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package Mail::Alias::LocalFile;
our $VERSION = '0.01';
use 5.012;
use strict;
use warnings;
use Moo;
use namespace::autoclean;
use Email::Valid;
use Scalar::Util qw(reftype);
use Types::Standard qw(ArrayRef HashRef Str);
use Data::Dumper::Concise;
# Class attributes with type constraints
has 'warning' => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => ArrayRef,
    default => sub { [] },
);
has 'aliases' => (
    is       => 'ro',
    isa      => HashRef,
    required => 1,
);
has 'expanded_addresses' => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => ArrayRef,
    default => sub { [] },
);
has 'addresses_and_aliases' => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => ArrayRef,
    default => sub { [] },
);
has 'original_input' => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => ArrayRef,
    default => sub { [] },
);
has 'processed_aliases' => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => HashRef,
    default => sub { {} },
);
has 'uniq_email_addresses' => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => ArrayRef,
    default => sub { [] },
);
has 'mta_aliases' => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => ArrayRef,
    default => sub { [] },
);
# Methods
sub resolve_recipients {
    my ( $self, $addresses_and_aliases_ref ) = @_;
    # Initialize all data structures
    $self->addresses_and_aliases($addresses_and_aliases_ref);
    my @values = @{$addresses_and_aliases_ref};
    $self->original_input( \@values );
    $self->expanded_addresses( [] );
    $self->processed_aliases( {} );
    $self->mta_aliases( [] );
    # Process all addresses and aliases
    while ( @{ $self->addresses_and_aliases } ) {
        my $item = shift @{ $self->addresses_and_aliases };
        if ( $item =~ /^mta_/ ) {
            my @warning           = @{ $self->warning };
            push @warning, "ERROR: Alias keys with 'mta_' prefix are not allowed, skipping alias '$item'";
            push @warning, "ERROR: Alias values may contain aliases with the 'mta_' prefix but not keys like '$item'";
            $self->warning( \@warning );
            next;
        }  
        $self->extract_addresses_from_list($item);
    }
    # Remove duplicates and build the final comma-separated list
    my $uniq_email_recipients = $self->remove_duplicate_email_addresses();
    # Combine email recipients with MTA aliases
    my @all_recipients = ( @{$uniq_email_recipients}, @{$self->mta_aliases} );
    my $recipients = join( ',', @all_recipients );
    # warn if there are no recipients (all were bad email addresses)
    if ($recipients eq "" ) {
        push @{ $self->warning }, "ERROR, There are no valid email addresses";
    }
    my %result;
    $result{expanded_addresses}   = $self->expanded_addresses;
    $result{uniq_email_addresses} = $self->uniq_email_addresses;
    $result{recipients}           = $recipients;
    $result{original_input}       = $self->original_input;
    $result{aliases}              = $self->aliases;
    $result{processed_aliases}    = $self->processed_aliases;
    $result{mta_aliases}          = $self->mta_aliases;
    my $circular_references = $self->detect_circular_references($result{aliases});
    $result{circular_references} = $circular_references; 
    $result{warning}              = $self->warning;
    return \%result;
}
sub extract_addresses_from_list {
    my ( $self, $element ) = @_;
    # Skip empty elements
    return unless defined $element && length $element;
    # Handle elements that contain multiple items (comma or space separated)
    if ( ( $element =~ /,/ ) || ( $element =~ / / ) ) {
        # Normalize spaces and commas
        my $multi_spaces = qr/\s+/x;    # one or more consecutive spaces
        my $multi_commas = qr/,+/x;     # one or more consecutive commas
        my $single_comma = ',';         # a single comma
        $element =~ s{$multi_spaces}{$single_comma}g;
        $element =~ s{$multi_commas}{$single_comma}g;
        # Split the element into individual items
        my @items = split( /,/x, $element );
        foreach my $single_item (@items) {
            $single_item =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;    # Trim whitespace
                # Process each individual item if it's not empty
            if ( length $single_item ) {
                $self->process_single_item($single_item);
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        # Process a simple element (not comma/space separated)
        $element =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;    # Trim whitespace
        if ( length $element ) {
            $self->process_single_item($element);
        }
    }
    return;
}
sub process_single_item {
    my ( $self, $single_item ) = @_;
    # Check if this is an MTA-delegated alias (starts with mta_)
