NAME

Net::Twitter::Lite::WithAPIv1_1 - A perl interface to the Twitter API v1.1

VERSION

version 0.12008

SYNOPSIS

use Net::Twitter::Lite::WithAPIv1_1;
use Scalar::Util 'blessed';

my $nt = Net::Twitter::Lite::WithAPIv1_1->new(
    consumer_key        => $consumer_key,
    consumer_secret     => $consumer_secret,
    access_token        => $token,
    access_token_secret => $token_secret,
);

my $result = $nt->update('Hello, world!');

eval {
    my $statuses = $nt->home_timeline({ since_id => $high_water, count => 100 });
    for my $status ( @$statuses ) {
        print "$status->{created_at} <$status->{user}{screen_name}> $status->{text}\n";
    }
};
if ( my $err = $@ ) {
    die $@ unless blessed $err && $err->isa('Net::Twitter::Lite::Error');

    warn "HTTP Response Code: ", $err->code, "\n",
         "HTTP Message......: ", $err->message, "\n",
         "Twitter error.....: ", $err->error, "\n";
}

DESCRIPTION

This module provides a perl interface to the Twitter APIs. See https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/overview for a full description of the Twitter APIs.

RETURN VALUES

Net::Twitter::Lite decodes the data structures returned by the Twitter API into native perl data structures (HASH references and ARRAY references). The full layout of those data structures are not documented, here. They change often, usually with the addition of new elements, and documenting all of those changes would be a significant challenge.

Instead, rely on the online Twitter API documentation and inspection of the returned data.

The Twitter API online documentation is located at https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/overview.

To inspect the data, use Data::Dumper or similar module of your choice. Here's a simple example using Data::Dumper:

use Data::Dumper;

my $r = $nt->search($search_term);
print Dumper $r;

For more information on perl data structures, see perlreftut, perldsc, and perllol.

METHODS AND ARGUMENTS

new

This constructs a Net::Twitter::Lite::WithAPIv1_1 object. It takes several named parameters, all of them optional:

clientname

The value for the X-Twitter-Client-Name HTTP header. It defaults to "Perl Net::Twitter::Lite::WithAPIv1_1". Note: This option has nothing to do with the "via" application byline.

clientver

The value for the X-Twitter-Client-Version HTTP header. It defaults to current version of this module.

clienturl

The value for the X-Twitter-Client-URL HTTP header. It defaults to the search.cpan.org page for the Net::Twitter::Lite distribution.

useragent_class

The LWP::UserAgent compatible class used internally to make HTTP requests. It defaults to "LWP::UserAgent". For POE based applications, consider using "LWP::UserAgent::POE".

useragent_args

An HASH ref of arguments to pass to constructor of the class specified with useragent_class, above. It defaults to {} (an empty HASH ref).

useragent

The value for User-Agent HTTP header. It defaults to "Net::Twitter::Lite::WithAPIv1_1/$VERSION (Perl)", where $VERSION is the current version of this module.

source

Twitter on longer uses the source parameter. Support for it remains in this module for any compatible services that may use it. It was originally used by Twitter to provide an "via" application byline.

apiurl

The URL for the Twitter API. This defaults to "http://api.twitter.com/1.1". This option is available when the API::RESTv1_1 trait is included.

upload_url

Base URL for media uploads. Defaults to "https://upload.twitter.com/1.1".

apirealm

A string containing the Twitter API realm used for Basic Authentication. It defaults to "Twitter API". This option is available when the API::RESTv1_1 trait is included.

identica

If set to 1, Net::Twitter::Lite::WithAPIv1_1 overrides the defaults for apiurl, apihost, and apirealm to "http://identi.ca/api", "identi.ca:80", and "Laconica API" respectively. It defaults to 0.

consumer_key

A string containing the OAuth consumer key provided by Twitter when an application is registered. This option is available when the OAuth trait is included.

consumer_secret

A string containing the OAuth consumer secret. This option is available when the OAuth trait is included.

ssl

If set to 1, an SSL connection will be used for all API calls. Defaults to 1.

netrc

(Optional) Sets the machine key to look up in .netrc to obtain credentials. If set to 1, will use the value of the netrc_machine option (below).

# in .netrc
machine api.twitter.com
  login YOUR_TWITTER_USER_NAME
  password YOUR_TWITTER_PASSWORD
machine semifor.twitter.com
  login semifor
  password SUPERSECRET

# in your perl program
$nt = Net::Twitter::Lite::WithAPIv1_1->new(netrc => 1);
$nt = Net::Twitter::Lite::WithAPIv1_1->new(netrc => 'semifor.twitter.com');

netrc_machine

(Optional) Sets the machine entry to look up in .netrc when <netrc = 1>> is used. Defaults to api.twitter.com.

wrap_result

(Optional) If set to 1, this option will return an Net::Twitter::Lite::WrapResult object, which provides both the Twitter API result and the HTTP::Response object for the API call. See Net::Twitter::Lite::WrapResult for details.

credentials($username, $password)

Set the credentials for Basic Authentication. This is helpful for managing multiple accounts.

