NAME

HTML::FormHandler - HTML forms using Moose

VERSION

version 0.32005

SYNOPSIS

See the manual at " HTML::FormHandler::Manual ".

    use HTML::FormHandler; # or a custom form: use MyApp::Form::User;
    my $form = HTML::FormHandler->new( .... );
    $form->process( params => $params );
    my $rendered_form = $form->render;
    if( $form->validated ) {
        # perform validated form actions
    }
    else {
        # perform non-validated actions
    }

Or, if you want to use a form 'result' (which contains only the form values and error messages) instead:

    use MyApp::Form; # or a generic form: use HTML::FormHandler;
    my $form = MyApp::Form->new( .... );
    my $result = $form->run( params => $params );
    if( $result->validated ) {
        # perform validated form actions
    }
    else {
        # perform non-validated actions
        $result->render;
    }

An example of a custom form class (you could also use a 'field_list' like the dynamic form example if you don't want to use the 'has_field' field declaration sugar):

    package MyApp::Form::User;

    use HTML::FormHandler::Moose;
    extends 'HTML::FormHandler';

    has '+item_class' => ( default => 'User' );

    has_field 'name' => ( type => 'Text' );
    has_field 'age' => ( type => 'PosInteger', apply => [ 'MinimumAge' ] );
    has_field 'birthdate' => ( type => 'DateTime' );
    has_field 'birthdate.month' => ( type => 'Month' ); # Explicitly split
    has_field 'birthdate.day' => ( type => 'MonthDay' ); # fields for renderer
    has_field 'birthdate.year' => ( type => 'Year' );
    has_field 'hobbies' => ( type => 'Multiple' );
    has_field 'address' => ( type => 'Text' );
    has_field 'city' => ( type => 'Text' );
    has_field 'state' => ( type => 'Select' );
    has_field 'email' => ( type => 'Email' );

    has '+dependency' => ( default => sub {
          [ ['address', 'city', 'state'], ]
       }
    );

    subtype 'MinimumAge'
       => as 'Int'
       => where { $_ > 13 }
       => message { "You are not old enough to register" };

    no HTML::FormHandler::Moose;
    1;

A dynamic form - one that does not use a custom form class - may be created using the 'field_list' attribute to set fields:

    my $form = HTML::FormHandler->new(
        name => 'user_form',
        item => $user,
        field_list => [
            'username' => {
                type  => 'Text',
                apply => [ { check => qr/^[0-9a-z]*/,
                   message => 'Contains invalid characters' } ],
            },
            'select_bar' => {
                type     => 'Select',
                options  => \@select_options,
                multiple => 1,
                size     => 4,
            },
        ],
    );

FormHandler does not provide a custom controller for Catalyst because it isn't necessary. Interfacing to FormHandler is only a couple of lines of code. See HTML::FormHandler::Manual::Catalyst for more details, or Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::09_AdvancedCRUD::09_FormHandler.

DESCRIPTION

*** Although documentation in this file provides some overview, it is mainly intended for API documentation. See HTML::FormHandler::Manual::Intro for a more detailed introduction.

HTML::FormHandler maintains a clean separation between form construction and form rendering. It allows you to define your forms and fields in a number of flexible ways. Although it provides renderers for HTML, you can define custom renderers for any kind of presentation.

HTML::FormHandler allows you to define form fields and validators. It can be used for both database and non-database forms, and will automatically update or create rows in a database. It can be used to process structured data that doesn't come from an HTML form.

One of its goals is to keep the controller/application program interface as simple as possible, and to minimize the duplication of code. In most cases, interfacing your controller to your form is only a few lines of code.

With FormHandler you'll never spend hours trying to figure out how to make a simple HTML change that would take one minute by hand. Because you CAN do it by hand. Or you can automate HTML generation as much as you want, with template widgets or pure Perl rendering classes, and stay completely in control of what, where, and how much is done automatically. You can define custom renderers and display your rendered forms however you want.