    if ( $single_item =~ /^mta_(.+)$/x ) {
        $self->process_mta_alias($1);
    }
    # Process based on whether it looks like an email address
    elsif ( $single_item =~ /@/x ) {
        $self->process_potential_email($single_item);
    }
    else {
        $self->process_potential_alias($single_item);
    }
    return;
}
sub process_mta_alias {
    my ( $self, $alias ) = @_;
     
    # Add the alias to the list of MTA aliases (without the mta_ prefix)
    push @{ $self->mta_aliases }, $alias;
    return;
}
sub process_potential_email {
    my ( $self, $item ) = @_;
    # Normalize and validate the email address
    $item = lc($item);
    my $address = Email::Valid->address($item);
    # if it was a bad email format, $address is not defined
    if ( !defined $address ) {
        push @{ $self->warning}, 
        "ERROR: $item is not a correctly formatted email address, skipping";
    }
    else {
        if ($address) {
            push @{ $self->expanded_addresses }, $address;
        }
    }
    return;
}
sub process_potential_alias {
    my ( $self, $alias ) = @_;
    my $processed_aliases = $self->processed_aliases;
    # Check if this alias exists
    if ( !exists $self->aliases->{$alias} ) {
        push @{ $self->warning }, "ERROR: The alias $alias was not found, skipping.";
        return;
    }
    # Check if we've already processed this alias
    if ( $processed_aliases->{$alias} ) {
        # Skip it - we've already processed it completely
        # prevents duplicate inclusion of and alias
        return;
    }
    if (   ( defined reftype( $self->aliases->{$alias} ) )
        && ( reftype( $self->aliases->{$alias} ) eq 'ARRAY' ) )
    {
        # Handle array of values, convert to string of values
        my @values = @{ $self->aliases->{$alias} };
        my $string = join( ",", @values );
        $processed_aliases->{$alias} = 'Processed';
    }
    else {
        # already a string, just use it as the value
        $processed_aliases->{$alias} = 'Processed';
    }
    $self->processed_aliases($processed_aliases);
    # Expand the alias
    $self->expand_alias($alias);
    return;
}
sub expand_alias {
    my ( $self, $alias ) = @_;
    my $alias_items = $self->aliases->{$alias};
    # Handle different types of alias values
    if (   ( defined reftype($alias_items) )
        && ( reftype($alias_items) eq 'ARRAY' ) )
    {
        # Handle array of values
        foreach my $element (@$alias_items) {
            # Process each element directly to avoid re-adding to the queue
            $self->extract_addresses_from_list($element);
        }
    }
    else {
        # Handle scalar value
        if ( ( $alias_items =~ /,/x ) || ( $alias_items =~ / /x ) ) {
            # Multiple items in the scalar value
            $self->extract_addresses_from_list($alias_items);
        }
        elsif ( $alias_items =~ /@/x ) {
            # Looks like an email address, validate it
            $self->process_potential_email($alias_items);
        }
        else {
            # Probably an alias, process directly
            $self->process_potential_alias($alias_items);
        }
    }
    return;
}
sub remove_duplicate_email_addresses {
    my ($self) = @_;
    # Use a hash to track unique addresses
    my @uniq_email_addresses;
    my %found_once;
    foreach my $recipient ( @{ $self->expanded_addresses } ) {
        if ( !exists $found_once{$recipient} ) {
            push @uniq_email_addresses, $recipient;
            $found_once{$recipient} = 'true';
        }
    }
    $self->uniq_email_addresses( \@uniq_email_addresses );
    return \@uniq_email_addresses;
}
# Function to detect circular references
sub detect_circular_references {
    my ($self, $aliases)    = @_;
    my %seen_paths          = ();
    my @circular_references = ();
    foreach my $key ( keys %$aliases ) {
        # Skip checking aliases with mta_ prefix
        # Should not exist, create warning
        if ( $key =~ /^mta_/ ) {
            my @warning           = @{ $self->warning };
            push @warning, "ERROR: Alias keys with 'mta_' prefix are not allowed, skipping alias '$key'";
            $self->warning( \@warning );
            next;
        }  
        my @path = ($key);
        check_circular( $key, $aliases, \@path, \%seen_paths,
            \@circular_references );
    }
    if ( $circular_references[0] ) {
        my @warning = @{ $self->warning };
        push @warning, "ERROR: The aliases file contains entries that are circular references";
        $self->warning( \@warning );
    }
    return \@circular_references;
}
# Recursive function to check for circular references
sub check_circular {
    my ( $current_key, $aliases, $path, $seen_paths, $circular_references ) = @_;
    my $value = $aliases->{$current_key};