AUTHENTICATION

With Twitter API version 1.1, all API calls require OAuth. Other Twitter compatible services, like Identi.ca, accept Basic Authentication. So, this module provides support for both.

For OAuth authentication, provide consumer_key and consumer_secret arguments to new. Set access_token and access_token_secret for each call, or provide them as arguments to new.

For Basic Authentication, provide the username and password options to "new" or call the "credentials" method.

In addition to the arguments specified for each API method described below, an additional authenticate parameter can be passed. To request an Authorization header, pass authenticate => 1; to suppress an authentication header, pass authenticate => 0. Even if requested, an Authorization header will not be added if there are no user credentials (username and password for Basic Authentication; access tokens for OAuth).

This is probably only useful for non-Twitter sites that use the Twitter API and support unauthenticated calls.

API METHODS AND ARGUMENTS

Most Twitter API methods take parameters. All API methods will accept a HASH ref of named parameters as specified in the Twitter API documentation. For convenience, many methods accept simple positional arguments. The positional parameter passing style is optional; you can always use the named parameters in a HASH reference if you prefer.

You may pass any number of required parameters as positional parameters. You must pass them in the order specified in the documentation for each method. Optional parameters must be passed as named parameters in a HASH reference. The HASH reference containing the named parameters must be the final parameter to the method call. Any required parameters not passed as positional parameters, must be included in the named parameter HASH reference.

For example, the REST API method update has one required parameter, status. You can call update with a HASH ref argument:

$nt->update({ status => 'Hello world!' });

Or, you can use the convenient, positional parameter form:

$nt->update('Hello world!');

The update method also has an optional parameter, in_reply_to_status_id. To use it, you must use the HASH ref form:

$nt->update({ status => 'Hello world!', in_reply_to_status_id => $reply_to });

You may use the convenient positional form for the required status parameter with the optional parameters specified in the named parameter HASH reference:

$nt->update('Hello world!', { in_reply_to_status_id => $reply_to });

Convenience form is provided for the required parameters of all API methods. So, these two calls are equivalent:

$nt->friendship_exists({ user_a => $fred, user_b => $barney });
$nt->friendship_exists($fred, $barney);

Many API methods have aliases. You can use the API method name, or any of its aliases, as you prefer. For example, these calls are all equivalent:

$nt->friendship_exists($fred, $barney);
$nt->relationship_exists($fred, $barney);
$nt->follows($fred, $barney);

Aliases support both the HASH ref and convenient forms:

$nt->follows({ user_a => $fred, user_b => $barney });

Synthetic Arguments

In addition to the arguments described in the Twitter API Documentation for each API method, these additional synthetic arguments are supported.

authenticate: When set to 1, an Authorization header for the API call will be provided; when set to 0, it will suppress the Authentication header. This argument overrides the defined authentication behavior for the API method. It is probably only useful for the rate_limit_satus method which returns different values for authenticated and unauthenticated calls. See "AUTHENTICATION" for more details.

API Methods

account_settings

Parameters: none
Required: none

Returns the current trend, geo and sleep time information for the authenticating user.

Returns: HashRef

add_list_member

Parameters: list_id, slug, user_id, screen_name, owner_screen_name, owner_id
Required: none

Add a member to a list. The authenticated user must own the list to be able to add members to it. Note that lists can't have more than 500 members.

Returns: User

add_place

add_place(name, contained_within, token, lat, long)

Parameters: name, contained_within, token, lat, long, attribute:street_address, callback
Required: name, contained_within, token, lat, long

Creates a new place object at the given latitude and longitude.

Before creating a place you need to query similar_places with the latitude, longitude and name of the place you wish to create. The query will return an array of places which are similar to the one you wish to create, and a token. If the place you wish to create isn't in the returned array you can use the token with this method to create a new one.

Returns: Place

blocking

alias: blocks_list

Parameters: cursor, include_entities, skip_status
Required: none

Returns an array of user objects that the authenticating user is blocking.

Returns: ArrayRef[BasicUser]

blocking_ids

alias: blocks_ids

Parameters: cursor, stringify_ids
Required: none

Returns an array of numeric user ids the authenticating user is blocking.

Returns: ArrayRef[Int]

contributees

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, include_entities, skip_satus
Required: none

Returns an array of users that the specified user can contribute to.

Returns: ArrayRef[User]

contributors

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, include_entities, skip_satus
Required: none

Returns an array of users who can contribute to the specified account.

Returns: ArrayRef[User]

create_block

create_block(id)

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, include_entities, skip_status
Required: id

Blocks the user specified in the user_id or screen_name parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the blocked user when successful. You can find out more about blocking in the Twitter Support Knowledge Base.

Returns: BasicUser

create_favorite

create_favorite(id)

Parameters: id, include_entities
Required: id

Favorites the status specified in the ID parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the favorite status when successful.

