NAME

Net::IDN::Encode - Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (UTS #46)

SYNOPSIS

  use Net::IDN::Encode ':all';
  my $a = domain_to_ascii("müller.example.org");
  my $e = email_to_ascii("POSTMASTER@例。テスト");
  my $u = domain_to_unicode('EXAMPLE.XN--11B5BS3A9AJ6G');

NOTE

This developer version now implements UTS #46. The documentation has not been updated so far, beware!

DESCRIPTION

This module provides an easy-to-use interface for encoding and decoding Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs).

IDNs use characters drawn from a large repertoire (Unicode), but IDNA allows the non-ASCII characters to be represented using only the ASCII characters already allowed in so-called host names today (letter-digit-hypen, /[A-Z0-9-]/i).

FUNCTIONS

By default, this module does not export any subroutines. You may use the :all tag to import everything. You can also use regular expressions such as /^to_/ or /^email_/ to select some of the functions, see Exporter for details.

The following functions are available:

to_ascii( $label [, AllowUnassigned => 0] [, UseSTD3ASCIIRules => 1 ] )

Converts a single label $label to ASCII. Will throw an exception on invalid input.

This function takes the following optional parameters:

AllowUnassigned

(boolean) If set to a false value, unassigned code points in the label are not allowed.

The default is determinated by Net::IDN::Nameprep::nameprep.

UseSTD3ASCIIRules

(boolean) If set to a true value, checks the label for compliance with STD 3 (RFC 1123) syntax for host name parts.

The default is false (unlike domain_to_ascii).

This function does not try to handle strings that consist of multiple labels (such as domain names).

This function implements the ToASCII operation from RFC 3490.

to_unicode( $label [, AllowUnassigned => 0] [, UseSTD3ASCIIRules => 1 ] )

Converts a single label $label to Unicode. to_unicode never fails.

This function takes the same optional parameters as to_ascii, with the same defaults.

This function does not try to handle strings that consist of multiple labels (such as domain names).

This function implements the ToUnicode operation from RFC 3490.

domain_to_ascii( $label [, AllowUnassigned => 0] [, UseSTD3ASCIIRules => 1 ] )

Converts all labels of the hostname $domain (with labels seperated by dots) to ASCII. Will throw an exception on invalid input.

This function takes the following optional parameters:

AllowUnassigned

(boolean) If set to a false value, unassigned code points in the label are not allowed.

The default determinated by Net::IDN::Nameprep::nameprep.

UseSTD3ASCIIRules

(boolean) If set to a true value, checks the label for compliance with STD 3 (RFC 1123) syntax for host name parts.

The default is true (unlike to_ascii).

The following characters are recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 (halfwidth ideographic full stop).

domain_to_unicode( $domain [, AllowUnassigned => 0] [, UseSTD3ASCIIRules => 1 ] )

Converts all labels of the hostname $domain (with labels seperated by dots) to Unicode. Any input is valid.

This function takes the same optional parameters as domain_to_ascii, with the same defaults.

The following characters are recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 (halfwidth ideographic full stop).

email_to_ascii( $email )

Converts the domain part (right hand side, separated by an at sign) of the RFC 2821/2822 email address to ASCII. May throw an exception on invalid input.

This function currently does not handle internationalization of the local-part (left hand side). This may change in future versions.

The follwing characters are recognized as at signs: U+0040 (commercial at), U+FF20 (fullwidth commercial at).

email_to_unicode( $email )

Converts the domain part (right hand side, separated by an at sign) of the RFC 2821/2822 email address to Unicode. May throw an exception on invalid input.

This function currently does not handle internationalization of the local-part (left hand side). This may change in future versions.

The follwing characters are recognized as at signs: U+0040 (commercial at), U+FF20 (fullwidth commercial at).

AUTHOR

Claus Färber <CFAERBER@cpan.org>

LICENSE

Copyright 2007-2010 Claus Färber.

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

SEE ALSO

Net::IDN::Nameprep, Net::IDN::Punycode, RFC 3490 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3490.txt)