NAME
Color::RGB::Util - Utilities related to RGB colors
VERSION
This document describes version 0.609 of Color::RGB::Util (from Perl
distribution Color-RGB-Util), released on 2025-03-19.
SYNOPSIS
use Color::RGB::Util qw(
assign_rgb_color
assign_rgb_dark_color
assign_rgb_light_color
int2rgb
mix_2_rgb_colors
mix_rgb_colors
rand_rgb_color
rand_rgb_colors
reverse_rgb_color
rgb2grayscale
rgb2int
rgb2sepia
rgb_closest_to
rgb_diff
rgb_distance
rgb_is_dark
rgb_is_light
rgb_luminance
tint_rgb_color
);
say assign_rgb_color("foo"); # 0b5d33
say assign_rgb_dark_color("foo"); # 0b5d33
say assign_rgb_light_color("foo"); # 85ae99
say int2rgb(0xffffff); # ffffff
say mix_2_rgb_colors('#ff0000', '#ffffff'); # pink (red + white)
say mix_2_rgb_colors('ff0000', 'ffffff', 0.75); # pink with a whiter shade
say mix_rgb_colors('ff0000', 1, 'ffffff', 1); # pink (red + white 1 : 1)
say mix_rgb_colors('ff0000', 1, 'ffffff', 3); # pink with a whiter shade (red + white 1 : 3)
say mix_rgb_colors('ff0000', 1, 'ffffff', 1, '0000ff', 0.5); # bluish pink
say rand_rgb_color();
say rand_rgb_color('000000', '333333'); # limit range
say rand_rgb_colors(
{light_color => 1, avoid_colors=>[qw/ffffff ffcc00 ff00cc/],
3); # ("e9f3d7", "e0bbcc", "63f88c")
say reverse_rgb_color('0033CC'); # => ffcc33
say rgb2grayscale('0033CC'); # => 555555 # default 'average' algo
say rgb2grayscale('0033CC', 'weighted_average'); # => 353535
say rgb2int("ffffff"); # 16777215 (which is 0xffffff)
say rgb2sepia('0033CC'); # => 4d4535
say rgb_closest_to('cc211e'); # => "red"
say rgb_distance('000000', '000000') # => 0
say rgb_distance('01f000', '04f400') # => 5
say rgb_distance('ffff00', 'ffffff') # => 255
say rgb_diff('000000', '000000'); # => 0
say rgb_diff('01f000', '04f400'); # => 5
say rgb_diff('ffff00', 'ffffff'); # => 255
say rgb_diff('000000', '000000', 'approx1'); # => 0
say rgb_diff('01f000', '04f400', 'approx1'); # => 9.06
say rgb_diff('ffff00', 'ffffff', 'approx1'); # => 360.98
say rgb_is_dark('404040'); # => 1
say rgb_is_dark('a0a0a0'); # => 0
say rgb_is_light('404040'); # => 0
say rgb_is_light('a0a0a0'); # => 1
say rgb_luminance('d090aa'); # => ffcc33
say tint_rgb_color('#ff8800', '#0033cc'); # => b36e3c
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS
None are exported by default, but they are exportable.
assign_rgb_color
Usage:
my $rgb = assign_rgb_color($str);
Map a string to an RGB color. This is done by producing SHA-1 digest
(160bit, 20 bytes) of the string, then taking the first, 10th, and last
byte to become the RGB color.
See also: "assign_rgb_dark_color" and "assign_rgb_light_color".
assign_rgb_dark_color
Like "assign_rgb_color" except that it will make sure the assigned color
is dark.
assign_rgb_light_color
Like "assign_rgb_color" except that it will make sure the assigned color
is light.
hsl2hsv
Usage:
my $hsl = hsl2hsv("0 1 0.5"); # => "0 1 1"
Convert HSL to HSV.
See also: "hsv2hsl".
hsl2rgb
Usage:
my $rgb = hsl2rgb("0 1 0.5"); # => ff0000
Convert HSL to RGB. HSL should be given in a whitespace-separated H,S,L
values e.g. "0 1 0.5". H (hue degree) has a range from 0-360 where 0 is
red, 120 is green, 240 is blue and 360 is back to red. S (saturation)
has a range from 0-1 where 0 is gray and 1 is fully saturated hue. L
(lumination) has a range from 0-1 where 0 is fully black, 0.5 fully
saturated, and 1 is fully white.
See also "rgb2hsl".
hsv2hsl
Usage:
my $hsl = hsv2hsl("0 1 1"); # => "0 1 0.5"
Convert HSV to HSL.