Returns: Status

create_friend

alias: follow

alias: follow_new

alias: create_friendship

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, follow
Required: none

Follows the user specified in the user_id or screen_name parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the befriended user when successful. Returns a string describing the failure condition when unsuccessful.

Returns: BasicUser

create_list

create_list(name)

Parameters: list_id, slug, name, mode, description, owner_screen_name, owner_id
Required: name

Creates a new list for the authenticated user. Note that you can't create more than 20 lists per account.

Returns: List

create_saved_search

create_saved_search(query)

Parameters: query
Required: query

Creates a saved search for the authenticated user.

Returns: SavedSearch

delete_list

Parameters: owner_screen_name, owner_id, list_id, slug
Required: none

Deletes the specified list. The authenticated user must own the list to be able to destroy it.

Returns: List

delete_list_member

alias: remove_list_member

Parameters: list_id, slug, user_id, screen_name, owner_screen_name, owner_id
Required: none

Removes the specified member from the list. The authenticated user must be the list's owner to remove members from the list.

Returns: User

destroy_block

destroy_block(id)

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, include_entities, skip_status
Required: id

Un-blocks the user specified in the user_id or screen_name parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the un-blocked user when successful.

Returns: BasicUser

destroy_direct_message

destroy_direct_message(id)

Parameters: id, include_entities
Required: id

Destroys the direct message specified in the required ID parameter. The authenticating user must be the recipient of the specified direct message.

Important: this method requires an access token with RWD (read, write, and direct message) permissions.

Returns: DirectMessage

destroy_favorite

destroy_favorite(id)

Parameters: id, include_entities
Required: id

Un-favorites the status specified in the ID parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the un-favorited status.

Returns: Status

destroy_friend

destroy_friend(id)

alias: unfollow

alias: destroy_friendship

Parameters: user_id, screen_name
Required: id

Discontinues friendship with the user specified in the user_id or screen_name parameter as the authenticating user. Returns the un-friended user when successful. Returns a string describing the failure condition when unsuccessful.

Returns: BasicUser

destroy_saved_search

destroy_saved_search(id)

alias: delete_saved_search

Parameters: id
Required: id

Destroys a saved search. The search, specified by id, must be owned by the authenticating user.

Returns: SavedSearch

destroy_status

destroy_status(id)

Parameters: id, trim_user
Required: id

Destroys the status specified by the required ID parameter. The authenticating user must be the author of the specified status.

Returns: Status

direct_messages

Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, page, include_entities, skip_status
Required: none

Returns a list of the 20 most recent direct messages sent to the authenticating user including detailed information about the sending and recipient users.

Important: this method requires an access token with RWD (read, write, and direct message) permissions.

Returns: ArrayRef[DirectMessage]

favorites

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, count, since_id, max_id, include_entities
Required: none

Returns the 20 most recent favorite statuses for the authenticating user or user specified by the ID parameter.

Returns: ArrayRef[Status]

followers

alias: followers_list

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, cursor
Required: none

Returns a cursored collection of user objects for users following the specified user.

Returns: HashRef

followers_ids

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, cursor, stringify_ids
Required: none

Returns a reference to an array of numeric IDs for every user following the specified user. The order of the IDs may change from call to call. To obtain the screen names, pass the arrayref to "lookup_users".

Use the optional cursor parameter to retrieve IDs in pages of 5000. When the cursor parameter is used, the return value is a reference to a hash with keys previous_cursor, next_cursor, and ids. The value of ids is a reference to an array of IDS of the user's followers. Set the optional cursor parameter to -1 to get the first page of IDs. Set it to the prior return's value of previous_cursor or next_cursor to page forward or backwards. When there are no prior pages, the value of previous_cursor will be 0. When there are no subsequent pages, the value of next_cursor will be 0.

Returns: HashRef|ArrayRef[Int]

friends

alias: friends_list

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, cursor
Required: none

Returns a cursored collection of user objects for users followed by the specified user.

Returns: HashRef

friends_ids

alias: following_ids

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, cursor, stringify_ids
Required: none

Returns a reference to an array of numeric IDs for every user followed by the specified user. The order of the IDs is reverse chronological.

Use the optional cursor parameter to retrieve IDs in pages of 5000. When the cursor parameter is used, the return value is a reference to a hash with keys previous_cursor, next_cursor, and ids. The value of ids is a reference to an array of IDS of the user's friends. Set the optional cursor parameter to -1 to get the first page of IDs. Set it to the prior return's value of previous_cursor or next_cursor to page forward or backwards. When there are no prior pages, the value of previous_cursor will be 0. When there are no subsequent pages, the value of next_cursor will be 0.

Returns: HashRef|ArrayRef[Int]

friendships_incoming

alias: incoming_friendships

Parameters: cursor, stringify_ids
Required: none

Returns an HASH ref with an array of numeric IDs in the ids element for every user who has a pending request to follow the authenticating user.