You can split the pieces of your forms up into logical parts and compose complete forms from FormHandler classes, roles, fields, collections of validations, transformations and Moose type constraints. You can write custom methods to process forms, add any attribute you like, use Moose method modifiers. FormHandler forms are Perl classes, so there's a lot of flexibility in what you can do.

HTML::FormHandler provides rendering through roles which are applied to form and field classes (although there's no reason you couldn't write a renderer as an external object either). There are currently two flavors: all-in-one solutions like HTML::FormHandler::Render::Simple and HTML::FormHandler::Render::Table that contain methods for rendering field widget classes, and the HTML::FormHandler::Widget roles, which are more atomic roles which are automatically applied to fields and form if a 'render' method does not already exist. See HTML::FormHandler::Manual::Rendering for more details. (And you can easily use hand-build forms - FormHandler doesn't care.)

The typical application for FormHandler would be in a Catalyst, DBIx::Class, Template Toolkit web application, but use is not limited to that. FormHandler can be used in any Perl application.

More Formhandler documentation and a tutorial can be found in the manual at HTML::FormHandler::Manual.

ATTRIBUTES and METHODS

Creating a form with 'new'

The new constructor takes name/value pairs:

    MyForm->new(
        item    => $item,
    );

No attributes are required on new. The form's fields will be built from the form definitions. If no initial data object has been provided, the form will be empty. Most attributes can be set on either 'new' or 'process'. The common attributes to be passed in to the constructor for a database form are either item_id and schema or item:

   item_id  - database row primary key
   item     - database row object
   schema   - (for DBIC) the DBIx::Class schema

The following are occasionally passed in, but are more often set in the form class:

   item_class  - source name of row
   dependency  - (see dependency)
   field_list  - an array of field definitions
   init_object - a hashref or object to provide initial values

Examples of creating a form object with new:

    my $form = MyApp::Form::User->new;

    # database form using a row object
    my $form = MyApp::Form::Member->new( item => $row );

    # a dynamic form (no form class has been defined)
    my $form = HTML::FormHandler::Model::DBIC->new(
        item_id         => $id,
        item_class    => 'User',
        schema          => $schema,
        field_list         => [
                name    => 'Text',
                active  => 'Boolean',
        ],
    );

See the model class for more information about the 'item', 'item_id', 'item_class', and schema (for the DBIC model). HTML::FormHandler::Model::DBIC.

FormHandler forms are handled in two steps: 1) create with 'new', 2) handle with 'process'. FormHandler doesn't care whether most parameters are set on new or process or update, but a 'field_list' argument must be passed in on 'new' since the fields are built at construction time.

If you want to update field attributes on the 'process' call, you can use an 'update_field_list' hashref attribute, or subclass update_fields in your form.

Processing the form

process

Call the 'process' method on your form to perform validation and update. A database form must have either an item (row object) or a schema, item_id (row primary key), and item_class (usually set in the form). A non-database form requires only parameters.

   $form->process( item => $book, params => $c->req->parameters );
   $form->process( item_id => $item_id,
       schema => $schema, params => $c->req->parameters );
   $form->process( params => $c->req->parameters );

This process method returns the 'validated' flag. ($form->validated) If it is a database form and the form validates, the database row will be updated.

After the form has been processed, you can get a parameter hashref suitable for using to fill in the form from $form->fif. A hash of inflated values (that would be used to update the database for a database form) can be retrieved with $form->value.

params

Parameters are passed in or already set when you call 'process'. HFH gets data to validate and store in the database from the params hash. If the params hash is empty, no validation is done, so it is not necessary to check for POST before calling $form->process. (Although see the 'posted' option for complications.)

