja-u-ca-japanese"
Japanese Imperial calendar
* "th-u-ca-buddhist"
Thai with Buddist calendar
Possible values
.xml> are:
* "buddhist"
Thai Buddhist calendar
* "chinese"
Traditional Chinese calendar
* "coptic"
Coptic calendar
* "dangi"
Traditional Korean calendar
* "ethioaa"
Ethiopic calendar, Amete Alem (epoch approx. 5493 B.C.E)
* "ethiopic"
Ethiopic calendar, Amete Mihret (epoch approx, 8 C.E.)
* "gregory"
Gregorian calendar
* "hebrew"
Traditional Hebrew calendar
* "indian"
Indian calendar
* "islamic"
Hijri calendar
* "islamic-civil"
Hijri calendar, tabular (intercalary years
[2,5,7,10,13,16,18,21,24,26,29] - civil epoch)
* "islamic-rgsa"
Hijri calendar, Saudi Arabia sighting
* "islamic-tbla"
Hijri calendar, tabular (intercalary years
[2,5,7,10,13,16,18,21,24,26,29] - astronomical epoch)
* "islamic-umalqura"
Hijri calendar, Umm al-Qura
* "islamicc"
Civil (algorithmic) Arabic calendar
* "iso8601"
ISO calendar (Gregorian calendar using the ISO 8601 calendar
week rules)
* "japanese"
Japanese Imperial calendar
* "persian"
Persian calendar
* "roc"
Republic of China calendar
* "cf"
A Unicode currency format identifier
Typical values are:
* "standard"
Default value. Negative numbers use the minusSign symbol.
* "account"
Negative numbers use parentheses or equivalent.
* "co"
A Unicode collation identifier
specifies a type of collation (sort order).
Possible values
n.xml> are:
* "big5han"
Pinyin ordering for Latin, big5 charset ordering for CJK
characters (used in Chinese)
* "compat"
A previous version of the ordering, for compatibility
* "dict"
Dictionary style ordering (such as in Sinhala)
* "direct"
Binary code point order (used in Hindi)
* "ducet"
The default Unicode collation element table order
* "emoji"
Recommended ordering for emoji characters
* "eor"
European ordering rules
* "gb2312"
Pinyin ordering for Latin, gb2312han charset ordering for
CJK characters (used in Chinese)
* "phonebk"
Phonebook style ordering (such as in German)
* "phonetic"
Phonetic ordering (sorting based on pronunciation)
* "pinyin"
Pinyin ordering for Latin and for CJK characters (used in
Chinese)
* "reformed"
Reformed ordering (such as in Swedish)
* "search"
Special collation type for string search
* "searchjl"
Special collation type for Korean initial consonant search
* "standard"
Default ordering for each language
* "stroke"
Pinyin ordering for Latin, stroke order for CJK characters
(used in Chinese)
* "trad"
Traditional style ordering (such as in Spanish)
* "unihan"
Pinyin ordering for Latin, Unihan radical-stroke ordering
for CJK characters (used in Chinese)
* "zhuyin"
Pinyin ordering for Latin, zhuyin order for Bopomofo and CJK
characters (used in Chinese)
For example: "de-u-co-phonebk-ka-shifted" (German using Phonebook
sorting, ignore punct.)
* "cu"
A Unicode Currency Identifier
specifies a type of currency (ISO 4217 code
.xml>) consisting of 3 ASCII letters that are or have been valid in
ISO 4217, plus certain additional codes that are or have been in
common use.
For example: "ja-u-cu-jpy" (Japanese yens)
* "dx"
A Unicode Dictionary Break Exclusion Identifier
entifier> specifies scripts to be excluded from dictionary-based
text break (for words and lines).
A proper value is one or more Unicode script subtags separated by
hyphen. Their order is not important, but canonical order is
alphabetical, such as "dx-hani-thai"
For example:
* "dx-hani-hira-kata"
* "dx-thai-hani"
* "em"
A Unicode Emoji Presentation Style Identifier
tifier> specifies a request for the preferred emoji presentation
style.
Possible values
xml> are:
* "emoji"
Use an emoji presentation for emoji characters if possible.
* "text"
Use a text presentation for emoji characters if possible.
* "default"
Use the default presentation for emoji characters as
specified in UTR #51
* "fw"
A Unicode First Day Identifier
defines the preferred first day of the week for calendar display.
Possible values
.xml> are:
* "sun"
Sunday
* "mon"
Monday
* "tue"
Tuesday
* "wed"
Wednesday
* "thu"
Thursday
* "fri"
Friday
* "sat"
Saturday
* "hc"
A Unicode Hour Cycle Identifier
defines the preferred time cycle.
Possible values
.xml> are:
* "h12"
Hour system using 1–12; corresponds to "h" in patterns
* "h23"
Hour system using 0–23; corresponds to "H" in patterns
* "h11"
Hour system using 0–11; corresponds to "K" in patterns
* "h24"
Hour system using 1–24; corresponds to "k" in pattern
* "lb"
A Unicode Line Break Style Identifier
defines a preferred line break style corresponding to the CSS level
3 line-break option
Possible values
3a9b909eac3151/common/bcp47/segmentation.xml#L16> are:
* "strict"
CSS level 3 line-break=strict, e.g. treat CJ as NS
* "normal"
CSS level 3 line-break=normal, e.g. treat CJ as ID, break
before hyphens for ja,zh
* "loose"
CSS lev 3 line-break=loose
* "lw"
A Unicode Line Break Word Identifier
defines preferred line break word handling behavior corresponding to
the CSS level 3 word-break option
Possible values
tion.xml> are:
* "normal"
CSS level 3 word-break=normal, normal script/language
behavior for midword breaks
* "breakall"
CSS level 3 word-break=break-all, allow midword breaks
unless forbidden by lb setting
* "keepall"
CSS level 3 word-break=keep-all, prohibit midword breaks
except for dictionary breaks
* "phrase"
Prioritise keeping natural phrases (of multiple words)
together when breaking, used in short text like title and
headline
* "ms"
A Unicode Measurement System Identifier
r> defines a preferred measurement system. Specifying "ms" in a
locale identifier overrides the default value specified by
supplemental measurement system data for the region
Possible values
xml> are:
* "metric"
Metric System
* "ussystem"
US System of measurement: feet, pints, etc.; pints are 16oz
* "uksystem"
UK System of measurement: feet, pints, etc.; pints are 20oz
* "mu"
A Measurement Unit Preference Override
> defines an override for measurement unit preference.
Possible values
xml> are:
* "celsius"
Celsius as temperature unit
* "kelvin"
Kelvin as temperature unit
* "fahrenhe"
Fahrenheit as temperature unit
* "nu"
A Unicode Number System Identifier
defines a type of number system.
For example: "ar-u-nu-native" (Arabic with native digits such as
"٠١٢٣٤"), or "ar-u-nu-latn" (Arabic with Western digits such as
"01234")
Possible values
ml> are:
* "4-letters Unicode script subtag"
* "arabext"
Extended Arabic-Indic digits ("arab" means the base
Arabic-Indic digits)
* "armnlow"
Armenian lowercase numerals
* "finance"
Financial numerals
* "fullwide"
Full width digits
* "greklow"
Greek lower case numerals
* "hanidays"
Han-character day-of-month numbering for lunar/other
traditional calendars
* "hanidec"
Positional decimal system using Chinese number ideographs as
digits
* "hansfin"
Simplified Chinese financial numerals
* "hantfin"
Traditional Chinese financial numerals
* "jpanfin"
Japanese financial numerals
* "jpanyear"
Japanese first-year Gannen numbering for Japanese calendar
* "lanatham"
Tai Tham Tham (ecclesiastical) digits
* "mathbold"
Mathematical bold digits
* "mathdbl"
Mathematical double-struck digits
* "mathmono"
Mathematical monospace digits
* "mathsanb"
Mathematical sans-serif bold digits
* "mathsans"
Mathematical sans-serif digits
* "mymrepka"
Myanmar Eastern Pwo Karen digits
* "mymrpao"
Myanmar Pao digits
* "mymrshan"
Myanmar Shan digits
* "mymrtlng"
Myanmar Tai Laing digits
* "native"
Native digits
* "outlined"
Legacy computing outlined digits
* "roman"
Roman numerals
* "romanlow"
Roman lowercase numerals
* "segment"
Legacy computing segmented digits
* "tamldec"
Modern Tamil decimal digits
* "traditio"
Traditional numerals
* "rg"
specifies an alternate region to use for obtaining certain
region-specific default values
For example: "en-GB-u-rg-uszzzz" representing a locale for British
English but with region-specific defaults set to US.