See also "hsl2hsv".
hsv2rgb
Usage:
my $rgb = hsv2rgb("0 1 1"); # => ff0000
Convert HSV to RGB. HSV should be given in a whitespace-separated H,S,V
values e.g. "0 1 1". H (hue degree) has a range from 0-360 where 0 is
red, 120 is green, 240 is blue and 360 is back to red. S (saturation)
has a range from 0-1 where 0 is gray and 1 is fully saturated hue. V
(value) has a range from 0-1 where 0 is black and 1 is white.
See also "rgb2hsv".
int2rgb
Usage:
my $rgb = int2rgb(0xffffff); # => ffffff
Convert integer to RGB string.
See also "rgb2int".
mix_2_rgb_colors
Usage:
my $mixed_rgb = mix_2_rgb_colors($rgb1, $rgb2, $pct);
Mix 2 RGB colors. $pct is a number between 0 and 1, by default 0.5
(halfway), the closer to 1 the closer the resulting color to $rgb2.
See also "mix_rgb_colors", "tint_rgb_color".
mix_rgb_colors
Usage:
my $mixed_rgb = mix_rgb_colors($color1, $weight1, $color2, $weight2, ...);
Mix several RGB colors.
See also "mix_2_rgb_colors".
rand_rgb_color
Usage:
my $rgb = rand_rgb_color([ $low_limit [ , $high_limit ] ]);
Generate a random RGB color. You can specify the limit. Otherwise, they
default to the full range (000000 to ffffff).
See also "rand_rgb_colors".
rand_rgb_colors
Usage:
my @rgbs = rand_rgb_colors([ \%opts ], $num=1);
Produce $num random RGB colors, with some options. It does not (yet)
create a palette of optimally distinct colors, but will make reasonable
attempt to make the colors different from one another.
Known options:
* from_color
RGB value, lower limit, optional.
* to_color
RGB value, high limit, optional.
* light_color
Boolean, default true. By default, this function will create light
RGB colors, assuming the background color is dark, which is often
the case in terminal. If this option is set to false, will create
dark colors instead, If this option is set to undef, will create
both dark and light colors.
* avoid_colors
Arrayref or hashref. List of colors to be avoided. You can put, for
example, colors that you've already assigned/picked for your palette
and don't want to use again.
* max_attempts
Uint, default 1000. Number of attempts to try generating the next
random color if the generated color is rejected because it is
light/dark, or because it's in "avoid_colors".
When the number of attempts has been exceeded, the generated color
is used anyway.
* hash_prefix
Whether to add hash prefix to produced color codes ("#123456") or
not ("123456").
See also "rand_rgb_color".
reverse_rgb_color
Usage:
my $reversed = reverse_rgb_color($rgb);
Reverse $rgb.
rgb2grayscale
Usage:
my $rgb_gs = rgb2grayscale($rgb [ , $algo ]);
Convert $rgb to grayscale RGB value. There are several algorithms
($algo) to choose from:
* average
The Average method takes the average value of R, G, and B as the
grayscale value.
Grayscale = (R + G + B ) / 3.
The average method is simple but does not take into account the
non-linearity of human vision (eyes are most sensitive to green,
less to red, least to blue).
* weighted_average
This method gives weights to each of red, green, blue elements to
take into account the sensitivity of human eyes.
Grayscale = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B
See also rgb2sepia.
rgb2hsl
Usage:
my $hsl = rgb2hsl($rgb); # example: "0 1 0.5"
Convert RGB (0-255) to HSL. The result is a space-separated H, S, L
values.
See also "hsl2rgb".
rgb2hsv
Usage:
my $hsv = rgb2hsv($rgb); # example: "0 1 255"
Convert RGB (0-255) to HSV. The result is a space-separated H, S, V
values.
See also "hsv2rgb".
rgb2int
Usage:
my $int = rgb2int("ffffff"); # => 16777216, which is 0xffffff
Convert RGB string to integer.
See also "int2rgb".
rgb2sepia
Usage:
my $rgb_sepia = rgb2sepia($rgb);
Convert $rgb to sepia tone RGB value.
See also rgb2grayscale.
rgb_closest_to
Usage:
my $colorname = rgb_closest_to( [ \%opts , ] $color);
Return the primary color $color is closest to. Options:
* colors
A hash of color names and RGB values. If unspecified, the default
is:
{
black => "000000",
blue => "0000ff",
brown => "663333",
cyan => "00ffff", # a.k.a. aqua
green => "00ff00",
grey => "808080",
magenta => "ff00ff", # a.k.a. fuchsia
orange => "ff8000",
pink => "ffcccc",
purple => "800080", # a.k.a. violet
red => "ff0000",
white => "ffffff",
yellow => "ffff00",
}
rgb_diff
Usage:
my $dist = rgb_diff($rgb1, $rgb2[ , $algo ])
Calculate difference between two RGB colors, using one of several
algorithms.