Params can either be in the form of CGI/HTTP style params:

   {
      user_name => "Joe Smith",
      occupation => "Programmer",
      'addresses.0.street' => "999 Main Street",
      'addresses.0.city' => "Podunk",
      'addresses.0.country' => "UT",
      'addresses.0.address_id' => "1",
      'addresses.1.street' => "333 Valencia Street",
      'addresses.1.city' => "San Francisco",
      'addresses.1.country' => "UT",
      'addresses.1.address_id' => "2",
   }

or as structured data in the form of hashes and lists:

   {
      addresses => [
         {
            city => 'Middle City',
            country => 'GK',
            address_id => 1,
            street => '101 Main St',
         },
         {
            city => 'DownTown',
            country => 'UT',
            address_id => 2,
            street => '99 Elm St',
         },
      ],
      'occupation' => 'management',
      'user_name' => 'jdoe',
   }

CGI style parameters will be converted to hashes and lists for HFH to operate on.

posted

Note that FormHandler by default uses empty params as a signal that the form has not actually been posted, and so will not attempt to validate a form with empty params. Most of the time this works OK, but if you have a small form with only the controls that do not return a post parameter if unselected (checkboxes and select lists), then the form will not be validated if everything is unselected. For this case you can either add a hidden field, or use the 'posted' flag:

   $form->process( posted => ($c->req->method eq 'POST', params => ... );

The corollary is that you will confuse FormHandler if you add extra params. It's often a better idea to add Moose attributes to the form rather than 'dummy' fields if the data is not coming from a form control.

Getting data out

fif (fill in form)

If you don't use FormHandler rendering and want to fill your form values in using some other method (such as with HTML::FillInForm or using a template) this returns a hash of values that are equivalent to params which you may use to fill in your form.

The fif value for a 'title' field in a TT form:

   [% form.fif.title %]

Or you can use the 'fif' method on individual fields:

   [% form.field('title').fif %]

If you use FormHandler to render your forms or field you probably won't use these methods.

value

Returns a hashref of all field values. Useful for non-database forms, or if you want to update the database yourself. The 'fif' method returns a hashref with the field names for the keys and the field's 'fif' for the values; 'value' returns a hashref with the field accessors for the keys, and the field's 'value' (possibly inflated) for the the values.

Forms containing arrays to be processed with HTML::FormHandler::Field::Repeatable will have parameters with dots and numbers, like 'addresses.0.city', while the values hash will transform the fields with numbers to arrays.

Accessing and setting up fields

Fields are declared with a number of attributes which are defined in HTML::FormHandler::Field. If you want additional attributes you can define your own field classes (or apply a role to a field class - see HTML::FormHandler::Manual::Cookbook). The field 'type' (used in field definitions) is the short class name of the field class.

has_field

The most common way of declaring fields is the 'has_field' syntax. Using the 'has_field' syntax sugar requires use HTML::FormHandler::Moose; or use HTML::FormHandler::Moose::Role; in a role. See HTML::FormHandler::Manual::Intro

   use HTML::FormHandler::Moose;
   has_field 'field_name' => ( type => 'FieldClass', .... );

field_list

A 'field_list' is an array of field definitions which can be used as an alternative to 'has_field' in small, dynamic forms to create fields.

    field_list => [
       field_one => {
          type => 'Text',
          required => 1
       },
       field_two => 'Text,
    ]

Or the field list can be set inside a form class, when you want to add fields to the form depending on some other state.

   sub field_list {
      my $self = shift;
      my $fields = $self->schema->resultset('SomeTable')->
                          search({user_id => $self->user_id, .... });
      my @field_list;
      while ( my $field = $fields->next )
      {
         < create field list >
      }
      return \@field_list;
   }

update_field_list

Used to dynamically set particular field attributes on the 'process' (or 'run') call. (Will not create fields.)

    $form->process( update_field_list => {
       foo_date => { format => '%m/%e/%Y', date_start => '10-01-01' } },
       params => $params );

The 'update_field_list' is processed by the 'update_fields' form method, which can also be used in a form to do specific field updates:

    sub update_fields {
        my $self = shift;
        $self->field('foo')->temp( 'foo_temp' );
        $self->field('bar')->default( 'foo_value' );
    }

(Note that you can't set a field's 'value' directly here, since it will be overwritten by the validation process. Set the value in a field validation method.)

active

If a form has a variable number of fields, fields which are not always to be used should be defined as 'inactive':

   has_field 'foo' => ( type => 'Text', inactive => 1 );

Then the field name can be specified in the 'active' array, either on 'new', or on 'process':

   my $form = MyApp::Form->new( active => ['foo'] );
   ...
   $form->process( active => ['foo'] );

Fields specified as active on new will have the 'inactive' flag cleared, and so: those fields will be active for the life of the form object. Fields specified as active on 'process' will have the field's '_active' flag set just for the life of the request.