    # If value is a reference to an array, process each element
    if ( ref($value) eq 'ARRAY' ) {
        foreach my $item (@$value) {
            process_item( $item, $aliases, $path, $seen_paths,
                $circular_references );
        }
    }
    # If value is a scalar (string), process it directly
    elsif ( !ref($value) ) {
        process_item( $value, $aliases, $path, $seen_paths,
            $circular_references );
    }
}
# Process individual items and check for circular references
sub process_item {
    my ( $item, $aliases, $path, $seen_paths, $circular_references ) = @_;
    # Split comma-separated values and trim whitespace
    my @items = split( /,/, $item );
    foreach my $subitem (@items) {
        $subitem =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;    # Trim whitespace
        next unless $subitem;          # Skip empty items
         
        # Skip items with mta_ prefix
        next if $subitem =~ /^mta_/x;
        # Check if this is a reference to another alias
        if ( exists $aliases->{$subitem} ) {
            # Check for circular reference
            if ( grep { $_ eq $subitem } @$path ) {
                # Found a circular reference
                my @circular_path = ( @$path, $subitem );
                my $path_str      = join( " -> ", @circular_path );
                push @$circular_references, $path_str;
            }
            else {
                # Continue tracing the path
                my @new_path = ( @$path, $subitem );
                check_circular( $subitem, $aliases, \@new_path, $seen_paths,
                    $circular_references );
            }
        }
    }
}
# Clean up with namespace::autoclean
__PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;
1;
HideShow 278 lines of Pod
=head1 NAME
Mail::Alias::LocalFile - A module for resolving email aliases and building recipient lists
from a locally maintained aliases file. The MTA shared aliases file may stll be
used when and if desired.
=head1 SYNOPSIS
    use Mail::Alias::LocalFile;
    $resolver = Mail::Alias::LocalFile->new(aliases => $alias_file_href);
    $result = $resolver->resolve_recipients($intended_recipients_aref);
    # Get the final comma-separated list of recipients
    my $recipients = $result->{recipients};
    # Check for any warnings
    if (@{$result->{warning}}) {
        print "Warnings: ", join("\n", @{$result->{warning}}), "\n";
    }
    You can also detect all circular references in  the local aliases file:
        $resolver = Mail::Alias::LocalFile->new(aliases => $alias_file_href);
        $circular = $resolver->detect_circular_references($alias_file_ref);
        my @circular_references = @{$circular};
        if ( $circular_references[0] ) {
            print "Circular references detected: ", join("\n", @circular_references), "\n";
        }
=head1 DESCRIPTION
The C<Mail::Alias::LocalFile> module provides functionality to resolve email addresses and aliases into a
unique list of email recipients. It handles nested aliases, validates email addresses, and
detects circular references in alias definitions.
This module is particularly useful for applications that need to expand distribution lists
or group aliases into actual email addresses while ensuring uniqueness and validity.
Use of the system aliases file when desired is supported via the special alias prefix 'mta_'.
Values with the prefix 'mta_' will not be expanded locally but will be passed to the MTA for
expansion. The 'mta_' prefix will be stripped before passing to the MTA. 
Alias keys with the 'mta_' prefix are not allowed and will be skipped with a warning.
    my $aliases = {
        'group2' => 'Mary@example.com, Joe@example.com'
        'system' => 'mta_postmaster',
        'normal' => 'normal@example.com',
    };
    use Mail::Alias::LocalFile;
    my $resolver   = Mail::Alias::LocalFile->new(aliases => $aliases);
    my $result     = $resolver->resolve_recipients([ bill@example.com group2 system ]);
    my $recipients = $result->{recipients};
    The recipients email addresses to pass to your email client code is:
        'bill@example.com,mary@example,com,joe@example.com,postmaster'
        group2 and mta_postmaster are expanded from the local aliases file
        and the postmaster alias will expand from  the system wide aliases file
=head1 OUTPUT 
    Returns a hash_ref:
        $result{recipients} 
        $result{warning}
        $result{original_input}
        $result{aliases}
        $result{processed_aliases}
        $result{expanded_addresses}
        $result{uniq_email_addresses}
        $result{mta_aliases}
Where $result{recipients} is the comma separated expanded email addresses and MTA aliases
suitable for use in the To: field of your email code
Always check $result{warning} to identify problems encountered, if any.