* "sd"
A Unicode Subdivision Identifier
defines a regional subdivision
for locales.
They are called various names, such as a state in the United States,
or a prefecture in Japan or France, or a province in Canada.
For example:
* "en-u-sd-uszzzz"
Subdivision codes for unknown values are the region code
plus "zzzz", such as here with "uszzzz" for an unknown
subdivision of the US.
* "en-US-u-sd-usca"
English as used in California, USA
"en-CA-u-sd-gbsct" would be invalid because "gb" in "gbsct" does not
match the region subtag "CA"
* "ss"
A Unicode Sentence Break Suppressions Identifier
dentifier> defines a set of data to be used for suppressing certain
sentence breaks
Possible values
3a9b909eac3151/common/bcp47/segmentation.xml#L29> are:
* "none" (default)
Do not use sentence break suppressions data
* "standard"
Use sentence break suppressions data of type "standard"
* "tz"
A Unicode Timezone Identifier
defines a timezone.
To access those values, check the class functions "tz_id2name",
tz_id2names, "tz_info" and "tz_name2id"
Possible values
.xml> are:
* "adalv"
Name: Andorra
Time zone: "Europe/Andorra"
* "aedxb"
Name: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Time zone: "Asia/Dubai"
* "afkbl"
Name: Kabul, Afghanistan
Time zone: "Asia/Kabul"
* "aganu"
Name: Antigua
Time zone: "America/Antigua"
* "aiaxa"
Name: Anguilla
Time zone: "America/Anguilla"
* "altia"
Name: Tirane, Albania
Time zone: "Europe/Tirane"
* "amevn"
Name: Yerevan, Armenia
Time zone: "Asia/Yerevan"
* "ancur"
Name: Curaçao
Time zone: "America/Curacao"
* "aolad"
Name: Luanda, Angola
Time zone: "Africa/Luanda"
* "aqams"
Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole
Deprecated. See instead "nzakl"
* "aqcas"
Name: Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
Time zone: "Antarctica/Casey"
* "aqdav"
Name: Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
Time zone: "Antarctica/Davis"
* "aqddu"
Name: Dumont d'Urville Station, Terre Adélie
Time zone: "Antarctica/DumontDUrville"
* "aqmaw"
Name: Mawson Station, Holme Bay
Time zone: "Antarctica/Mawson"
* "aqmcm"
Name: McMurdo Station, Ross Island
Time zone: "Antarctica/McMurdo"
* "aqplm"
Name: Palmer Station, Anvers Island
Time zone: "Antarctica/Palmer"
* "aqrot"
Name: Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
Time zone: "Antarctica/Rothera"
* "aqsyw"
Name: Syowa Station, East Ongul Island
Time zone: "Antarctica/Syowa"
* "aqtrl"
Name: Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
Time zone: "Antarctica/Troll"
* "aqvos"
Name: Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
Time zone: "Antarctica/Vostok"
* "arbue"
Name: Buenos Aires, Argentina
Time zone: "America/Buenos_Aires",
"America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires"
* "arcor"
Name: Córdoba, Argentina
Time zone: "America/Cordoba", "America/Argentina/Cordoba",
"America/Rosario"
* "arctc"
Name: Catamarca, Argentina
Time zone: "America/Catamarca",
"America/Argentina/Catamarca",
"America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia"
* "arirj"
Name: La Rioja, Argentina
Time zone: "America/Argentina/La_Rioja"
* "arjuj"
Name: Jujuy, Argentina
Time zone: "America/Jujuy", "America/Argentina/Jujuy"
* "arluq"
Name: San Luis, Argentina
Time zone: "America/Argentina/San_Luis"
* "armdz"
Name: Mendoza, Argentina
Time zone: "America/Mendoza", "America/Argentina/Mendoza"
* "arrgl"
Name: Río Gallegos, Argentina
Time zone: "America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos"
* "arsla"
Name: Salta, Argentina
Time zone: "America/Argentina/Salta"
* "artuc"
Name: Tucumán, Argentina
Time zone: "America/Argentina/Tucuman"
* "aruaq"
Name: San Juan, Argentina
Time zone: "America/Argentina/San_Juan"
* "arush"
Name: Ushuaia, Argentina
Time zone: "America/Argentina/Ushuaia"
* "asppg"
Name: Pago Pago, American Samoa
Time zone: "Pacific/Pago_Pago", "Pacific/Samoa", "US/Samoa"
* "atvie"
Name: Vienna, Austria
Time zone: "Europe/Vienna"
* "auadl"
Name: Adelaide, Australia
Time zone: "Australia/Adelaide", "Australia/South"
* "aubhq"
Name: Broken Hill, Australia
Time zone: "Australia/Broken_Hill", "Australia/Yancowinna"
* "aubne"
Name: Brisbane, Australia
Time zone: "Australia/Brisbane", "Australia/Queensland"
* "audrw"
Name: Darwin, Australia
Time zone: "Australia/Darwin", "Australia/North"
* "aueuc"
Name: Eucla, Australia
Time zone: "Australia/Eucla"
* "auhba"
Name: Hobart, Australia
Time zone: "Australia/Hobart", "Australia/Tasmania",
"Australia/Currie"
* "aukns"
Currie, Australia
Deprecated. See instead "auhba"
* "auldc"
Name: Lindeman Island, Australia
Time zone: "Australia/Lindeman"
* "auldh"
Name: Lord Howe Island, Australia
Time zone: "Australia/Lord_Howe", "Australia/LHI"
* "aumel"
Name: Melbourne, Australia
Time zone: "Australia/Melbourne", "Australia/Victoria"
* "aumqi"
Name: Macquarie Island Station, Macquarie Island
Time zone: "Antarctica/Macquarie"
* "auper"
Name: Perth, Australia
Time zone: "Australia/Perth", "Australia/West"
* "ausyd"
Name: Sydney, Australia
Time zone: "Australia/Sydney", "Australia/ACT",
"Australia/Canberra", "Australia/NSW"
* "awaua"
Name: Aruba
Time zone: "America/Aruba"
* "azbak"
Name: Baku, Azerbaijan
Time zone: "Asia/Baku"
* "basjj"
Name: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Time zone: "Europe/Sarajevo"
* "bbbgi"
Name: Barbados
Time zone: "America/Barbados"
* "bddac"
Name: Dhaka, Bangladesh
Time zone: "Asia/Dhaka", "Asia/Dacca"
* "bebru"
Name: Brussels, Belgium
Time zone: "Europe/Brussels"
* "bfoua"
Name: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Time zone: "Africa/Ouagadougou"
* "bgsof"
Name: Sofia, Bulgaria
Time zone: "Europe/Sofia"
* "bhbah"
Name: Bahrain
Time zone: "Asia/Bahrain"
* "bibjm"
Name: Bujumbura, Burundi
Time zone: "Africa/Bujumbura"
* "bjptn"
Name: Porto-Novo, Benin
Time zone: "Africa/Porto-Novo"
* "bmbda"
Name: Bermuda
Time zone: "Atlantic/Bermuda"
* "bnbwn"
Name: Brunei
Time zone: "Asia/Brunei"
* "bolpb"
Name: La Paz, Bolivia
Time zone: "America/La_Paz"
* "bqkra"
Name: Bonaire, Sint Estatius and Saba
Time zone: "America/Kralendijk"
* "braux"
Name: Araguaína, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Araguaina"
* "brbel"
Name: Belém, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Belem"
* "brbvb"
Name: Boa Vista, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Boa_Vista"
* "brcgb"
Name: Cuiabá, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Cuiaba"
* "brcgr"
Name: Campo Grande, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Campo_Grande"
* "brern"
Name: Eirunepé, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Eirunepe"
* "brfen"
Name: Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Noronha", "Brazil/DeNoronha"
* "brfor"
Name: Fortaleza, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Fortaleza"
* "brmao"
Name: Manaus, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Manaus", "Brazil/West"
* "brmcz"
Name: Maceió, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Maceio"
* "brpvh"
Name: Porto Velho, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Porto_Velho"