Returns: HashRef

friendships_outgoing

alias: outgoing_friendships

Parameters: cursor, stringify_ids
Required: none

Returns an HASH ref with an array of numeric IDs in the ids element for every protected user for whom the authenticating user has a pending follow request.

Returns: HashRef

geo_id

geo_id(id)

Parameters: id
Required: id

Returns details of a place returned from the reverse_geocode method.

Returns: HashRef

geo_search

Parameters: lat, long, query, ip, granularity, accuracy, max_results, contained_within, attribute:street_address, callback
Required: none

Search for places that can be attached to a statuses/update. Given a latitude and a longitude pair, an IP address, or a name, this request will return a list of all the valid places that can be used as the place_id when updating a status.

Conceptually, a query can be made from the user's location, retrieve a list of places, have the user validate the location he or she is at, and then send the ID of this location with a call to statuses/update.

This is the recommended method to use find places that can be attached to statuses/update. Unlike geo/reverse_geocode which provides raw data access, this endpoint can potentially re-order places with regards to the user who is authenticated. This approach is also preferred for interactive place matching with the user.

Returns: HashRef

get_configuration

Parameters: none
Required: none

Returns the current configuration used by Twitter including twitter.com slugs which are not usernames, maximum photo resolutions, and t.co URL lengths.

It is recommended applications request this endpoint when they are loaded, but no more than once a day.

Returns: HashRef

get_languages

Parameters: none
Required: none

Returns the list of languages supported by Twitter along with their ISO 639-1 code. The ISO 639-1 code is the two letter value to use if you include lang with any of your requests.

Returns: ArrayRef[Lanugage]

get_list

alias: show_list

Parameters: list_id, slug, owner_screen_name, owner_id
Required: none

Returns the specified list. Private lists will only be shown if the authenticated user owns the specified list.

Returns: List

get_lists

alias: all_subscriptions

alias: list_lists all_subscriptions

Parameters: user_id, screen_name reverse
Required: none

Returns all lists the authenticating or specified user subscribes to, including their own. The user is specified using the user_id or screen_name parameters. If no user is given, the authenticating user is used.

A maximum of 100 results will be returned by this call. Subscribed lists are returned first, followed by owned lists. This means that if a user subscribes to 90 lists and owns 20 lists, this method returns 90 subscriptions and 10 owned lists. The reverse method returns owned lists first, so with reverse = 1>, 20 owned lists and 80 subscriptions would be returned. If your goal is to obtain every list a user owns or subscribes to, use <list_ownerships> and/or list_subscriptions instead.

Returns: ArrayRef[Lists]

get_privacy_policy

Parameters: none
Required: none

Returns Twitter's privacy policy.

Returns: HashRef

get_tos

Parameters: none
Required: none

Returns the Twitter Terms of Service. These are not the same as the Developer Rules of the Road.

Returns: HashRef

home_timeline

Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, exclude_replies, contributor_details, include_entities, trim_user
Required: none

Returns the 20 most recent statuses, including retweets, posted by the authenticating user and that user's friends.

Returns: ArrayRef[Status]

list_members

Parameters: list_id, slug, owner_screen_name, owner_id, cursor, include_entities, skip_status
Required: none

Returns the members of the specified list. Private list members will only be shown if the authenticated user owns the specified list.

Returns: Hashref

list_memberships

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, cursor, filter_to_owned_lists
Required: none

Returns the lists the specified user has been added to. If user_id or screen_name are not provided the memberships for the authenticating user are returned.

Returns: Hashref

list_statuses

Parameters: list_id, slug, owner_screen_name, owner_id, since_id, max_id, count, include_entities, include_rts
Required: none

Returns tweet timeline for members of the specified list. Historically, retweets were not available in list timeline responses but you can now use the include_rts=true parameter to additionally receive retweet objects.

Returns: ArrayRef[Status]

list_subscribers

Parameters: list_id, slug, owner_screen_name, owner_id, cursor, include_entities, skip_status
Required: none

Returns the subscribers of the specified list. Private list subscribers will only be shown if the authenticated user owns the specified list.

Returns: Hashref

lookup_friendships

Parameters: user_id, screen_name
Required: none

Returns the relationship of the authenticating user to the comma separated list or ARRAY ref of up to 100 screen_names or user_ids provided. Values for connections can be: following, following_requested, followed_by, none. Requires authentication.

Returns: ArrayRef

lookup_users

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, include_entities
Required: none

Return up to 100 users worth of extended information, specified by either ID, screen name, or combination of the two. The author's most recent status (if the authenticating user has permission) will be returned inline. This method is rate limited to 1000 calls per hour.

