NAME

ElasticSearch - An API for communicating with ElasticSearch

VERSION

Version 0.10 - this is an alpha release

DESCRIPTION

ElasticSearch is an Open Source (Apache 2 license), distributed, RESTful Search Engine based on Lucene, and built for the cloud, with a JSON API.

Check out its features: http://www.elasticsearch.com/products/elasticsearch/

This module is a thin API which makes it easy to communicate with an ElasticSearch cluster.

It maintains a list of all servers/nodes in the ElasticSearch cluster, and spreads the load randomly across these nodes. If the current active node disappears, then it attempts to connect to another node in the list.

Forking a process triggers a server list refresh, and a new connection to a randomly chosen node in the list.

SYNOPSIS

    use ElasticSearch;
    my $e = ElasticSearch->new(
        servers     => 'search.foo.com',
        debug       => 1,
        trace_calls => 'log_file',
    );

    $e->index(
        index => 'twitter',
        type  => 'tweet',
        id    => 1,
        data  => {
            user        => 'kimchy',
            post_date   => '2009-11-15T14:12:12',
            message     => 'trying out Elastic Search'
        }
    );

    $data = $e->get(
        index => 'twitter',
        type  => 'tweet',
        id    => 1
    );

    $results = $e->search(
        index => 'twitter',
        type  => 'tweet',
        query => {
            term    => { user => 'kimchy' },
        }
    );

GETTING ElasticSearch

To get the latest version from github, you can just install Alien::ElasticSearch, or if you already have it installed, then try:

    use Alien::ElasticSearch;;
    Alien::ElasticSearch->update_from_git;

Alternatively, you can download the latest release from http://www.elasticsearch.com/download/, or to build from source on Unix:

    cd ~
    git clone git://github.com/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.git
    cd elasticsearch
    ./gradlew

    cd /path/where/you/want/elasticsearch
    unzip ~/elasticsearch/build/distributions/elasticsearch*

To start a test server in the foreground:

   ./bin/elasticsearch -f

You can start multiple servers by repeating this command - they will autodiscover each other.

More instructions are available here: http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/setup/installation

CALLING CONVENTIONS

I've tried to follow the same terminology as used in the ElasticSearch docs when naming methods, so it should be easy to tie the two together.

Some methods require a specific index and a specific type, while others allow a list of indices or types, or allow you to specify all indices or types. I distinguish between them as follows:

   $e->method( index => multi, type => single, ...)

multi values can be:

      index   => 'twitter'          # specific index
      index   => ['twitter','user'] # list of indices
      index   => undef              # (or not specified) = all indices

single values must be a scalar, and are required parameters

      type  => 'tweet'

RETURN VALUES AND EXCEPTIONS

Methods that query the ElasticSearch cluster return the raw data structure that the cluster returns. This may change in the future, but as these data structures are still in flux, I thought it safer not to try to interpret.

Anything that is know to be an error throws an exception, eg trying to delete a non-existent index.

METHODS

Creating a new ElasticSearch instance

`new()`

    $e = ElasticSearch->new(
            servers     =>  '127.0.0.1:9200'            # single server
                            | ['es1.foo.com:9200',
                               'es2.foo.com:9200'],     # multiple servers
            debug       => 1 | 0,
            ua_options  => { LWP::UserAgent options},

     );

servers is a required parameter and can be either a single server or an ARRAY ref with a list of servers. These servers are used to retrieve a list of all servers in the cluster, after which one is chosen at random to be the "current_server()".

Document-indexing methods

`index()`

    $result = $e->index(
        index   => single,
        type    => single,
        id      => $document_id,        # optional, otherwise auto-generated
        data    => {
            key => value,
            ...
        },
        timeout => eg '1m' or '10s'     # optional
        create  => 1 |0                 # optional
    );

eg:

    $result = $e->index(
        index   => 'twitter',
        type    => 'tweet',
        id      => 1,
        data    => {
            user        => 'kimchy',
            post_date   => '2009-11-15T14:12:12',
            message     => 'trying out Elastic Search'
        },
    );

Used to add a document to a specific index as a specific type with a specific id. If the index/type/id combination already exists, then that document is updated, otherwise it is created.