* "brrbr"
Name: Rio Branco, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Rio_Branco", "America/Porto_Acre",
"Brazil/Acre"
* "brrec"
Name: Recife, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Recife"
* "brsao"
Name: São Paulo, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Sao_Paulo", "Brazil/East"
* "brssa"
Name: Bahia, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Bahia"
* "brstm"
Name: Santarém, Brazil
Time zone: "America/Santarem"
* "bsnas"
Name: Nassau, Bahamas
Time zone: "America/Nassau"
* "btthi"
Name: Thimphu, Bhutan
Time zone: "Asia/Thimphu", "Asia/Thimbu"
* "bwgbe"
Name: Gaborone, Botswana
Time zone: "Africa/Gaborone"
* "bymsq"
Name: Minsk, Belarus
Time zone: "Europe/Minsk"
* "bzbze"
Name: Belize
Time zone: "America/Belize"
* "cacfq"
Name: Creston, Canada
Time zone: "America/Creston"
* "caedm"
Name: Edmonton, Canada
Time zone: "America/Edmonton", "Canada/Mountain",
"America/Yellowknife"
* "caffs"
Rainy River, Canada
Deprecated. See instead "cawnp"
* "cafne"
Name: Fort Nelson, Canada
Time zone: "America/Fort_Nelson"
* "caglb"
Name: Glace Bay, Canada
Time zone: "America/Glace_Bay"
* "cagoo"
Name: Goose Bay, Canada
Time zone: "America/Goose_Bay"
* "cahal"
Name: Halifax, Canada
Time zone: "America/Halifax", "Canada/Atlantic"
* "caiql"
Name: Iqaluit, Canada
Time zone: "America/Iqaluit", "America/Pangnirtung"
* "camon"
Name: Moncton, Canada
Time zone: "America/Moncton"
* "camtr"
Montreal, Canada
Deprecated. See instead "cator"
* "capnt"
Pangnirtung, Canada
Deprecated. See instead "caiql"
* "careb"
Name: Resolute, Canada
Time zone: "America/Resolute"
* "careg"
Name: Regina, Canada
Time zone: "America/Regina", "Canada/East-Saskatchewan",
"Canada/Saskatchewan"
* "casjf"
Name: St. John's, Canada
Time zone: "America/St_Johns", "Canada/Newfoundland"
* "canpg"
Nipigon, Canada
Deprecated. See instead "cator"
* "cathu"
Thunder Bay, Canada
Deprecated. See instead "cator"
* "cator"
Name: Toronto, Canada
Time zone: "America/Toronto", "America/Montreal",
"Canada/Eastern", "America/Nipigon", "America/Thunder_Bay"
* "cavan"
Name: Vancouver, Canada
Time zone: "America/Vancouver", "Canada/Pacific"
* "cawnp"
Name: Winnipeg, Canada
Time zone: "America/Winnipeg", "Canada/Central",
"America/Rainy_River"
* "caybx"
Name: Blanc-Sablon, Canada
Time zone: "America/Blanc-Sablon"
* "caycb"
Name: Cambridge Bay, Canada
Time zone: "America/Cambridge_Bay"
* "cayda"
Name: Dawson, Canada
Time zone: "America/Dawson"
* "caydq"
Name: Dawson Creek, Canada
Time zone: "America/Dawson_Creek"
* "cayek"
Name: Rankin Inlet, Canada
Time zone: "America/Rankin_Inlet"
* "cayev"
Name: Inuvik, Canada
Time zone: "America/Inuvik"
* "cayxy"
Name: Whitehorse, Canada
Time zone: "America/Whitehorse", "Canada/Yukon"
* "cayyn"
Name: Swift Current, Canada
Time zone: "America/Swift_Current"
* "cayzf"
Yellowknife, Canada
Deprecated. See instead "caedm"
* "cayzs"
Name: Atikokan, Canada
Time zone: "America/Coral_Harbour", "America/Atikokan"
* "cccck"
Name: Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Time zone: "Indian/Cocos"
* "cdfbm"
Name: Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Time zone: "Africa/Lubumbashi"
* "cdfih"
Name: Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Time zone: "Africa/Kinshasa"
* "cfbgf"
Name: Bangui, Central African Republic
Time zone: "Africa/Bangui"
* "cgbzv"
Name: Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
Time zone: "Africa/Brazzaville"
* "chzrh"
Name: Zurich, Switzerland
Time zone: "Europe/Zurich"
* "ciabj"
Name: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
Time zone: "Africa/Abidjan"
* "ckrar"
Name: Rarotonga, Cook Islands
Time zone: "Pacific/Rarotonga"
* "clipc"
Name: Easter Island, Chile
Time zone: "Pacific/Easter", "Chile/EasterIsland"
* "clpuq"
Name: Punta Arenas, Chile
Time zone: "America/Punta_Arenas"
* "clscl"
Name: Santiago, Chile
Time zone: "America/Santiago", "Chile/Continental"
* "cmdla"
Name: Douala, Cameroon
Time zone: "Africa/Douala"
* "cnckg"
Chongqing, China
Deprecated. See instead "cnsha"
* "cnhrb"
Harbin, China
Deprecated. See instead "cnsha"
* "cnkhg"
Kashgar, China
Deprecated. See instead "cnurc"
* "cnsha"
Name: Shanghai, China
Time zone: "Asia/Shanghai", "Asia/Chongqing",
"Asia/Chungking", "Asia/Harbin", "PRC"
* "cnurc"
Name: Ürümqi, China
Time zone: "Asia/Urumqi", "Asia/Kashgar"
* "cobog"
Name: Bogotá, Colombia
Time zone: "America/Bogota"
* "crsjo"
Name: Costa Rica
Time zone: "America/Costa_Rica"
* "cst6cdt"
Name: POSIX style time zone for US Central Time
Time zone: "CST6CDT"
* "cuhav"
Name: Havana, Cuba
Time zone: "America/Havana", "Cuba"
* "cvrai"
Name: Cape Verde
Time zone: "Atlantic/Cape_Verde"
* "cxxch"
Name: Christmas Island
Time zone: "Indian/Christmas"
* "cyfmg"
Name: Famagusta, Cyprus
Time zone: "Asia/Famagusta"
* "cynic"
Name: Nicosia, Cyprus
Time zone: "Asia/Nicosia", "Europe/Nicosia"
* "czprg"
Name: Prague, Czech Republic
Time zone: "Europe/Prague"
* "deber"
Name: Berlin, Germany
Time zone: "Europe/Berlin"
* "debsngn"
Name: Busingen, Germany
Time zone: "Europe/Busingen"
* "djjib"
Name: Djibouti
Time zone: "Africa/Djibouti"
* "dkcph"
Name: Copenhagen, Denmark
Time zone: "Europe/Copenhagen"
* "dmdom"
Name: Dominica
Time zone: "America/Dominica"
* "dosdq"
Name: Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Time zone: "America/Santo_Domingo"
* "dzalg"
Name: Algiers, Algeria
Time zone: "Africa/Algiers"
* "ecgps"
Name: Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
Time zone: "Pacific/Galapagos"
* "ecgye"
Name: Guayaquil, Ecuador
Time zone: "America/Guayaquil"
* "eetll"
Name: Tallinn, Estonia
Time zone: "Europe/Tallinn"
* "egcai"
Name: Cairo, Egypt
Time zone: "Africa/Cairo", "Egypt"
* "eheai"
Name: El Aaiún, Western Sahara
Time zone: "Africa/El_Aaiun"
* "erasm"
Name: Asmara, Eritrea
Time zone: "Africa/Asmera", "Africa/Asmara"
* "esceu"
Name: Ceuta, Spain
Time zone: "Africa/Ceuta"
* "eslpa"
Name: Canary Islands, Spain
Time zone: "Atlantic/Canary"
* "esmad"
Name: Madrid, Spain
Time zone: "Europe/Madrid"
* "est5edt"
Name: POSIX style time zone for US Eastern Time
Time zone: "EST5EDT"
* "etadd"
Name: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Time zone: "Africa/Addis_Ababa"
* "fihel"
Name: Helsinki, Finland
Time zone: "Europe/Helsinki"
* "fimhq"
Name: Mariehamn, Åland, Finland
Time zone: "Europe/Mariehamn"
* "fjsuv"
Name: Fiji
Time zone: "Pacific/Fiji"
* "fkpsy"
Name: Stanley, Falkland Islands
Time zone: "Atlantic/Stanley"
* "fmksa"
Name: Kosrae, Micronesia
Time zone: "Pacific/Kosrae"
* "fmpni"
Name: Pohnpei, Micronesia
Time zone: "Pacific/Ponape", "Pacific/Pohnpei"
* "fmtkk"
Name: Chuuk, Micronesia
Time zone: "Pacific/Truk", "Pacific/Chuuk", "Pacific/Yap"
* "fotho"
Name: Faroe Islands
Time zone: "Atlantic/Faeroe", "Atlantic/Faroe"
* "frpar"
Name: Paris, France
Time zone: "Europe/Paris"
* "galbv"
Name: Libreville, Gabon
Time zone: "Africa/Libreville"
* "gaza"
Gaza Strip, Palestinian Territories
Deprecated. See instead "gazastrp"
* "gazastrp"
Name: Gaza Strip, Palestinian Territories
Time zone: "Asia/Gaza"
* "gblon"