This method will accept user IDs or screen names as either a comma delimited string, or as an ARRAY ref. It will also accept arguments in the normal HASHREF form or as a simple list of named arguments. I.e., any of the following forms are acceptable:

$nt->lookup_users({ user_id => '1234,6543,3333' });
$nt->lookup_users(user_id => '1234,6543,3333');
$nt->lookup_users({ user_id => [ 1234, 6543, 3333 ] });
$nt->lookup_users({ screen_name => 'fred,barney,wilma' });
$nt->lookup_users(screen_name => ['fred', 'barney', 'wilma']);

$nt->lookup_users(
    screen_name => ['fred', 'barney' ],
    user_id     => '4321,6789',
);

Returns: ArrayRef[User]

members_create_all

alias: add_list_members

Parameters: list_id, slug, owner_screen_name, owner_id
Required: none

Adds multiple members to a list, by specifying a reference to an array or a comma-separated list of member ids or screen names. The authenticated user must own the list to be able to add members to it. Note that lists can't have more than 500 members, and you are limited to adding up to 100 members to a list at a time with this method.

Returns: List

members_destroy_all

alias: remove_list_members

Parameters: list_id, slug, user_id, screen_name, owner_screen_name, owner_id
Required: none

Removes multiple members from a list, by specifying a reference to an array of member ids or screen names, or a string of comma separated user ids or screen names. The authenticated user must own the list to be able to remove members from it. Note that lists can't have more than 500 members, and you are limited to removing up to 100 members to a list at a time with this method.

Please note that there can be issues with lists that rapidly remove and add memberships. Take care when using these methods such that you are not too rapidly switching between removals and adds on the same list.

Returns: List

mentions

alias: replies

alias: mentions_timeline

Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, trim_user, include_entities, contributor_details
Required: none

Returns the 20 most recent mentions (statuses containing @username) for the authenticating user.

Returns: ArrayRef[Status]

new_direct_message

new_direct_message(text)

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, text
Required: text

Sends a new direct message to the specified user from the authenticating user. Requires both the user and text parameters. Returns the sent message when successful. In order to support numeric screen names, the screen_name or user_id parameters may be used instead of user.

Important: this method requires an access token with RWD (read, write, and direct message) permissions.

Returns: DirectMessage

no_retweet_ids

Parameters: none
Required: none

Returns an ARRAY ref of user IDs for which the authenticating user does not want to receive retweets.

Returns: ArrayRef[UserIDs]

oembed

Parameters: id, url, maxwidth, hide_media, hide_thread, omit_script, align, related, lang
Required: none

Returns information allowing the creation of an embedded representation of a Tweet on third party sites. See the oEmbed specification for information about the response format.

While this endpoint allows a bit of customization for the final appearance of the embedded Tweet, be aware that the appearance of the rendered Tweet may change over time to be consistent with Twitter's Display Requirements. Do not rely on any class or id parameters to stay constant in the returned markup.

Returns: Status

profile_banner

Parameters: user_id, screen_name
Required: none

Returns a hash reference mapping available size variations to URLs that can be used to retrieve each variation of the banner.

Returns: HashRef

rate_limit_status

rate_limit_status(resources)

Parameters: resources
Required: none

Returns the remaining number of API requests available to the authenticated user before the API limit is reached for the current hour.

Use ->rate_limit_status({ authenticate => 0 }) to force an unauthenticated call, which will return the status for the IP address rather than the authenticated user. (Note: for a web application, this is the server's IP address.)

Returns: RateLimitStatus

remove_profile_banner

Parameters: none
Required: none

Removes the uploaded profile banner for the authenticating user.

Returns: Nothing

report_spam

report_spam(id)

Parameters: user_id, screen_name
Required: id

The user specified in the id is blocked by the authenticated user and reported as a spammer.

Returns: User

retweet

retweet(id)

Parameters: idtrim_user
Required: id

Retweets a tweet.

Returns: Status

retweets

retweets(id)

Parameters: id, count, trim_user
Required: id

Returns up to 100 of the first retweets of a given tweet.

Returns: Arrayref[Status]

retweets_of_me

alias: retweeted_of_me

Parameters: since_id, max_id, count, trim_user, include_entities, include_user_entities
Required: none

Returns the 20 most recent tweets of the authenticated user that have been retweeted by others.

Returns: ArrayRef[Status]

reverse_geocode

reverse_geocode(lat, long)

Parameters: lat, long, accuracy, granularity, max_results, callback
Required: lat, long

Search for places (cities and neighborhoods) that can be attached to a statuses/update. Given a latitude and a longitude, return a list of all the valid places that can be used as a place_id when updating a status. Conceptually, a query can be made from the user's location, retrieve a list of places, have the user validate the location he or she is at, and then send the ID of this location up with a call to statuses/update.