* euclidean
The default. It calculates the distance as:
( (R1-R2)**2 + (G1-G2)**2 + (B1-B2)**2 )**0.5
which is the same as what "rgb_distance"() would produce.
* approx1
This algorithm, described in [1] as "a low cost approximation" and
"a combination both weighted Euclidean distance functions, where the
weight factors depend on how big the 'red' component of the colour
is" with "results that are very close to L*u*v" and "a more stable
algorithm", uses the following formula:
( 2*(R1-R2)**2 + 4*(G1-G2)**2 + 3*(B1-B2)**2 + Rm*((R1-R2)**2 - (B1-B2)**2)/256 )**0.5
where, Rm or "R mean" is (R1+R2)/2.
* approx2
Like "approx1", but uses this formula:
( 2*(R1-R2)**2 + 4*(G1-G2)**2 + 3*(B1-B2)**2 )**0.5 # if Rm < 128
( 3*(R1-R2)**2 + 4*(G1-G2)**2 + 2*(B1-B2)**2 )**0.5 # otherwise
* hsv_euclidean
Convert the RGB values to HSV, then calculate the HSV distance.
Please see source code for details.
* hsv_hue1
Like "hsv_euclidean" but puts more emphasis on hue difference. This
algorithm is used, for example, by Color::ANSI::Util when mapping
RGB 24bit color to the "closest" the ANSI 256-color or 16-color.
This algorithm tends to choose the hued colors instead of favoring
to fallback on white/gray, which is more preferred.
TODO: redmean low-cost approximation, CMC l:c.
For more about color difference, try reading
See also rgb_distance.
rgb_distance
Usage:
my $dist = rgb_distance($rgb1, $rgb2)
Calculate the euclidean RGB distance, using this formula:
( (R1-R2)**2 + (G1-G2)**2 + (B1-B2)**2 )**0.5
For example, the distance between "000000" and "ffffff" is ~441.67,
while the distance between "ffff00" and "ffffff" is 255.
See also rgb_diff.
rgb_is_dark
Usage:
my $is_dark = rgb_is_dark($rgb)
Return true if $rgb is a "dark" color, which is determined by checking
if the RGB distance to "000000" is smaller than to "ffffff".
See also "rgb_is_light".
rgb_is_light
Usage:
my $is_light = rgb_is_light($rgb)
Return true if $rgb is a "light" color, which is determined by checking
if the RGB distance to "000000" is larger than to "ffffff".
See also "rgb_is_dark".
rgb_luminance
Usage:
my $luminance = rgb_luminance($rgb);
Calculate standard/objective luminance from RGB value using this
formula:
(0.2126*R) + (0.7152*G) + (0.0722*B)
where R, G, and B range from 0 to 1. Return a number from 0 to 1.
tint_rgb_color
Usage:
my $new_rgb = tint_rgb_color($rgb, $tint_rgb, $pct)
Tint $rgb with $tint_rgb. $pct is by default 0.5. It is similar to
mixing, but the less luminance the color is the less it is tinted with
the tint color. This has the effect of black color still being black
instead of becoming tinted.
See also mix_2_rgb_colors, mix_rgb_colors.
HOMEPAGE
Please visit the project's homepage at
SOURCE
Source repository is at
SEE ALSO
Color::ANSI::Util
AUTHOR
perlancar <perlancar@cpan.org>
CONTRIBUTOR
Steven Haryanto <stevenharyanto@gmail.com>
CONTRIBUTING
To contribute, you can send patches by email/via RT, or send pull
requests on GitHub.
Most of the time, you don't need to build the distribution yourself. You
can simply modify the code, then test via:
% prove -l
If you want to build the distribution (e.g. to try to install it locally
on your system), you can install Dist::Zilla,
Dist::Zilla::PluginBundle::Author::PERLANCAR,
Pod::Weaver::PluginBundle::Author::PERLANCAR, and sometimes one or two
other Dist::Zilla- and/or Pod::Weaver plugins. Any additional steps
required beyond that are considered a bug and can be reported to me.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is copyright (c) 2025 by perlancar <perlancar@cpan.org>.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
BUGS
Please report any bugs or feature requests on the bugtracker website
When submitting a bug or request, please include a test-file or a patch
to an existing test-file that illustrates the bug or desired feature.