Note:

If the id is not specified, then ElasticSearch autogenerates a unique ID and a new document is always created.
If create is true, then a new document is created, even if the same index/type/id combination already exists! create can be used to slightly increase performance when creating documents that are known not to exists in the index.

`set()`

set() is a synonym for "index()"

`create()`

create is a synonym for "index()" but creates instead of first checking whether the doc already exists. This speeds up the indexing process.

`get()`

    $result = $e->get(
        index   => single,
        type    => single,
        id      => single,
    );

Returns the document stored at index/type/id or throws an exception if the document doesn't exist.

Example:

    $e->get( index => 'twitter', type => 'tweet', id => 1)
    Returns:
    {
      _id     => 1,
      _index  => "twitter",
      _source => {
                   message => "trying out Elastic Search",
                   post_date=> "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
                   user => "kimchy",
                 },
      _type   => "tweet",
    }

`delete()`

    $result = $e->delete(
        index   => single,
        type    => single,
        id      => single,
    );

Deletes the document stored at index/type/id or throws an exception if the document doesn't exist.

Example:

    $e->delete( index => 'twitter', type => 'tweet', id => 1);

Query commands

`search()`

    $result = $e->search(
        index           => multi,
        type            => multi,
        query           => {query},
        search_type     => $search_type         # optional
        explain         => 1 | 0                # optional
        facets          => { facets }           # optional
        fields          => [$field_1,$field_n]  # optional
        from            => $start_from          # optional
        size            => $no_of_results       # optional
        sort            => ['score',$field_1]   # optional
        scroll          => '5m' | '30s'         # optional
        scroll_id       => $scroll_id           # optional
        highlight       => { highlight }        # optional
    );

Searches for all documents matching the query. Documents can be matched against multiple indices and multiple types, eg:

    $result = $e->search(
        index   => undef,               # all
        type    => ['user','tweet'],
        query   => { term => {user => 'kimchy' }}
    );

For all of the options that can be included in the query parameter, see http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/search, http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/query_dsl/, http://github.com/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/issues/issue/77 and http://github.com/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/issues/issue/69

`count()`

    $result = $e->count(
        index           => multi,
        type            => multi,

        bool
      | constantScore
      | disMax
      | field
      | filtered
      | flt
      | flt_field
      | match_all
      | mlt
      | mlt_field
      | query_string
      | prefix
      | range
      | term
      | wildcard
    );

Counts the number of documents matching the query. Documents can be matched against multiple indices and multiple types, eg

    $result = $e->count(
        index   => undef,               # all
        type    => ['user','tweet'],
        query   => { term => {user => 'kimchy' }}
    );

`delete_by_query()`

    $result = $e->delete_by_query(
        index           => multi,
        type            => multi,

        bool
      | constantScore
      | disMax
      | field
      | filtered
      | flt
      | flt_field
      | match_all
      | mlt
      | mlt_field
      | query_string
      | prefix
      | range
      | term
      | wildcard
    );

Deletes any documents matching the query. Documents can be matched against multiple indices and multiple types, eg

    $result = $e->delete_by_query(
        index   => undef,               # all
        type    => ['user','tweet'],
        term    => {user => 'kimchy' }
    );

`terms()`

    $terms = $e->terms(
        index           => multi,
        fields          => 'field' | [field1..],   # required
        min_freq        =>  integer,               # optional
        max_freq        =>  integer,               # optional
        size            =>  integer,               # optional
        sort            =>  term (default) | freq  # optional

        ## A range of terms eg alpha - omega
        from            => 'first term',           # optional
        to              => 'last term',            # optional
        from_inclusive  => 1 | 0                   # optional
        to_inclusive    => 1 | 0                   # optional

        prefix          => 'prefix',               # terms starting with
        regexp          => 'regexp',               # terms matching ^regexp$
    );

Get terms (from one or more indices) and the number of times those terms appear in a document. Useful for generating tag clouds or for auto-suggestion.

eg:

    $terms = $e->terms(
        index       => 'twitter',
        fields      => ['tweet','reply'],
        prefix      => 'arnol'
    )

`mlt()`

    # mlt == more_like_this

    $results = $e->mlt(
        index               => single,              # required
        type                => single,              # required
        id                  => $id,                 # required

        # optional more-like-this params
        boost_terms          =>  float
        mlt_fields           =>  'scalar' or ['scalar_1', 'scalar_n']
        max_doc_freq         =>  integer
        max_query_terms      =>  integer
        max_word_len         =>  integer
        min_doc_freq         =>  integer
        min_term_freq        =>  integer
        min_word_len         =>  integer
        pct_terms_to_match   =>  float
        stop_words           =>  'scalar' or ['scalar_1', 'scalar_n']

        # optional search params
        scroll               =>  '5m' | '10s'
        scroll_id            =>  "string"
        search_type          =>  "predefined_value"
        explain              =>  {explain}
        facets               =>  {facets}
        fields               =>  {fields}
        from                 =>  {from}
        highlight            =>  {highlight}
        size                 =>  {size}
        sort                 =>  {sort}

    )

More-like-this (mlt) finds related/similar documents. It is possible to run a search query with a moreLikeThis clause (where you pass in the text you're trying to match), or to use this method, which uses the text of the document referred to by index/type/id.

This gets transformed into a search query, so all of the search parameters are also available.

See http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/more_like_this/ and http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/query_dsl/moreLikeThis_query/

Index Admin methods

`index_status()`

    $result = $e->index_status(
        index   => multi,
    );

Returns the status of $result = $e->index_status(); #all $result = $e->index_status( index => ['twitter','buzz'] ); $result = $e->index_status( index => 'twitter' );

See http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/admin/indices/status

`create_index()`

    $result = $e->create_index(
        index   => single,
        defn    => {...}        # optional
    );

Creates a new index, optionally setting certain paramters, eg:

    $result = $e->create_index(
        index   => 'twitter',
        defn    => {
                number_of_shards      => 3,
                number_of_replicas    => 2,
        }
    );

Throws an exception if the index already exists.

See http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/admin/indices/create_index

`delete_index()`

    $result = $e->delete_index(
        index   => single
    );

Deletes an existing index, or throws an exception if the index doesn't exist, eg:

    $result = $e->delete_index( index => 'twitter' );

See http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/admin/indices/delete_index

`aliases()`

    $result = $e->aliases( actions => [actions] | {actions} )

Adds or removes an alias for an index, eg:

    $result = $e->aliases( actions => [
                { remove => { index => 'foo', alias => 'bar' }},
                { add    => { index => 'foo', alias => 'baz'  }}
              ]);

actions can be a single HASH ref, or an ARRAY ref containing multiple HASH refs.

See http://github.com/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/issues/issue/88

`get_aliases()`

    $result = $e->get_aliases( index => multi )

Returns a hashref listing all indices and their corresponding aliases, and all aliases and their corresponding indices, eg:

    {
      aliases => {
         bar => ["foo"],
         baz => ["foo"],
      },
      indices => { foo => ["baz", "bar"] },
    }

If you pass in the optional index argument, which can be an index name or an alias name, then it will only return the indices and aliases related to that argument.

`flush_index()`

    $result = $e->flush_index(
        index   => multi
    );

Flushes one or more indices. The flush process of an index basically frees memory from the index by flushing data to the index storage and clearing the internal transaction log. By default, ElasticSearch uses memory heuristics in order to automatically trigger flush operations as required in order to clear memory.

Example:

    $result = $e->flush_index( index => 'twitter' );

See http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/admin/indices/flush

`refresh_index()`

    $result = $e->refresh_index(
        index   => multi
    );

Explicitly refreshes one or more indices, making all operations performed since the last refresh available for search. The (near) real-time capabilities depends on the index engine used. For example, the robin one requires refresh to be called, but by default a refresh is scheduled periodically.

Example:

    $result = $e->refresh_index( index => 'twitter' );

See http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/admin/indices/refresh

`clear_cache()`

    $result = $e->clear_cache( index => multi );

Clears the caches for the specified indices (currently only the filter cache).