Name: London, United Kingdom
Time zone: "Europe/London", "Europe/Belfast", "GB",
"GB-Eire"
* "gdgnd"
Name: Grenada
Time zone: "America/Grenada"
* "getbs"
Name: Tbilisi, Georgia
Time zone: "Asia/Tbilisi"
* "gfcay"
Name: Cayenne, French Guiana
Time zone: "America/Cayenne"
* "gggci"
Name: Guernsey
Time zone: "Europe/Guernsey"
* "ghacc"
Name: Accra, Ghana
Time zone: "Africa/Accra"
* "gigib"
Name: Gibraltar
Time zone: "Europe/Gibraltar"
* "gldkshvn"
Name: Danmarkshavn, Greenland
Time zone: "America/Danmarkshavn"
* "glgoh"
Name: Nuuk (Godthåb), Greenland
Time zone: "America/Godthab", "America/Nuuk"
* "globy"
Name: Ittoqqortoormiit (Scoresbysund), Greenland
Time zone: "America/Scoresbysund"
* "glthu"
Name: Qaanaaq (Thule), Greenland
Time zone: "America/Thule"
* "gmbjl"
Name: Banjul, Gambia
Time zone: "Africa/Banjul"
* "gmt"
Name: Greenwich Mean Time
Time zone: "Etc/GMT", "Etc/GMT+0", "Etc/GMT-0", "Etc/GMT0",
"Etc/Greenwich", "GMT", "GMT+0", "GMT-0", "GMT0",
"Greenwich"
* "gncky"
Name: Conakry, Guinea
Time zone: "Africa/Conakry"
* "gpbbr"
Name: Guadeloupe
Time zone: "America/Guadeloupe"
* "gpmsb"
Name: Marigot, Saint Martin
Time zone: "America/Marigot"
* "gpsbh"
Name: Saint Barthélemy
Time zone: "America/St_Barthelemy"
* "gqssg"
Name: Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
Time zone: "Africa/Malabo"
* "grath"
Name: Athens, Greece
Time zone: "Europe/Athens"
* "gsgrv"
Name: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Time zone: "Atlantic/South_Georgia"
* "gtgua"
Name: Guatemala
Time zone: "America/Guatemala"
* "gugum"
Name: Guam
Time zone: "Pacific/Guam"
* "gwoxb"
Name: Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
Time zone: "Africa/Bissau"
* "gygeo"
Name: Guyana
Time zone: "America/Guyana"
* "hebron"
Name: West Bank, Palestinian Territories
Time zone: "Asia/Hebron"
* "hkhkg"
Name: Hong Kong SAR China
Time zone: "Asia/Hong_Kong", "Hongkong"
* "hntgu"
Name: Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Time zone: "America/Tegucigalpa"
* "hrzag"
Name: Zagreb, Croatia
Time zone: "Europe/Zagreb"
* "htpap"
Name: Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Time zone: "America/Port-au-Prince"
* "hubud"
Name: Budapest, Hungary
Time zone: "Europe/Budapest"
* "iddjj"
Name: Jayapura, Indonesia
Time zone: "Asia/Jayapura"
* "idjkt"
Name: Jakarta, Indonesia
Time zone: "Asia/Jakarta"
* "idmak"
Name: Makassar, Indonesia
Time zone: "Asia/Makassar", "Asia/Ujung_Pandang"
* "idpnk"
Name: Pontianak, Indonesia
Time zone: "Asia/Pontianak"
* "iedub"
Name: Dublin, Ireland
Time zone: "Europe/Dublin", "Eire"
* "imdgs"
Name: Isle of Man
Time zone: "Europe/Isle_of_Man"
* "inccu"
Name: Kolkata, India
Time zone: "Asia/Calcutta", "Asia/Kolkata"
* "iodga"
Name: Chagos Archipelago
Time zone: "Indian/Chagos"
* "iqbgw"
Name: Baghdad, Iraq
Time zone: "Asia/Baghdad"
* "irthr"
Name: Tehran, Iran
Time zone: "Asia/Tehran", "Iran"
* "isrey"
Name: Reykjavik, Iceland
Time zone: "Atlantic/Reykjavik", "Iceland"
* "itrom"
Name: Rome, Italy
Time zone: "Europe/Rome"
* "jeruslm"
Name: Jerusalem
Time zone: "Asia/Jerusalem", "Asia/Tel_Aviv", "Israel"
* "jesth"
Name: Jersey
Time zone: "Europe/Jersey"
* "jmkin"
Name: Jamaica
Time zone: "America/Jamaica", "Jamaica"
* "joamm"
Name: Amman, Jordan
Time zone: "Asia/Amman"
* "jptyo"
Name: Tokyo, Japan
Time zone: "Asia/Tokyo", "Japan"
* "kenbo"
Name: Nairobi, Kenya
Time zone: "Africa/Nairobi"
* "kgfru"
Name: Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Time zone: "Asia/Bishkek"
* "khpnh"
Name: Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Time zone: "Asia/Phnom_Penh"
* "kicxi"
Name: Kiritimati, Kiribati
Time zone: "Pacific/Kiritimati"
* "kipho"
Name: Enderbury Island, Kiribati
Time zone: "Pacific/Enderbury", "Pacific/Kanton"
* "kitrw"
Name: Tarawa, Kiribati
Time zone: "Pacific/Tarawa"
* "kmyva"
Name: Comoros
Time zone: "Indian/Comoro"
* "knbas"
Name: Saint Kitts
Time zone: "America/St_Kitts"
* "kpfnj"
Name: Pyongyang, North Korea
Time zone: "Asia/Pyongyang"
* "krsel"
Name: Seoul, South Korea
Time zone: "Asia/Seoul", "ROK"
* "kwkwi"
Name: Kuwait
Time zone: "Asia/Kuwait"
* "kygec"
Name: Cayman Islands
Time zone: "America/Cayman"
* "kzaau"
Name: Aqtau, Kazakhstan
Time zone: "Asia/Aqtau"
* "kzakx"
Name: Aqtobe, Kazakhstan
Time zone: "Asia/Aqtobe"
* "kzala"
Name: Almaty, Kazakhstan
Time zone: "Asia/Almaty"
* "kzguw"
Name: Atyrau (Guryev), Kazakhstan
Time zone: "Asia/Atyrau"
* "kzksn"
Name: Qostanay (Kostanay), Kazakhstan
Time zone: "Asia/Qostanay"
* "kzkzo"
Name: Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan
Time zone: "Asia/Qyzylorda"
* "kzura"
Name: Oral, Kazakhstan
Time zone: "Asia/Oral"
* "lavte"
Name: Vientiane, Laos
Time zone: "Asia/Vientiane"
* "lbbey"
Name: Beirut, Lebanon
Time zone: "Asia/Beirut"
* "lccas"
Name: Saint Lucia
Time zone: "America/St_Lucia"
* "livdz"
Name: Vaduz, Liechtenstein
Time zone: "Europe/Vaduz"
* "lkcmb"
Name: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Time zone: "Asia/Colombo"
* "lrmlw"
Name: Monrovia, Liberia
Time zone: "Africa/Monrovia"
* "lsmsu"
Name: Maseru, Lesotho
Time zone: "Africa/Maseru"
* "ltvno"
Name: Vilnius, Lithuania
Time zone: "Europe/Vilnius"
* "lulux"
Name: Luxembourg
Time zone: "Europe/Luxembourg"
* "lvrix"
Name: Riga, Latvia
Time zone: "Europe/Riga"
* "lytip"
Name: Tripoli, Libya
Time zone: "Africa/Tripoli", "Libya"
* "macas"
Name: Casablanca, Morocco
Time zone: "Africa/Casablanca"
* "mcmon"
Name: Monaco
Time zone: "Europe/Monaco"
* "mdkiv"
Name: Chişinău, Moldova
Time zone: "Europe/Chisinau", "Europe/Tiraspol"
* "metgd"
Name: Podgorica, Montenegro
Time zone: "Europe/Podgorica"
* "mgtnr"
Name: Antananarivo, Madagascar
Time zone: "Indian/Antananarivo"
* "mhkwa"
Name: Kwajalein, Marshall Islands
Time zone: "Pacific/Kwajalein", "Kwajalein"
* "mhmaj"
Name: Majuro, Marshall Islands
Time zone: "Pacific/Majuro"
* "mkskp"
Name: Skopje, Macedonia
Time zone: "Europe/Skopje"
* "mlbko"
Name: Bamako, Mali
Time zone: "Africa/Bamako", "Africa/Timbuktu"
* "mmrgn"
Name: Yangon (Rangoon), Burma
Time zone: "Asia/Rangoon", "Asia/Yangon"
* "mncoq"
Name: Choibalsan, Mongolia
Time zone: "Asia/Choibalsan"
* "mnhvd"
Name: Khovd (Hovd), Mongolia
Time zone: "Asia/Hovd"
* "mnuln"
Name: Ulaanbaatar (Ulan Bator), Mongolia
Time zone: "Asia/Ulaanbaatar", "Asia/Ulan_Bator"
* "momfm"
Name: Macau SAR China
Time zone: "Asia/Macau", "Asia/Macao"
* "mpspn"
Name: Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands
Time zone: "Pacific/Saipan"
* "mqfdf"
Name: Martinique
Time zone: "America/Martinique"
* "mrnkc"
Name: Nouakchott, Mauritania
Time zone: "Africa/Nouakchott"
* "msmni"
Name: Montserrat
Time zone: "America/Montserrat"
* "mst7mdt"
Name: POSIX style time zone for US Mountain Time
Time zone: "MST7MDT"
* "mtmla"
Name: Malta
Time zone: "Europe/Malta"
* "muplu"
Name: Mauritius
Time zone: "Indian/Mauritius"
* "mvmle"
Name: Maldives
Time zone: "Indian/Maldives"
* "mwblz"
Name: Blantyre, Malawi
Time zone: "Africa/Blantyre"
* "mxchi"
Name: Chihuahua, Mexico
Time zone: "America/Chihuahua"
* "mxcun"
Name: Cancún, Mexico