The 'sorted_fields' method returns only active fields. The 'fields' method returns all fields.

   foreach my $field ( $self->sorted_fields ) { ... }

You can test whether a field is active by using the field 'is_active' and 'is_inactive' methods.

field_name_space

Use to set the name space used to locate fields that start with a "+", as: "+MetaText". Fields without a "+" are loaded from the "HTML::FormHandler::Field" name space. If 'field_name_space' is not set, then field types with a "+" must be the complete package name.

fields

The array of fields, objects of HTML::FormHandler::Field or its subclasses. A compound field will itself have an array of fields, so this is a tree structure.

sorted_fields

Returns those fields from the fields array which are currently active. This is the method that returns the fields that are looped through when rendering.

field($name)

This is the method that is usually called to access a field:

    my $title = $form->field('title')->value;
    [% f = form.field('title') %]

    my $city = $form->field('addresses.0.city')->value;

Pass a second true value to die on errors.

Constraints and validation

Most validation is performed on a per-field basis, and there are a number of different places in which validation can be performed.

Apply actions

The 'actions' array contains a sequence of transformations and constraints (including Moose type constraints) which will be applied in order. The 'apply' sugar is used to add to the actions array in field classes. In a field definition elements of the 'apply' array will added to the 'actions' array.

The current value of the field is passed in to the subroutines, but it has no access to other field information. If you need more information to perform validation, you should use one of the other validation methods.

HTML::FormHandler::Field::Compound fields receive as value a hash containing values of their child fields - this may be used for easy creation of objects (like DateTime). See "apply" in HTML::FormHandler::Field for more documentation.

   has_field 'test' => ( apply => [ 'MyConstraint',
                         { check => sub {... },
                           message => '....' },
                         { transform => sub { ... },
                           message => '....' }
                         ] );

Field class validate method

The 'validate' method can be used in custom field classes to perform additional validation. It has access to the field ($self). This method is called after the actions are performed.

Form class validation for individual fields

You can define a method in your form class to perform validation on a field. This method is the equivalent of the field class validate method except it is in the form class, so you might use this validation method if you don't want to create a field subclass.

It has access to the form ($self) and the field. This method is called after the field class 'validate' method, and is not called if the value for the field is empty ('', undef). (If you want an error message when the field is empty, use the 'required' flag and message or the form 'validate' method.) The name of this method can be set with 'set_validate' on the field. The default is 'validate_' plus the field name:

   sub validate_testfield { my ( $self, $field ) = @_; ... }

If the field name has dots they should be replaced with underscores.

validate

This is a form method that is useful for cross checking values after they have been saved as their final validated value, and for performing more complex dependency validation. It is called after all other field validation is done, and whether or not validation has succeeded, so it has access to the post-validation values of all the fields.

This is the best place to do validation checks that depend on the values of more than one field.

Accessing errors

Set an error in a field with $field->add_error('some error string');. Set a form error not tied to a specific field with $self->add_form_error('another error string');. The 'add_error' and 'add_form_error' methods call localization. If you want to skip localization for a particular error, you can use 'push_errors' or 'push_form_errors' instead.

  has_errors - returns true or false
  error_fields - returns list of fields with errors
  errors - returns array of error messages for the entire form
  num_errors - number of errors in form

Each field has an array of error messages. (errors, has_errors, num_errors, clear_errors)

  $form->field('title')->errors;

Compound fields also have an array of error_fields.

Clear form state

The clear method is called at the beginning of 'process' if the form object is reused, such as when it is persistent in a Moose attribute, or in tests. If you add other attributes to your form that are set on each request, you may need to clear those yourself.

If you do not call the form's 'process' method on a persistent form, such as in a REST controller's non-POST method or if you only call process when the form is posted, you will also need to call $form->clear.

The 'run' method which returns a result object always performs 'clear', to keep the form object clean.