There are multiple granularities of places that can be returned -- "neighborhoods", "cities", etc. At this time, only United States data is available through this method.

lat: Required. The latitude to query about. Valid ranges are -90.0 to +90.0 (North is positive) inclusive.
long: Required. The longitude to query about. Valid ranges are -180.0 to +180.0 (East is positive) inclusive.
accuracy: Optional. A hint on the "region" in which to search. If a number, then this is a radius in meters, but it can also take a string that is suffixed with ft to specify feet. If this is not passed in, then it is assumed to be 0m. If coming from a device, in practice, this value is whatever accuracy the device has measuring its location (whether it be coming from a GPS, WiFi triangulation, etc.).
granularity: Optional. The minimal granularity of data to return. If this is not passed in, then neighborhood is assumed. city can also be passed.
max_results: Optional. A hint as to the number of results to return. This does not guarantee that the number of results returned will equal max_results, but instead informs how many "nearby" results to return. Ideally, only pass in the number of places you intend to display to the user here.

Returns: HashRef

saved_searches

Parameters: none
Required: none

Returns the authenticated user's saved search queries.

Returns: ArrayRef[SavedSearch]

search

search(q)

Parameters: q, count, callback, lang, locale, rpp, since_id, max_id, until, geocode, result_type, include_entities
Required: q

Returns a HASH reference with some meta-data about the query including the next_page, refresh_url, and max_id. The statuses are returned in results. To iterate over the results, use something similar to:

my $r = $nt->search($searh_term);
for my $status ( @{$r->{statuses}} ) {
    print "$status->{text}\n";
}

Returns: HashRef

sent_direct_messages

alias: direct_messages_sent

Parameters: since_id, max_id, page, count, include_entities
Required: none

Returns a list of the 20 most recent direct messages sent by the authenticating user including detailed information about the sending and recipient users.

Important: this method requires an access token with RWD (read, write, and direct message) permissions.

Returns: ArrayRef[DirectMessage]

show_direct_message

show_direct_message(id)

Parameters: id
Required: id

Returns a single direct message, specified by an id parameter. Like the direct_messages request, this method will include the user objects of the sender and recipient. Requires authentication.

Important: this method requires an access token with RWD (read, write, and direct message) permissions.

Returns: HashRef

show_friendship

alias: show_relationship

Parameters: source_id, source_screen_name, target_id, target_screen_name
Required: none

Returns detailed information about the relationship between two users.

Returns: Relationship

show_list_member

alias: is_list_member

Parameters: owner_screen_name, owner_id, list_id, slug, user_id, screen_name, include_entities, skip_status
Required: none

Check if the specified user is a member of the specified list. Returns the user or undef.

Returns: Maybe[User]

show_list_subscriber

alias: is_list_subscriber

alias: is_subscriber_lists

Parameters: owner_screen_name, owner_id, list_id, slug, user_id, screen_name, include_entities, skip_status
Required: none

Returns the user if they are a subscriber.

Returns: User

show_saved_search

show_saved_search(id)

Parameters: id
Required: id

Retrieve the data for a saved search, by id, owned by the authenticating user.

Returns: SavedSearch

show_status

show_status(id)

Parameters: id, trim_user, include_entities, include_my_retweet
Required: id

Returns a single status, specified by the id parameter. The status's author will be returned inline.

Returns: Status

show_user

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, include_entities
Required: none

Returns extended information of a given user, specified by ID or screen name as per the required id parameter. This information includes design settings, so third party developers can theme their widgets according to a given user's preferences. You must be properly authenticated to request the page of a protected user.

Returns: ExtendedUser

similar_places

similar_places(lat, long, name)

Parameters: lat, long, name, contained_within, attribute:street_address, callback
Required: lat, long, name

Locates places near the given coordinates which are similar in name.

Conceptually you would use this method to get a list of known places to choose from first. Then, if the desired place doesn't exist, make a request to add_place to create a new one.

The token contained in the response is the token needed to be able to create a new place.

Returns: HashRef

subscribe_list

Parameters: owner_screen_name, owner_id, list_id, slug
Required: none

Subscribes the authenticated user to the specified list.

Returns: List

list_subscriptions

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, count, cursor
Required: none
Aliases: subscriptions

Obtain a collection of the lists the specified user is subscribed to, 20 lists per page by default. Does not include the user's own lists.

Returns: ArrayRef[List]

list_ownerships

Parameters: user_id screen_name count cursor

Obtain a collection of the lists owned by the specified Twitter user. Private lists will only be shown if the authenticated user is also the owner of the lists.

Returns: Hashref

suggestion_categories

Parameters: none
Required: none

Returns the list of suggested user categories. The category slug can be used in the user_suggestions API method get the users in that category . Does not require authentication.

Returns: ArrayRef

trends_available

Parameters: none
Required: none

Returns the locations with trending topic information. The response is an array of "locations" that encode the location's WOEID (a Yahoo! Where On Earth ID http://developer.yahoo.com/geo/geoplanet/) and some other human-readable information such as a the location's canonical name and country.

For backwards compatibility, this method accepts optional lat and long parameters. You should call trends_closest directly, instead.

Use the WOEID returned in the location object to query trends for a specific location.

Returns: ArrayRef[Location]

trends_closest

Parameters: lat, long
Required: none

Use the WOEID returned in the location object to query trends for a specific location.