Time zone: "America/Cancun"
* "mxcjs"
Name: Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
Time zone: "America/Ciudad_Juarez"
* "mxhmo"
Name: Hermosillo, Mexico
Time zone: "America/Hermosillo"
* "mxmam"
Name: Matamoros, Mexico
Time zone: "America/Matamoros"
* "mxmex"
Name: Mexico City, Mexico
Time zone: "America/Mexico_City", "Mexico/General"
* "mxmid"
Name: Mérida, Mexico
Time zone: "America/Merida"
* "mxmty"
Name: Monterrey, Mexico
Time zone: "America/Monterrey"
* "mxmzt"
Name: Mazatlán, Mexico
Time zone: "America/Mazatlan", "Mexico/BajaSur"
* "mxoji"
Name: Ojinaga, Mexico
Time zone: "America/Ojinaga"
* "mxpvr"
Name: Bahía de Banderas, Mexico
Time zone: "America/Bahia_Banderas"
* "mxstis"
Santa Isabel (Baja California), Mexico
Deprecated. See instead "mxtij"
* "mxtij"
Name: Tijuana, Mexico
Time zone: "America/Tijuana", "America/Ensenada",
"Mexico/BajaNorte", "America/Santa_Isabel"
* "mykch"
Name: Kuching, Malaysia
Time zone: "Asia/Kuching"
* "mykul"
Name: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Time zone: "Asia/Kuala_Lumpur"
* "mzmpm"
Name: Maputo, Mozambique
Time zone: "Africa/Maputo"
* "nawdh"
Name: Windhoek, Namibia
Time zone: "Africa/Windhoek"
* "ncnou"
Name: Noumea, New Caledonia
Time zone: "Pacific/Noumea"
* "nenim"
Name: Niamey, Niger
Time zone: "Africa/Niamey"
* "nfnlk"
Name: Norfolk Island
Time zone: "Pacific/Norfolk"
* "nglos"
Name: Lagos, Nigeria
Time zone: "Africa/Lagos"
* "nimga"
Name: Managua, Nicaragua
Time zone: "America/Managua"
* "nlams"
Name: Amsterdam, Netherlands
Time zone: "Europe/Amsterdam"
* "noosl"
Name: Oslo, Norway
Time zone: "Europe/Oslo"
* "npktm"
Name: Kathmandu, Nepal
Time zone: "Asia/Katmandu", "Asia/Kathmandu"
* "nrinu"
Name: Nauru
Time zone: "Pacific/Nauru"
* "nuiue"
Name: Niue
Time zone: "Pacific/Niue"
* "nzakl"
Name: Auckland, New Zealand
Time zone: "Pacific/Auckland", "Antarctica/South_Pole", "NZ"
* "nzcht"
Name: Chatham Islands, New Zealand
Time zone: "Pacific/Chatham", "NZ-CHAT"
* "ommct"
Name: Muscat, Oman
Time zone: "Asia/Muscat"
* "papty"
Name: Panama
Time zone: "America/Panama"
* "pelim"
Name: Lima, Peru
Time zone: "America/Lima"
* "pfgmr"
Name: Gambiera Islands, French Polynesia
Time zone: "Pacific/Gambier"
* "pfnhv"
Name: Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
Time zone: "Pacific/Marquesas"
* "pfppt"
Name: Tahiti, French Polynesia
Time zone: "Pacific/Tahiti"
* "pgpom"
Name: Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
Time zone: "Pacific/Port_Moresby"
* "pgraw"
Name: Bougainville, Papua New Guinea
Time zone: "Pacific/Bougainville"
* "phmnl"
Name: Manila, Philippines
Time zone: "Asia/Manila"
* "pkkhi"
Name: Karachi, Pakistan
Time zone: "Asia/Karachi"
* "plwaw"
Name: Warsaw, Poland
Time zone: "Europe/Warsaw", "Poland"
* "pmmqc"
Name: Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Time zone: "America/Miquelon"
* "pnpcn"
Name: Pitcairn Islands
Time zone: "Pacific/Pitcairn"
* "prsju"
Name: Puerto Rico
Time zone: "America/Puerto_Rico"
* "pst8pdt"
Name: POSIX style time zone for US Pacific Time
Time zone: "PST8PDT"
* "ptfnc"
Name: Madeira, Portugal
Time zone: "Atlantic/Madeira"
* "ptlis"
Name: Lisbon, Portugal
Time zone: "Europe/Lisbon", "Portugal"
* "ptpdl"
Name: Azores, Portugal
Time zone: "Atlantic/Azores"
* "pwror"
Name: Palau
Time zone: "Pacific/Palau"
* "pyasu"
Name: Asunción, Paraguay
Time zone: "America/Asuncion"
* "qadoh"
Name: Qatar
Time zone: "Asia/Qatar"
* "rereu"
Name: Réunion
Time zone: "Indian/Reunion"
* "robuh"
Name: Bucharest, Romania
Time zone: "Europe/Bucharest"
* "rsbeg"
Name: Belgrade, Serbia
Time zone: "Europe/Belgrade"
* "ruasf"
Name: Astrakhan, Russia
Time zone: "Europe/Astrakhan"
* "rubax"
Name: Barnaul, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Barnaul"
* "ruchita"
Name: Chita Zabaykalsky, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Chita"
* "rudyr"
Name: Anadyr, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Anadyr"
* "rugdx"
Name: Magadan, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Magadan"
* "ruikt"
Name: Irkutsk, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Irkutsk"
* "rukgd"
Name: Kaliningrad, Russia
Time zone: "Europe/Kaliningrad"
* "rukhndg"
Name: Khandyga Tomponsky, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Khandyga"
* "rukra"
Name: Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Krasnoyarsk"
* "rukuf"
Name: Samara, Russia
Time zone: "Europe/Samara"
* "rukvx"
Name: Kirov, Russia
Time zone: "Europe/Kirov"
* "rumow"
Name: Moscow, Russia
Time zone: "Europe/Moscow", "W-SU"
* "runoz"
Name: Novokuznetsk, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Novokuznetsk"
* "ruoms"
Name: Omsk, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Omsk"
* "ruovb"
Name: Novosibirsk, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Novosibirsk"
* "rupkc"
Name: Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Kamchatka"
* "rurtw"
Name: Saratov, Russia
Time zone: "Europe/Saratov"
* "rusred"
Name: Srednekolymsk, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Srednekolymsk"
* "rutof"
Name: Tomsk, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Tomsk"
* "ruuly"
Name: Ulyanovsk, Russia
Time zone: "Europe/Ulyanovsk"
* "ruunera"
Name: Ust-Nera Oymyakonsky, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Ust-Nera"
* "ruuus"
Name: Sakhalin, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Sakhalin"
* "ruvog"
Name: Volgograd, Russia
Time zone: "Europe/Volgograd"
* "ruvvo"
Name: Vladivostok, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Vladivostok"
* "ruyek"
Name: Yekaterinburg, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Yekaterinburg"
* "ruyks"
Name: Yakutsk, Russia
Time zone: "Asia/Yakutsk"
* "rwkgl"
Name: Kigali, Rwanda
Time zone: "Africa/Kigali"
* "saruh"
Name: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Time zone: "Asia/Riyadh"
* "sbhir"
Name: Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands
Time zone: "Pacific/Guadalcanal"
* "scmaw"
Name: Mahé, Seychelles
Time zone: "Indian/Mahe"
* "sdkrt"
Name: Khartoum, Sudan
Time zone: "Africa/Khartoum"
* "sesto"
Name: Stockholm, Sweden
Time zone: "Europe/Stockholm"
* "sgsin"
Name: Singapore
Time zone: "Asia/Singapore", "Singapore"
* "shshn"
Name: Saint Helena
Time zone: "Atlantic/St_Helena"
* "silju"
Name: Ljubljana, Slovenia
Time zone: "Europe/Ljubljana"
* "sjlyr"
Name: Longyearbyen, Svalbard
Time zone: "Arctic/Longyearbyen", "Atlantic/Jan_Mayen"
* "skbts"
Name: Bratislava, Slovakia
Time zone: "Europe/Bratislava"
* "slfna"
Name: Freetown, Sierra Leone
Time zone: "Africa/Freetown"
* "smsai"
Name: San Marino
Time zone: "Europe/San_Marino"
* "sndkr"
Name: Dakar, Senegal
Time zone: "Africa/Dakar"
* "somgq"
Name: Mogadishu, Somalia
Time zone: "Africa/Mogadishu"
* "srpbm"
Name: Paramaribo, Suriname
Time zone: "America/Paramaribo"
* "ssjub"
Name: Juba, South Sudan
Time zone: "Africa/Juba"
* "sttms"
Name: São Tomé, São Tomé and Príncipe
Time zone: "Africa/Sao_Tome"
* "svsal"
Name: El Salvador
Time zone: "America/El_Salvador"
* "sxphi"
Name: Sint Maarten
Time zone: "America/Lower_Princes"