Miscellaneous attributes

name

The form's name. Useful for multiple forms. It is used to construct the default 'id' for fields, and is used for the HTML field name when 'html_prefix' is set. The default is "form" + a one to three digit random number.

init_object

An 'init_object' may be used instead of the 'item' to pre-populate the values in the form. This can be useful when populating a form from default values stored in a similar but different object than the one the form is creating. The 'init_object' should be either a hash or the same type of object that the model uses (a DBIx::Class row for the DBIC model). It can be set in a variety of ways:

   my $form = MyApp::Form->new( init_object => { .... } );
   $form->process( init_object => {...}, ... );
   has '+init_object' => ( default => sub { { .... } } );
   sub init_object { my $self = shift; .... }

The method version is useful if the organization of data in your form does not map to an existing or database object in an automatic way, and you need to create a different type of object for initialization. (You might also want to do 'update_model' yourself.)

ctx

Place to store application context for your use in your form's methods.

language_handle

See 'language_handle' and '_build_language_handle' in HTML::FormHandler::TraitFor::I18N.

dependency

Arrayref of arrayrefs of fields. If one of a group of fields has a value, then all of the group are set to 'required'.

  has '+dependency' => ( default => sub { [
     ['street', 'city', 'state', 'zip' ],] }
  );

Flags

validated, is_valid

Flag that indicates if form has been validated. You might want to use this flag if you're doing something in between process and returning, such as setting a stash key. ('is_valid' is a synonym for this flag)

   $form->process( ... );
   $c->stash->{...} = ...;
   return unless $form->validated;

ran_validation

Flag to indicate that validation has been run. This flag will be false when the form is initially loaded and displayed, since validation is not run until FormHandler has params to validate.

verbose

Flag to dump diagnostic information. See 'dump_fields' and 'dump_validated'.

html_prefix

Flag to indicate that the form name is used as a prefix for fields in an HTML form. Useful for multiple forms on the same HTML page. The prefix is stripped off of the fields before creating the internal field name, and added back in when returning a parameter hash from the 'fif' method. For example, the field name in the HTML form could be "book.borrower", and the field name in the FormHandler form (and the database column) would be just "borrower".

   has '+name' => ( default => 'book' );
   has '+html_prefix' => ( default => 1 );

Also see the Field attribute "html_name", a convenience function which will return the form name + "." + field full_name

For use in HTML

   http_method - For storing 'post' or 'get'
   action - Store the form 'action' on submission. No default value.
   enctype - Request enctype
   uuid - generates a string containing an HTML field with UUID
   css_class - adds a 'class' attribute to the form tag
   style - adds a 'style' attribute to the form tag

Note that the form tag contains an 'id' attribute which is set to the form name.

SUPPORT

IRC:

  Join #formhandler on irc.perl.org

Mailing list:

  http://groups.google.com/group/formhandler

Code repository:

  http://github.com/gshank/html-formhandler/tree/master

CONTRIBUTORS

gshank: Gerda Shank <gshank@cpan.org>

zby: Zbigniew Lukasiak <zby@cpan.org>

t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>

augensalat: Bernhard Graf <augensalat@gmail.com>

cubuanic: Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>

rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>

mazpe: Lester Ariel Mesa

dew: Dan Thomas

koki: Klaus Ita

jnapiorkowski: John Napiorkowski

lestrrat: Daisuke Maki

hobbs: Andrew Rodland

Andy Clayton

boghead: Bryan Beeley

Csaba Hetenyi

Eisuke Oishi

Lian Wan Situ

Murray

Nick Logan

Vladimir Timofeev

diegok: Diego Kuperman

ijw: Ian Wells

amiri: Amiri Barksdale

Initially based on the source code of Form::Processor by Bill Moseley

AUTHOR

FormHandler Contributors - see HTML::FormHandler

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

1 POD Error

The following errors were encountered while parsing the POD:

Around line 514:: L<> starts or ends with whitespace

To install HTML::FormHandler, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

cpanm

cpanm HTML::FormHandler

CPAN shell

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install HTML::FormHandler

For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.

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