Returns: ArrayRef[Location]

trends_place

trends_place(id)

alias: trends_location

Parameters: id, exclude
Required: id

Returns the top 10 trending topics for a specific WOEID. The response is an array of "trend" objects that encode the name of the trending topic, the query parameter that can be used to search for the topic on Search, and the direct URL that can be issued against Search. This information is cached for five minutes, and therefore users are discouraged from querying these endpoints faster than once every five minutes. Global trends information is also available from this API by using a WOEID of 1.

Returns: ArrayRef[Trend]

unsubscribe_list

Parameters: list_id, slug, owner_screen_name, owner_id
Required: none

Unsubscribes the authenticated user from the specified list.

Returns: List

update

update(status)

Parameters: status, lat, long, place_id, display_coordinates, in_reply_to_status_id, trim_user
Required: status

Updates the authenticating user's status. Requires the status parameter specified. A status update with text identical to the authenticating user's current status will be ignored.

status: Required. The text of your status update. URL encode as necessary. Statuses over 140 characters will cause a 403 error to be returned from the API.
in_reply_to_status_id: Optional. The ID of an existing status that the update is in reply to. o Note: This parameter will be ignored unless the author of the tweet this parameter references is mentioned within the status text. Therefore, you must include @username, where username is the author of the referenced tweet, within the update.
lat: Optional. The location's latitude that this tweet refers to. The valid ranges for latitude is -90.0 to +90.0 (North is positive) inclusive. This parameter will be ignored if outside that range, if it is not a number, if geo_enabled is disabled, or if there not a corresponding long parameter with this tweet.
long: Optional. The location's longitude that this tweet refers to. The valid ranges for longitude is -180.0 to +180.0 (East is positive) inclusive. This parameter will be ignored if outside that range, if it is not a number, if geo_enabled is disabled, or if there not a corresponding lat parameter with this tweet.
place_id: Optional. The place to attach to this status update. Valid place_ids can be found by querying reverse_geocode.
display_coordinates: Optional. By default, geo-tweets will have their coordinates exposed in the status object (to remain backwards compatible with existing API applications). To turn off the display of the precise latitude and longitude (but keep the contextual location information), pass display_coordinates = 0> on the status update.

Returns: Status

update_account_settings

Parameters: trend_location_woid, sleep_time_enabled, start_sleep_time, end_sleep_time, time_zone, lang
Required: none

Updates the authenticating user's settings.

Returns: HashRef

update_delivery_device

update_delivery_device(device)

Parameters: device, include_entities
Required: device

Sets which device Twitter delivers updates to for the authenticating user. Sending none as the device parameter will disable SMS updates.

Returns: BasicUser

update_friendship

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, device, retweets
Required: none

Allows you enable or disable retweets and device notifications from the specified user. All other values are assumed to be false. Requires authentication.

Returns: HashRef

update_list

Parameters: list_id, slug, name, mode, description, owner_screen_name, owner_id
Required: none

Updates the specified list. The authenticated user must own the list to be able to update it.

Returns: List

update_profile

Parameters: name, url, location, description, include_entities, skip_status
Required: none

Sets values that users are able to set under the "Account" tab of their settings page. Only the parameters specified will be updated; to only update the "name" attribute, for example, only include that parameter in your request.

Returns: ExtendedUser

update_profile_background_image

Parameters: image, tile, include_entities, skip_status, use
Required: none

Updates the authenticating user's profile background image. The image parameter must be an arrayref with the same interpretation as the image parameter in the update_profile_image method. See that method's documentation for details. The use parameter allows you to specify whether to use the uploaded profile background or not.

Returns: ExtendedUser

update_profile_banner

update_profile_banner(banner)

Parameters: banner, width, height, offset_left, offset_top
Required: banner

Uploads a profile banner on behalf of the authenticating user. The image parameter is an arrayref with the following interpretation:

[ $file ]
[ $file, $filename ]
[ $file, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type ]
[ undef, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type, Content => $raw_image_data ]

The first value of the array ($file) is the name of a file to open. The second value ($filename) is the name given to Twitter for the file. If $filename is not provided, the basename portion of $file is used. If $mime_type is not provided, it will be provided automatically using LWP::MediaTypes::guess_media_type().

$raw_image_data can be provided, rather than opening a file, by passing undef as the first array value.

Returns: Nothing

update_profile_colors

Parameters: profile_background_color, profile_text_color, profile_link_color, profile_sidebar_fill_color, profile_sidebar_border_color, include_entities, skip_status
Required: none

Sets one or more hex values that control the color scheme of the authenticating user's profile page on twitter.com. These values are also returned in the /users/show API method.

Returns: ExtendedUser

update_profile_image

update_profile_image(image)

Parameters: image, include_entities, skip_status
Required: image

Updates the authenticating user's profile image. The image parameter is an arrayref with the following interpretation:

[ $file ]
[ $file, $filename ]
[ $file, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type ]
[ undef, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type, Content => $raw_image_data ]

$raw_image_data can be provided, rather than opening a file, by passing undef as the first array value.

