NAME

Sub::Uplevel - apparently run a function in a higher stack frame

VERSION

This documentation describes version 0.22

SYNOPSIS

  use Sub::Uplevel;

  sub foo {
      print join " - ", caller;
  }

  sub bar {
      uplevel 1, \&foo;
  }

  #line 11
  bar();    # main - foo.plx - 11

DESCRIPTION

Like Tcl's uplevel() function, but not quite so dangerous. The idea is just to fool caller(). All the really naughty bits of Tcl's uplevel() are avoided.

THIS IS NOT THE SORT OF THING YOU WANT TO DO EVERYDAY

uplevel

  uplevel $num_frames, \&func, @args;

Makes the given function think it's being executed $num_frames higher than the current stack level. So when they use caller($frames) it will actually give caller($frames + $num_frames) for them.

uplevel(1, \&some_func, @_) is effectively goto &some_func but you don't immediately exit the current subroutine. So while you can't do this:

    sub wrapper {
        print "Before\n";
        goto &some_func;
        print "After\n";
    }

you can do this:

    sub wrapper {
        print "Before\n";
        my @out = uplevel 1, &some_func;
        print "After\n";
        return @out;
    }

uplevel will issue a warning if $num_frames is more than the current call stack depth.

EXAMPLE

The main reason I wrote this module is so I could write wrappers around functions and they wouldn't be aware they've been wrapped.

    use Sub::Uplevel;

    my $original_foo = \&foo;

    *foo = sub {
        my @output = uplevel 1, $original_foo;
        print "foo() returned:  @output";
        return @output;
    };

If this code frightens you you should not use this module.

BUGS and CAVEATS

Well, the bad news is uplevel() is about 5 times slower than a normal function call. XS implementation anyone? It also slows down every invocation of caller(), regardless of whether uplevel() is in effect.

Sub::Uplevel overrides CORE::GLOBAL::caller temporarily for the scope of each uplevel call. It does its best to work with any previously existing CORE::GLOBAL::caller (both when Sub::Uplevel is first loaded and within each uplevel call) such as from Contextual::Return or Hook::LexWrap.

However, if you are routinely using multiple modules that override CORE::GLOBAL::caller, you are probably asking for trouble.

You should load Sub::Uplevel as early as possible within your program. As with all CORE::GLOBAL overloading, the overload will not affect modules that have already been compiled prior to the overload. One module that often is unavoidably loaded prior to Sub::Uplevel is Exporter. To forceably recompile Exporter (and Exporter::Heavy) after loading Sub::Uplevel, use it with the ":aggressive" tag:

    use Sub::Uplevel qw/:aggressive/;

The private function Sub::Uplevel::_force_reload() may be passed a list of additional modules to reload if ":aggressive" is not aggressive enough. Reloading modules may break things, so only use this as a last resort.

As of version 0.20, Sub::Uplevel requires Perl 5.6 or greater.

HISTORY

Those who do not learn from HISTORY are doomed to repeat it.

The lesson here is simple: Don't sit next to a Tcl programmer at the dinner table.

THANKS

Thanks to Brent Welch, Damian Conway and Robin Houston.

AUTHORS

David A Golden <dagolden@cpan.org> (current maintainer)

Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com> (original author)

LICENSE

Original code Copyright (c) 2001 to 2007 by Michael G Schwern. Additional code Copyright (c) 2006 to 2008 by David A Golden.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

See http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html

SEE ALSO

PadWalker (for the similar idea with lexicals), Hook::LexWrap, Tcl's uplevel() at http://www.scriptics.com/man/tcl8.4/TclCmd/uplevel.htm

cpanm App::Mobirc

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install App::Mobirc