See http://github.com/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/issues/issue/101

`gateway_snapshot()`

    $result = $e->gateway_snapshot(
        index   => multi
    );

Explicitly performs a snapshot through the gateway of one or more indices (backs them up ). By default, each index gateway periodically snapshot changes, though it can be disabled and be controlled completely through this API.

Example:

    $result = $e->gateway_snapshot( index => 'twitter' );

See http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/admin/indices/gateway_snapshot and http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/modules/gateway

`snapshot_index()`

snapshot_index() is a synonym for "gateway_snapshot()"

`optimize_index()`

    $result = $e->optimize_index(
        index           => multi,
        only_deletes    => 1 | 0,  # only_expunge_deletes
        flush           => 1 | 0,  # flush after optmization
        refresh         => 1 | 0,  # refresh after optmization
    )

See http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/admin/indices/optimize

`put_mapping()`

    $result = $e->put_mapping(
        index               => multi,
        type                => single,
        _all                => { ... },
        properties          => { ... },      # required
        timeout             => '5m' | '10s', # optional
        ignore_conflicts    => 1 | 0,        # optional
    );

A mapping is the data definition of a type. If no mapping has been specified, then ElasticSearch tries to infer the types of each field in document, by looking at its contents, eg

    'foo'       => string
    123         => integer
    1.23        => float

However, these heuristics can be confused, so it safer (and much more powerful) to specify an official mapping instead, eg:

    $result = $e->put_mapping(
        index   => ['twitter','buzz'],
        type    => 'tweet',
        properties  =>  {
            user        =>  {type  =>  "string", index      =>  "not_analyzed"},
            message     =>  {type  =>  "string", nullValue  =>  "na"},
            post_date   =>  {type  =>  "date"},
            priority    =>  {type  =>  "integer"},
            rank        =>  {type  =>  "float"}
        }
    );

`get_mapping()`

    $mapping = $e->get_mapping(
        index       => single,
        type        => multi
    );

Returns the mappings for all types in an index, or the mapping for the specified type(s), eg:

    $mapping = $e->get_mapping(
        index       => 'twitter',
        type        => 'tweet'
    );

    $mappings = $e->get_mapping(
        index       => 'twitter',
        type        => ['tweet','user']
    );
    # { tweet => {mapping}, user => {mapping}}

The index argument must be an index name, and not an alias name.

Cluster admin methods

`cluster_state()`

    $result = $e->cluster_state();

Returns cluster state information.

See http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/admin/cluster/state/

`cluster_health()`

    $result = $e->cluster_health(
        index                         => multi,
        level                         => 'cluster' | 'indices' | 'shards',
        wait_for_status               => 'red' | 'yellow' | 'green',
        | wait_for_relocating_shards  => $number_of_shards,
        timeout                       => $seconds
    );

Returns the status of the cluster, or index|indices or shards, where the returned status means:

red: Data not allocated
yellow: Primary shard allocated
green: All shards allocated

It can block to wait for a particular status (or better), or can block to wait until the specified number of shards have been relocated (where 0 means all).

If waiting, then a timeout can be specified.

For example:

    $result = $e->cluster_health( wait_for_status => 'green', timeout => 10)

`nodes()`

    $result = $e->nodes(
        nodes       => multi,
        settings    => 1 | 0        # optional
    );

Returns information about one or more nodes or servers in the cluster. If settings is true, then it includes the node settings information.

See: http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/admin/cluster/nodes_info

`shutdown()`

    $result = $e->shutdown(
        nodes       => multi,
        delay       => '5s' | '10m'        # optional
    );

Shuts down one or more nodes (or the whole cluster if no nodes specified), optionally with a delay.

node can also have the values _local, _master or _all.

See: http://www.elasticsearch.com/docs/elasticsearch/rest_api/admin/cluster/nodes_shutdown/

Module-specific methods

`servers()`

    $servers = $e->servers

Returns a list of the servers/nodes known to be in the cluster the last time that "refresh_servers()" was called.