Returns: ExtendedUser

upload_media

alias: upload

Parameters: media, media_data, additional_owners
Required: media or media_data

The media parameter is an arrayref with the following interpretation:

[ $file ]
[ $file, $filename ]
[ $file, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type ]
[ undef, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type, Content => $raw_image_data ]

$raw_image_data can be provided, rather than opening a file, by passing undef as the first array value.

Or, pass base64-encoded data with the media_data parameter.

Returns: Hashref with media_id.

user_suggestions

user_suggestions(category)

alias: follow_suggestions

Parameters: category, lang
Required: category

Access the users in a given category of the Twitter suggested user list and return their most recent status if they are not a protected user. Currently supported values for optional parameter lang are en, fr, de, es, it. Does not require authentication.

Returns: ArrayRef

user_suggestions_for

user_suggestions_for(category)

alias: follow_suggestions

Parameters: category, lang
Required: category

Access the users in a given category of the Twitter suggested user list.

Returns: ArrayRef

user_timeline

Parameters: user_id, screen_name, since_id, max_id, count, trim_user, exclude_replies, include_rts, contributor_details
Required: none

Returns the 20 most recent statuses posted by the authenticating user, or the user specified by screen_name or user_id.

Returns: ArrayRef[Status]

users_search

users_search(q)

alias: find_people

alias: search_users

Parameters: q, per_page, page, count, include_entities
Required: q

Run a search for users similar to Find People button on Twitter.com; the same results returned by people search on Twitter.com will be returned by using this API (about being listed in the People Search). It is only possible to retrieve the first 1000 matches from this API.

Returns: ArrayRef[Users]

verify_credentials

Parameters: include_entities, skip_status
Required: none

Returns an HTTP 200 OK response code and a representation of the requesting user if authentication was successful; returns a 401 status code and an error message if not. Use this method to test if supplied user credentials are valid.

Returns: ExtendedUser

update_with_media

update_with_media(status, media)

Parameters: status, media[], possibly_sensitive, in_reply_to_status_id, lat, long, place_id, display_coordinates
Required: status, media

Updates the authenticating user's status and attaches media for upload.

The media[] parameter is an arrayref with the following interpretation:

[ $file ]
[ $file, $filename ]
[ $file, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type ]
[ undef, $filename, Content_Type => $mime_type, Content => $raw_image_data ]

$raw_image_data can be provided, rather than opening a file, by passing undef as the first array value.

The Tweet text will be rewritten to include the media URL(s), which will reduce the number of characters allowed in the Tweet text. If the URL(s) cannot be appended without text truncation, the tweet will be rejected and this method will return an HTTP 403 error.

Returns: Status

Search API Methods

These methods are provided when trait API::Search is included in the traits option to new.

search

search(q)

Parameters: q, callback, lang, locale, rpp, page, since_id, until, geocode, show_user, result_type
Required: q

my $r = $nt->search($searh_term);
for my $status ( @{$r->{results}} ) {
    print "$status->{text}\n";
}

Returns: HashRef

TwitterVision API Methods

These methods are provided when trait API::TwitterVision is included in the traits option to new.

current_status

current_status(id)

Parameters: id, callback
Required: id

Get the current location and status of a user.

Returns: HashRef

update_twittervision

update_twittervision(location)

Parameters: location
Required: location

Updates the location for the authenticated user.

Returns: HashRef

ERROR HANDLING

When a Twitter API error or a network error is encountered, Net::Twitter::Lite::Error object is thrown. You can catch and process these exceptions by using eval blocks and testing $@:

eval {
    my $statuses = $nt->friends_timeline(); # this might die!

    for my $status ( @$statuses ) {
        #...
    }
};
if ( $@ ) {
    # friends_timeline encountered an error

    if ( blessed $@ && $@->isa('Net::Twitter::Lite::Error') ) {
        #... use the thrown error obj
        warn $@->error;
    }
    else {
        # something bad happened!
        die $@;
    }
}

Net::Twitter::Lite::Error stringifies to something reasonable, so if you don't need detailed error information, you can simply treat $@ as a string:

eval { $nt->update($status) };
if ( $@ ) {
    warn "update failed because: $@\n";
}

SUPPORT

Please report bugs at https://github.com/semifor/net-twitter-lite/issues.

Join the #net-twitter IRC channel on irc.perl.org.

Follow perl_api: http://twitter.com/perl_api.

Track development at http://github.com/semifor/net-twitter-lite.

AUTHOR

Marc Mims <marc@questright.com> (@semifor on Twitter)

CONTRIBUTORS

Marek Foss (@f055)

LICENSE

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

To install Net::Twitter::Lite, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

cpanm

cpanm Net::Twitter::Lite

CPAN shell

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install Net::Twitter::Lite

For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.

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