* "sydam"
Name: Damascus, Syria
Time zone: "Asia/Damascus"
* "szqmn"
Name: Mbabane, Swaziland
Time zone: "Africa/Mbabane"
* "tcgdt"
Name: Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands
Time zone: "America/Grand_Turk"
* "tdndj"
Name: N'Djamena, Chad
Time zone: "Africa/Ndjamena"
* "tfpfr"
Name: Kerguelen Islands, French Southern Territories
Time zone: "Indian/Kerguelen"
* "tglfw"
Name: Lomé, Togo
Time zone: "Africa/Lome"
* "thbkk"
Name: Bangkok, Thailand
Time zone: "Asia/Bangkok"
* "tjdyu"
Name: Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Time zone: "Asia/Dushanbe"
* "tkfko"
Name: Fakaofo, Tokelau
Time zone: "Pacific/Fakaofo"
* "tldil"
Name: Dili, East Timor
Time zone: "Asia/Dili"
* "tmasb"
Name: Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Time zone: "Asia/Ashgabat", "Asia/Ashkhabad"
* "tntun"
Name: Tunis, Tunisia
Time zone: "Africa/Tunis"
* "totbu"
Name: Tongatapu, Tonga
Time zone: "Pacific/Tongatapu"
* "trist"
Name: Istanbul, Türkiye
Time zone: "Europe/Istanbul", "Asia/Istanbul", "Turkey"
* "ttpos"
Name: Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Time zone: "America/Port_of_Spain"
* "tvfun"
Name: Funafuti, Tuvalu
Time zone: "Pacific/Funafuti"
* "twtpe"
Name: Taipei, Taiwan
Time zone: "Asia/Taipei", "ROC"
* "tzdar"
Name: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Time zone: "Africa/Dar_es_Salaam"
* "uaiev"
Name: Kyiv, Ukraine
Time zone: "Europe/Kiev", "Europe/Kyiv",
"Europe/Zaporozhye", "Europe/Uzhgorod"
* "uaozh"
Zaporizhia (Zaporozhye), Ukraine
Deprecated. See instead "uaiev"
* "uasip"
Name: Simferopol, Ukraine
Time zone: "Europe/Simferopol"
* "uauzh"
Uzhhorod (Uzhgorod), Ukraine
Deprecated. See instead "uaiev"
* "ugkla"
Name: Kampala, Uganda
Time zone: "Africa/Kampala"
* "umawk"
Name: Wake Island, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Time zone: "Pacific/Wake"
* "umjon"
Johnston Atoll, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Deprecated. See instead "ushnl"
* "ummdy"
Name: Midway Islands, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Time zone: "Pacific/Midway"
* "unk"
Name: Unknown time zone
Time zone: "Etc/Unknown"
* "usadk"
Name: Adak (Alaska), United States
Time zone: "America/Adak", "America/Atka", "US/Aleutian"
* "usaeg"
Name: Marengo (Indiana), United States
Time zone: "America/Indiana/Marengo"
* "usanc"
Name: Anchorage, United States
Time zone: "America/Anchorage", "US/Alaska"
* "usboi"
Name: Boise (Idaho), United States
Time zone: "America/Boise"
* "uschi"
Name: Chicago, United States
Time zone: "America/Chicago", "US/Central"
* "usden"
Name: Denver, United States
Time zone: "America/Denver", "America/Shiprock", "Navajo",
"US/Mountain"
* "usdet"
Name: Detroit, United States
Time zone: "America/Detroit", "US/Michigan"
* "ushnl"
Name: Honolulu, United States
Time zone: "Pacific/Honolulu", "US/Hawaii",
"Pacific/Johnston"
* "usind"
Name: Indianapolis, United States
Time zone: "America/Indianapolis", "America/Fort_Wayne",
"America/Indiana/Indianapolis", "US/East-Indiana"
* "usinvev"
Name: Vevay (Indiana), United States
Time zone: "America/Indiana/Vevay"
* "usjnu"
Name: Juneau (Alaska), United States
Time zone: "America/Juneau"
* "usknx"
Name: Knox (Indiana), United States
Time zone: "America/Indiana/Knox", "America/Knox_IN",
"US/Indiana-Starke"
* "uslax"
Name: Los Angeles, United States
Time zone: "America/Los_Angeles", "US/Pacific",
"US/Pacific-New"
* "uslui"
Name: Louisville (Kentucky), United States
Time zone: "America/Louisville",
"America/Kentucky/Louisville"
* "usmnm"
Name: Menominee (Michigan), United States
Time zone: "America/Menominee"
* "usmtm"
Name: Metlakatla (Alaska), United States
Time zone: "America/Metlakatla"
* "usmoc"
Name: Monticello (Kentucky), United States
Time zone: "America/Kentucky/Monticello"
* "usnavajo"
Shiprock (Navajo), United States
Deprecated. See instead "usden"
* "usndcnt"
Name: Center (North Dakota), United States
Time zone: "America/North_Dakota/Center"
* "usndnsl"
Name: New Salem (North Dakota), United States
Time zone: "America/North_Dakota/New_Salem"
* "usnyc"
Name: New York, United States
Time zone: "America/New_York", "US/Eastern"
* "usoea"
Name: Vincennes (Indiana), United States
Time zone: "America/Indiana/Vincennes"
* "usome"
Name: Nome (Alaska), United States
Time zone: "America/Nome"
* "usphx"
Name: Phoenix, United States
Time zone: "America/Phoenix", "US/Arizona"
* "ussit"
Name: Sitka (Alaska), United States
Time zone: "America/Sitka"
* "ustel"
Name: Tell City (Indiana), United States
Time zone: "America/Indiana/Tell_City"
* "uswlz"
Name: Winamac (Indiana), United States
Time zone: "America/Indiana/Winamac"
* "uswsq"
Name: Petersburg (Indiana), United States
Time zone: "America/Indiana/Petersburg"
* "usxul"
Name: Beulah (North Dakota), United States
Time zone: "America/North_Dakota/Beulah"
* "usyak"
Name: Yakutat (Alaska), United States
Time zone: "America/Yakutat"
* "utc"
Name: UTC (Coordinated Universal Time)
Time zone: "Etc/UTC", "Etc/UCT", "Etc/Universal",
"Etc/Zulu", "UCT", "UTC", "Universal", "Zulu"
* "utce01"
Name: 1 hour ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-1"
* "utce02"
Name: 2 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-2"
* "utce03"
Name: 3 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-3"
* "utce04"
Name: 4 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-4"
* "utce05"
Name: 5 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-5"
* "utce06"
Name: 6 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-6"
* "utce07"
Name: 7 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-7"
* "utce08"
Name: 8 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-8"
* "utce09"
Name: 9 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-9"
* "utce10"
Name: 10 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-10"
* "utce11"
Name: 11 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-11"
* "utce12"
Name: 12 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-12"
* "utce13"
Name: 13 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-13"
* "utce14"
Name: 14 hours ahead of UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT-14"
* "utcw01"
Name: 1 hour behind UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT+1"
* "utcw02"
Name: 2 hours behind UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT+2"
* "utcw03"
Name: 3 hours behind UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT+3"
* "utcw04"
Name: 4 hours behind UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT+4"
* "utcw05"
Name: 5 hours behind UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT+5", "EST"
* "utcw06"
Name: 6 hours behind UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT+6"
* "utcw07"
Name: 7 hours behind UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT+7", "MST"
* "utcw08"
Name: 8 hours behind UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT+8"
* "utcw09"
Name: 9 hours behind UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT+9"
* "utcw10"
Name: 10 hours behind UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT+10", "HST"