`refresh_servers()`

    $e->refresh_servers( $server | [$server_1, ...$server_n])
    $e->refresh_servers()

Tries to contact each server in the list to retrieve a list of servers/nodes currently in the cluster. If it succeeds, then it updates "servers()" and randomly selects one server to be the "current_server()"

If no servers are passed in, then it uses the list from "servers()" (ie the last known good list) instead.

Throws an exception if no servers can be found.

refresh_server is called from :

"new()"
if any "request()" fails
if the process forks and the PID changes

`current_server()`

    $current_server = $e->current_server()

Returns the current server for the current PID, or if none is set, then it tries to get a new current server by calling "refresh_servers()".

`ua()`

    $ua = $e->ua

Returns the current LWP::UserAgent instance for the current PID. If there is none, then it creates a new instance, with any options specified in "ua_options()"

Keep-alive is used by default (via LWP::ConnCache).

`ua_options()`

    $ua_options = $e->ua({....})

Get/sets the current list of options to be used when creating a new LWP::UserAgent instance. You may, for instance, want to set timeout

This is best set when creating a new instance of ElasticSearch with "new()".

`JSON()`

    $json_xs = $e->JSON

Returns the current JSON::XS object which is used to encode and decode all JSON when communicating with ElasticSearch.

If you need to change the JSON settings you can do (eg):

    $e->JSON->utf8

It is probably better not to fiddle with this! ElasticSearch expects all data to be provided as Perl strings (not as UTF8 encoded byte strings) and returns all data from ElasticSearch as Perl strings.

`request()`

    $result = $e->request({
        method  => 'GET|PUT|POST|DELETE',
        cmd     => url,                     # eg '/twitter/tweet/123'
        data    => $hash_ref                # converted to JSON document
    })

The request() method is used to communicate with the ElasticSearch "current_server()". If any request fails with a Can't connect error, then request() tries to refresh the server list, and repeats the request.

Any other error will throw an exception.

`throw()`

    $e->throw('ErrorType','ErrorMsg', {vars})

Throws an exception of ref $e . '::Error::' . $error_type, eg:

    $e->throw('Param', 'Missing required param', { params => $params})

... will thrown an error of class ElasticSearch::Error::Param.

Any vars passed in will be available as $error->{-vars}.

If "debug()" is true, then $error->{-stacktrace} will contain a stacktrace.

`debug()`

    $e->debug(1|0);

If debug() is true, then exceptions include a stack trace.

`trace_calls()`

    $es->trace_calls(1);            # log to STDERR
    $es->trace_calls($filename);    # log to $filename
    $es->trace_calls(0 | undef);    # disable logging

trace_calls() is used for debugging. All requests to the cluster are logged either to STDERR or the specified file, in a form that can be rerun with curl.

The cluster response will also be logged, and commented out.

Example: $e->nodes() is logged as:

    curl -XGET http://127.0.0.1:9200/_cluster/nodes
    # {
    #    "clusterName" : "elasticsearch",
    #    "nodes" : {
    #       "getafix-24719" : {
    #          "http_address" : "inet[/127.0.0.2:9200]",
    #          "data_node" : true,
    #          "transport_address" : "inet[getafix.traveljury.com/127.0.
    # >         0.2:9300]",
    #          "name" : "Sangre"
    #       },
    #       "getafix-17782" : {
    #          "http_address" : "inet[/127.0.0.2:9201]",
    #          "data_node" : true,
    #          "transport_address" : "inet[getafix.traveljury.com/127.0.
    # >         0.2:9301]",
    #          "name" : "Williams, Eric"
    #       }
    #    }
    # }

AUTHOR

Clinton Gormley, <drtech at cpan.org>

KNOWN ISSUES

"set()", "index()" and "create()"

If one of the fields that you are trying to index has the same name as the type, then you need change the format as follows:

Instead of:

     $e->set(index=>'twitter', type=>'tweet',
             data=> { tweet => 'My tweet', date => '2010-01-01' }
     );

you should include the type name in the data:

     $e->set(index=>'twitter', type=>'tweet',
             data=> { tweet=> { tweet => 'My tweet', date => '2010-01-01' }}
     );

"get()"

The _source key that is returned from a "get()" contains the original JSON string that was used to index the document initially. ElasticSearch parses JSON more leniently than JSON::XS, so if invalid JSON is used to index the document (eg unquoted keys) then $e->get(....) will fail with a JSON exception.