The other available result values are useful for troubleshooting
=head1 ATTRIBUTES
=head2 warning
An array reference storing warning messages generated during processing.
    $resolver->warning(["Warning message"]);
    my $warnings = $resolver->warning;
=head2 aliases
A hash reference mapping alias names to their values (either strings or array 
references). This attribute is required when creating a new instance. It is 
provided from your application after your application loads a locally 
maintained aliases file.
    my $resolver   = Mail::Alias::LocalFile->new(aliases => $aliases);
    my $aliases = $resolver->aliases;
    This is how Perl sees your local alias file data for parsing.
=head2 expanded_addresses
An array reference containing the cumulative expanded email addresses (including 
duplicates as each item from the input is expanded
    my $all_addresses = $resolver->expanded_addresses;
    For troubleshooting if your result is not as expected.
=head2 addresses_and_aliases
An array reference.  A working copy of the original_input that is consumed
by shift, to provide each item of the array for analysis. 
=head2 original_input
An array reference containing the original input provided to C<resolve_recipients>.
    my $result     = $resolver->resolve_recipients([ bill@example.com group2 system ]);
    my $original = $resolver->original_input;
    Stored for troubleshooting purposes, if needed.
=head2 processed_aliases
A hash reference tracking which aliases have been processed and used to avoid 
duplicate processing and suppress circular references (if any).
    my $processed = $resolver->processed_aliases;
=head2 uniq_email_addresses
An array reference containing the final list of unique email addresses after
expansion and deduplication.
    my $unique = $resolver->uniq_email_addresses;
=head2 mta_aliases
An array reference containing aliases that should be passed to the MTA for 
expansion after the 'mta_' prefix has been removed. Not used unless the local 
alias has a value containing an alias with the mta_ prefix. The mta_ prefix
must be used in order to pass an alias through for expansion by the MTA alias
file.
    my $mta_aliases = $resolver->mta_aliases;
=head1 METHODS
=head2 resolve_recipients
Expands a list of addresses and aliases into a unique list of email addresses.
    my $result = $resolver->resolve_recipients(['team', 'john@example.com']);
Returns a hash reference with the following keys:
=over 4
=item * C<expanded_addresses>: All expanded addresses (including duplicates)
=item * C<uniq_email_addresses>: Unique email addresses after deduplication
=item * C<recipients>: Comma-separated string of unique addresses and MTA aliases
=item * C<original_input>: Original input provided
=item * C<warning>: Any warnings generated during processing
=item * C<aliases>: Reference to the original aliases hash
=item * C<processed_aliases>: Aliases that were processed
=item * C<mta_aliases>: Aliases designated to be processed by the MTA
=back
=head2 extract_addresses_from_list
Processes a single element that might contain multiple addresses or aliases.
    $resolver->extract_addresses_from_list('john@example.com, team');
=head2 process_single_item
Processes a single item, determining if it's an email address, an alias, or an MTA-delegated alias.
    $resolver->process_single_item('john@example.com');
=head2 process_mta_alias
Processes an MTA-delegated alias (with 'mta_' prefix).
    $resolver->process_mta_alias('postmaster');
=head2 process_potential_email
Validates and normalizes a potential email address.
    $resolver->process_potential_email('John@Example.COM');
=head2 process_potential_alias
Processes an alias name, expanding it if found.
    $resolver->process_potential_alias('team');
=head2 expand_alias
Expands an alias into its constituent addresses and/or other aliases.
    $resolver->expand_alias('team');
=head2 remove_duplicate_email_addresses
Removes duplicate email addresses from the expanded list.
    my $unique_addresses = $resolver->remove_duplicate_email_addresses();
=head2 detect_circular_references
Detects circular references in the alias definitions.
    my @circular = $resolver->detect_circular_references($aliases);
Returns an array of strings describing any circular references found, with each string
showing the path of the circular reference (e.g., "team -> dev-team -> team").
=head2 check_circular
Internal recursive function to check for circular references.
=head2 process_item
Internal function to process individual items when checking for circular references.
=head1 DEPENDENCIES
=over 4
=item * Moo
=item * namespace::autoclean
=item * Email::Valid
=item * Scalar::Util
=item * Data::Dumper::Concise
=item * Types::Standard
=back
=head1 AUTHOR
Russ Brewer (RBREW) rbrew@cpan.org
=head1 VERSION
0.01
=head1 SEE ALSO
=over 4
=item * Email::Valid->address
=item * Moo
=back
=cut