* "utcw11"
Name: 11 hours behind UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT+11"
* "utcw12"
Name: 12 hours behind UTC
Time zone: "Etc/GMT+12"
* "uymvd"
Name: Montevideo, Uruguay
Time zone: "America/Montevideo"
* "uzskd"
Name: Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Time zone: "Asia/Samarkand"
* "uztas"
Name: Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Time zone: "Asia/Tashkent"
* "vavat"
Name: Vatican City
Time zone: "Europe/Vatican"
* "vcsvd"
Name: Saint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Time zone: "America/St_Vincent"
* "veccs"
Name: Caracas, Venezuela
Time zone: "America/Caracas"
* "vgtov"
Name: Tortola, British Virgin Islands
Time zone: "America/Tortola"
* "vistt"
Name: Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Time zone: "America/St_Thomas", "America/Virgin"
* "vnsgn"
Name: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Time zone: "Asia/Saigon", "Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh"
* "vuvli"
Name: Efate, Vanuatu
Time zone: "Pacific/Efate"
* "wfmau"
Name: Wallis Islands, Wallis and Futuna
Time zone: "Pacific/Wallis"
* "wsapw"
Name: Apia, Samoa
Time zone: "Pacific/Apia"
* "yeade"
Name: Aden, Yemen
Time zone: "Asia/Aden"
* "ytmam"
Name: Mayotte
Time zone: "Indian/Mayotte"
* "zajnb"
Name: Johannesburg, South Africa
Time zone: "Africa/Johannesburg"
* "zmlun"
Name: Lusaka, Zambia
Time zone: "Africa/Lusaka"
* "zwhre"
Name: Harare, Zimbabwe
Time zone: "Africa/Harare"
See the standard documentation
information.
* "va"
A Unicode Variant Identifier
a special variant used for locales.
Transform extensions
This is used for transliterations, transcriptions, translations, etc, as
For example:
* "ja-t-it"
The content is Japanese, transformed from Italian.
* "ja-Kana-t-it"
The content is Japanese Katakana, transformed from Italian.
* "und-Latn-t-und-cyrl"
The content is in the Latin script, transformed from the Cyrillic
script.
* "und-Cyrl-t-und-latn-m0-ungegn-2007"
The content is in Cyrillic, transformed from Latin, according to a
UNGEGN specification dated 2007.
The date is of format "YYYYMMDD" all without space, and the month
and day information should be provided only when necessary for
clarification, as per the RFC6497, section 2.5(c)
* "und-Cyrl-t-und-latn-m0-ungegn"
Same, but without year.
The complete list of valid subtags is as follows. They are all two to
eight alphanumeric characters.
* "d0"
Transform destination: for non-languages/scripts, such as
fullwidth-halfwidth conversion
See also "s0"
Possible values
7/transform-destination.xml> are:
* "accents"
Map base + punctuation, etc to accented characters
* "ascii"
Map as many characters to the closest ASCII character as
possible
* "casefold"
Apply Unicode case folding
* "charname"
Map each character to its Unicode name
* "digit"
Convert to digit form of accent
* "fcc"
* "fcd"
* "fwidth"
Map characters to their fullwidth equivalents
* "hex"
Map characters to a hex equivalents, eg "a" to "\u0061"; for
hex variants see transform.xml
mon/bcp47/transform.xml>
* "hwidth"
Map characters to their halfwidth equivalents
* "lower"
Apply Unicode full lowercase mapping
* "morse"
Map Unicode to Morse Code encoding
* "nfc"
Map string to the Unicode NFC format
* "nfd"
Map string to the Unicode NFD format
* "nfkc"
Map string to the Unicode NFKC format
* "nfkd"
Map string to the Unicode NFKD format
* "npinyin"
Map pinyin written with tones to the numeric form
* "null"
Make no change in the string
* "publish"
Map to preferred forms for publishing, such as ", ", "—"
* "remove"
Remove every character in the string
* "title"
Apply Unicode full titlecase mapping
* "upper"
Apply Unicode full uppercase mapping
* "zawgyi"
Map Unicode to Zawgyi Myanmar encoding
* "h0"
Hybrid Locale Identifiers: "h0" with the value "hybrid" indicates
that the "-t-" value is a language that is mixed into the main
language tag to form a hybrid.
* "hi-t-en-h0-hybrid"
Hybrid Deva - Hinglish
Hindi-English hybrid where the script is Devanagari*
* "hi-Latn-t-en-h0-hybrid"
Hybrid Latin - Hinglish
Hindi-English hybrid where the script is Latin*
* "ru-t-en-h0-hybrid"
Hybrid Cyrillic - Runglish
Russian with an admixture of American English
* "ru-t-en-gb-h0-hybrid"
Hybrid Cyrillic - Runglish
Russian with an admixture of British English
* "en-t-zh-h0-hybrid"
Hybrid Latin - Chinglish
American English with an admixture of Chinese (Simplified
Mandarin Chinese)
* "en-t-zh-hant-h0-hybrid"
Hybrid Latin - Chinglish
American English with an admixture of Chinese (Traditional
Mandarin Chinese)
* "i0"
Input Method Engine transform: used to indicate an input method
transformation, such as one used by a client-side input method. The
first subfield in a sequence would typically be a "platform" or
vendor designation.
For example: "zh-t-i0-pinyin"
Possible values
7/transform_ime.xml> are:
* "handwrit"
Handwriting input: used when the only information known (or
requested) is that the text was (or is to be) converted
using an handwriting input.
* "pinyin"
Pinyin input: for simplified Chinese characters. See also
* "und"
The choice of input method is not specified. Used when the
only information known (or requested) is that the text was
(or is to be) converted using an input method engine
* "wubi"
Wubi input: for simplified Chinese characters. For
background information, see
* "k0"
Keyboard transform: used to indicate a keyboard transformation, such
as one used by a client-side virtual keyboard. The first subfield in
a sequence would typically be a "platform" designation, representing
the platform that the keyboard is intended for.
For example: "en-t-k0-dvorak"
Possible values
7/transform_keyboard.xml> are:
* "101key"
101 key layout.
* "102key"
102 key layout.
* "600dpi"
Keyboard for a 600 dpi device.
* "768dpi"
Keyboard for a 768 dpi device.
* "android"
Android keyboard.
* "azerty"
A AZERTY-based keyboard or one that approximates AZERTY in a
different script.
* "chromeos"
ChromeOS keyboard.
* "colemak"
Colemak keyboard layout. The Colemak keyboard is an
alternative to the QWERTY and dvorak keyboards.
* "dvorak"
Dvorak keyboard layout. See also
* "dvorakl"
Dvorak left-handed keyboard layout. See also
* "dvorakr"
Dvorak right-handed keyboard layout. See also
* "el220"
Greek 220 keyboard. See also
kbdhela2.html>.
* "el319"
Greek 319 keyboard. See also
/KBD319.pdf>.
* "extended"
A keyboard that has been enhanced with a large number of
extra characters.
* "googlevk"
Google virtual keyboard.
* "isiri"
Persian ISIRI keyboard. Based on ISIRI 2901:1994 standard.
See also
07.pdf>.
* "legacy"
A keyboard that has been replaced with a newer standard but
is kept for legacy purposes.
* "lt1205"
Lithuanian standard keyboard, based on the LST 1205:1992
* "lt1582"
Lithuanian standard keyboard, based on the LST 1582:2000
* "nutaaq"
Inuktitut Nutaaq keyboard. See also
* "osx"
Mac OSX keyboard.
* "patta"
Thai Pattachote keyboard. This is a less frequently used
layout in Thai (Kedmanee layout is more popular). See also
ey.htm>.