Any documents indexed via this module will be not susceptible to this problem.

BUGS

This is an alpha module, so there will be bugs, and the API is likely to change in the future, as the API of ElasticSearch itself changes.

If you have any suggestions for improvements, or find any bugs, please report them to http://github.com/clintongormley/ElasticSearch.pm/issues. I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes.

TODO

The API of the ElasticSearch cluster has just gone through a major tidy up, converting camelCase to underscore_separators, and improving a few inconsistencies. It is likely that the API will be pretty stable for the foreseeable future.

Version 0.6 will be released in early April 2010.

Once it has been released, I will be keeping compatibility with released versions of ES rather the latest master from GitHub, although I'll try to provide developer only versions that track master.

Hopefully I'll be adding an ElasticSearch::QueryBuilder (similar to SQL::Abstract) which will make it easier to generate valid queries for ElasticSearch.

SUPPORT

You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.

    perldoc ElasticSearch

You can also look for information at:

GitHub

http://github.com/clintongormley/ElasticSearch.pm
RT: CPAN's request tracker

http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=ElasticSearch
AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation

http://annocpan.org/dist/ElasticSearch
CPAN Ratings

http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/ElasticSearch
Search CPAN

http://search.cpan.org/dist/ElasticSearch/

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Shay Bannon, the ElasticSearch author, for producing an amazingly easy to use search engine.

LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either: the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; or the Artistic License.

See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/ for more information.

To install ElasticSearch, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

cpanm

cpanm ElasticSearch

CPAN shell

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install ElasticSearch

For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.

	Global
`s`	Focus search bar
`?`	Bring up this help dialog

	GitHub
`g` `p`	Go to pull requests
`g` `i`	go to github issues (only if github is preferred repository)

	POD
`g` `a`	Go to author
`g` `c`	Go to changes
`g` `i`	Go to issues
`g` `d`	Go to dist
`g` `r`	Go to repository/SCM
`g` `s`	Go to source
`g` `b`	Go to file browse

	Search terms
module: (e.g. module:Plugin)
distribution: (e.g. distribution:Dancer auth)
author: (e.g. author:SONGMU Redis)
version: (e.g. version:1.00)

NAME

VERSION

DESCRIPTION

SYNOPSIS

GETTING ElasticSearch

CALLING CONVENTIONS

RETURN VALUES AND EXCEPTIONS

METHODS

Creating a new ElasticSearch instance

new()

Document-indexing methods

index()

set()

create()

get()

delete()

Query commands

search()

count()

delete_by_query()

terms()

mlt()

Index Admin methods

index_status()

create_index()

delete_index()

aliases()

get_aliases()

flush_index()

refresh_index()

clear_cache()

gateway_snapshot()

snapshot_index()

optimize_index()

put_mapping()

get_mapping()

Cluster admin methods

cluster_state()

cluster_health()

nodes()

shutdown()

Module-specific methods

servers()

refresh_servers()

current_server()

ua()

ua_options()

JSON()

request()

throw()

debug()

trace_calls()

AUTHOR

KNOWN ISSUES

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Module Install Instructions

`new()`

`index()`

`set()`

`create()`

`get()`

`delete()`

`search()`

`count()`

`delete_by_query()`

`terms()`

`mlt()`

`index_status()`

`create_index()`

`delete_index()`

`aliases()`

`get_aliases()`

`flush_index()`

`refresh_index()`

`clear_cache()`

`gateway_snapshot()`

`snapshot_index()`

`optimize_index()`

`put_mapping()`

`get_mapping()`

`cluster_state()`

`cluster_health()`

`nodes()`

`shutdown()`

`servers()`

`refresh_servers()`

`current_server()`

`ua()`

`ua_options()`

`JSON()`

`request()`

`throw()`

`debug()`

`trace_calls()`