* "qwerty"
QWERTY-based keyboard or one that approximates QWERTY in a
different script.
* "qwertz"
QWERTZ-based keyboard or one that approximates QWERTZ in a
different script.
* "ta99"
Tamil 99 keyboard. See also
* "und"
The vender for the keyboard is not specified. Used when the
only information known (or requested) is that the text was
(or is to be) converted using an keyboard.
* "var"
A keyboard layout with small variations from the default.
* "viqr"
Vietnamese VIQR layout, based on
* "windows"
Windows keyboard.
* "m0"
Transform extension mechanism: to reference an authority or rules
for a type of transformation.
For example: "und-Latn-t-ru-m0-ungegn-2007"
Possible values
7/transform.xml> are:
* "aethiopi"
Encylopedia Aethiopica Transliteration
* "alaloc"
American Library Association-Library of Congress
* "betamets"
Beta Maṣāḥǝft Transliteration
* "bgn"
US Board on Geographic Names
* "buckwalt"
Buckwalter Arabic transliteration system
* "c11"
for hex transforms, using the C11 syntax: \u0061\U0001F4D6
* "css"
for hex transforms, using the CSS syntax: \61 \01F4D6,
spacing where necessary
* "din"
Deutsches Institut für Normung
* "es3842"
Ethiopian Standards Agency ES 3842:2014 Ethiopic-Latin
Transliteration
* "ewts"
Extended Wylie Transliteration Scheme
* "gost"
Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and
Certification
* "gurage"
Gurage Legacy to Modern Transliteration
* "gutgarts"
Yaros Gutgarts Ethiopic-Cyrillic Transliteration
* "iast"
International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration
* "iesjes"
IES/JES Amharic Transliteration
* "iso"
International Organization for Standardization
* "java"
for hex transforms, using the Java syntax:
\u0061\uD83D\uDCD6
* "lambdin"
Thomas Oden Lambdin Ethiopic-Latin Transliteration
* "mcst"
Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
* "mns"
Mongolian National Standard
* "percent"
for hex transforms, using the percent syntax:
%61%F0%9F%93%96
* "perl"
for hex transforms, using the perl syntax: \x{61}\x{1F4D6}
* "plain"
for hex transforms, with no surrounding syntax, spacing
where necessary: 0061 1F4D6
* "prprname"
transform variant for proper names
* "satts"
Standard Arabic Technical Transliteration System (SATTS)
* "sera"
System for Ethiopic Representation in ASCII
* "tekieali"
Tekie Alibekit Blin-Latin Transliteration
* "ungegn"
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
* "unicode"
to hex with the Unicode syntax: U+0061 U+1F4D6, spacing
where necessary
* "xaleget"
Eritrean Ministry of Education Blin-Latin Transliteration
* "xml"
for hex transforms, using the xml syntax: a📖
* "xml10"
for hex transforms, using the xml decimal syntax:
a📖
* "s0"
Transform source: for non-languages/scripts, such as
fullwidth-halfwidth conversion
See also "d0"
Possible values
7/transform-destination.xml> are:
* "accents"
Accented characters to map base + punctuation, etc
* "ascii"
Map from ASCII to the target, perhaps using different
conventions
* "hex"
Map characters from hex equivalents, trying all variants, eg
"U+0061" to "a"; for hex variants see transform.xml
mon/bcp47/transform.xml>
* "morse"
Map Morse Code to Unicode encoding
* "npinyin"
Map the numeric form of pinyin to the tone format
* "publish"
Map publishing characters, such as ", ", "—", to from
vanilla characters
* "zawgyi"
Map Zawgyi Myanmar encoding to Unicode
* "t0"
Machine Translation: used to indicate content that has been machine
translated, or a request for a particular type of machine
translation of content. The first subfield in a sequence would
typically be a "platform" or vendor designation.
For example: "ja-t-de-t0-und"
* "x0"
Private Use.
For example: "ja-t-de-t0-und-x0-medical"
Collation Options
Parametric settings
can be specified in language tags or in rule syntax (in the form
[keyword value] ). For example, -ks-level2 or [strength 2] will only
compare strings based on their primary and secondary weights.
The options description below is taken from the LDML standard, and
reflect how the algorithm works when implemented by web browser, or
other runtime environment. This module does not do any of those
algorithms. The documentation is only here for your benefit and
convenience.
See the standard documentation
(Default Unicode Collation Element Table)
_Table> for more information.
* "ka" or "colAlternate"
Sets alternate handling for variable weights.
Possible values
72205aa5b6fc3a/common/bcp47/collation.xml#L34> are optional and can
be:
* "noignore" or "non-ignorable"
Default value.
* "shifted"
* "kb" or "colBackwards"
Sets collation parameter key for backward collation weight.
Sets alternate handling for variable weights.
Possible values
72205aa5b6fc3a/common/bcp47/collation.xml#L39> are optional and can
be: "true" or "yes", "false" (default) or "no"
* "kc" or "colCaseLevel"
Sets collation parameter key for case level.
Specifies a boolean. If "on", a level consisting only of case
characteristics will be inserted in front of tertiary level, as a
"Level 2.5". To ignore accents but take case into account, set
strength to "primary" and case level to "on".
Possible values
72205aa5b6fc3a/common/bcp47/collation.xml#L44> are optional and can
be: "true" or "yes", "false" (default) or "no"
* "kf" or "colCaseFirst"
Sets collation parameter key for ordering by case.
If set to upper, causes upper case to sort before lower case. If set
to lower, causes lower case to sort before upper case.
Possible values
72205aa5b6fc3a/common/bcp47/collation.xml#L49> are: "upper",
"lower", "false" (default) or "no"
* "kh" or "colHiraganaQuaternary"
Sets collation parameter key for special Hiragana handling.
This is deprecated by the LDML standard.
Specifies a boolean. Controls special treatment of Hiragana code
points on quaternary level. If turned on, Hiragana codepoints will
get lower values than all the other non-variable code points in
shifted.
Possible values
72205aa5b6fc3a/common/bcp47/collation.xml#L55> are optional and can
be: "true" (default) or "yes", "false" or "no"
* "kk" or "colNormalization"
Sets collation parameter key for normalisation.
Specifies a boolean. If on, then the normal UCA
Possible values
72205aa5b6fc3a/common/bcp47/collation.xml#L60> are optional and can
be: "true" (default) or "yes", "false" or "no"
* "kn" or "colNumeric"
Sets collation parameter key for numeric handling.
Specifies a boolean. If set to on, any sequence of Decimal Digits is
sorted at a primary level with its numeric value.
Possible values
72205aa5b6fc3a/common/bcp47/collation.xml#L65> are optional and can
be: "true" or "yes", "false" (default) or "no"
* "kr" or "colReorder"
Sets collation reorder codes.
Specifies a reordering of scripts or other significant blocks of
characters such as symbols, punctuation, and digits.
Possible values
72205aa5b6fc3a/common/bcp47/collation.xml#L70> are: "currency",
"digit", "punct", "space", "symbol", or any BCP47 script ID.
Also possible: "others" where all codes not explicitly mentioned
should be ordered. The script code Zzzz (Unknown Script) is a
synonym for others.
For example:
* "en-u-kr-latn-digit"
Reorder digits after Latin characters.
* "en-u-kr-arab-cyrl-others-symbol"
Reorder Arabic characters first, then Cyrillic, and put
symbols at the end—after all other characters.
* "en-u-kr-others"
Remove any locale-specific reordering, and use DUCET order
for reordering blocks.
* "ks" or "colStrength"
Sets the collation parameter key for collation strength used for
comparison.
Possible values
72205aa5b6fc3a/common/bcp47/collation.xml#L79> are:
* "level1" or "primary"
* "level2" or "secondary"
* "level3" (default) or "tertiary"
* "level4" or "quaternary" or "quarternary"
* "identic" or "identical"
* "kv"
Sets the collation parameter key for "maxVariable", the last
reordering group to be affected by "ka-shifted".
Possible values are:
* "currency"
Spaces, punctuation and all symbols are affected by
ka-shifted.
* "punct"
Spaces and punctuation are affected by ka-shifted (CLDR
default).
* "space"
Only spaces are affected by ka-shifted.
* "symbol"
Spaces, punctuation and symbols except for currency symbols
are affected by ka-shifted (UCA default).
* "vt"
Sets the parameter key for the variable top.
This is deprecated by the LDML standard.
AUTHOR
Jacques Deguest <jack@deguest.jp>
SEE ALSO
RFC6067 on the Unicode extensions
RFC6497 on the transformation extension
COPYRIGHT & LICENSE
Copyright(c) 2024 DEGUEST Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
